Funda kabanzi malunga neengxowa-mali ze-Junk Bond kunye nokuTyaliswa kweNtengo ePhakamileyo
Iimpawu zeeJunk Definition
Eyaziwa ngokuba yimveliso ephezulu, izibopho ezingenayo i-junk zikhonkco ezinokulinganiswa kwexabiso lekhredithi ngaphantsi kwebakala lotyalo-mali (ireyithi engaphantsi kweBBB nge-Standard & Poor's okanye ngaphantsi kwe-Baa yi-arhente yokulinganisa i-arhente ye-credit). Ikhonkco inokufumana isilinganiselo semali esezantsi ngenxa yengozi yokungagqibekanga kwiqumrhu elikhupha isibophelelo.
Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa yolu mngcipheko olusenyongweni, amashishini anikezela ezi zibophelelo aya kubhatala amazinga amanqanaba aphezulu ekuhlawuleleni abo batyalo-mali ukuba bathathe umngcipheko wokuthenga izibophelelo.
Cinga ngamanqaku okuthenga ngetyala. Abantu abathile abaneembali zentengo ematyala, okanye abo abanezikhundla zezemali ababuthathaka, baya kunikwa amanqaku angaphantsi kweekredithi kwaye ke baya kuhlawulwa inzala ephezulu yokuboleka. Imilinganiselo efanayo iyalandelwa i-arhente enikela izilinganiso zexabiso lekhredithi kwiinkampani ezikhupha izibophelelo, njengemibutho, oorhulumente kunye noomasipala: Umlando weebhanki ezingekho phantsi kwamandla okanye ukuma kwemali ebuthakathaka kufana nemilinganiselo ephezulu yenzalo yabbolekayo. Kwimeko yamabhonkco, umbutho okhuphayo ngumboleki kunye notyalomali-mboleko ngumboleki.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi izibophelelo zekhredithi eziphezulu zingaphezu kwebakala lotyalo-mali. Amagumbi aneemilinganiselo eziphezulu aya kuvuzwa ngokuhlawula ixabiso lentlawulo ephantsi.
Isicwangciso soTyalo-mali, ixesha kunye neengozi ze-Junk Bond Mutual Funds
Isisiseko esisisiseko sokutyalomali kwii-securities kunye nomngcipheko ophezulu unxulumene nokulula ukuqonda - ingozi enkulu enokuthi iguqulele kwimbuyekezo ephezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ihlabathi lemali engenayo ingenangxaki; iingozi zemarike yokutyalomali kwiibhondi ezingenayo i-junk kunye nemali ephakamileyo yezibophelelo zentsebenziswano ngokubanzi ayinakuqondwa kakuhle.
Ixabiso leemali zeBond lihambelana nemilinganiselo yamanani kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye namanani amabhondi ahamba ngokubhekiselele kwintsebenzo. Ngezenzo ze-Federal Reserve, inzala yenzalo inganyuswa okanye iyancipha, ukunciphisa umnotho ogqithiseleyo okanye ukukhuthaza umntu obuthathaka, ngokulandelanayo, nayiphi na into efanelekileyo kwisigwebo se-Fed seemeko zoqoqosho ezikhoyo. Amanqanaba omdla ngokubanzi aphakama ngexesha lokukhula koqoqosho oluqinileyo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo wehla kwimimandla ephantsi kwemali.
Abatyalomali kunye neemarike ezinkulu zichaphazela nokuthengiswa kwamaxabiso kunye nezivuno. Abatyali-mali abazimisele ukuhlawula ngokulinganayo kwixabiso lesibungozi esiphezulu kodwa bazimisele ukuhlawula ngaphezulu kwiibhondi ezinobungozi obuphantsi. Cinga ngezikhathi zokunciphisa imali apho umfama-mali uhlamba kude nomngcipheko oqikelelweyo kunye nokukhuseleko olubonakalayo. Njengoko abatyali-mali abaninzi banqwenela "ukhuseleko," imfuno iphakamisa amanani aphakamileyo kwaye ivelise ezantsi ukutshala imali ekhuselekileyo kunye nokulinganiselwa kweentengo eziphezulu, ezifana noovimba be-US. Xa uqoqosho luqala ukubukeka luphilile, abatyali-mali baqhubela phambili ukuphuma ngaphandle kokukhusela okubonakalayo kwaye baye kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Oku kubangela ukuba umngcipheko ophezulu (umthamo we-junk) aphezulu kunye nokuchasene kwenzeka kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo "intlawulo" (iintlawulo) (izityalo) zihamba phezulu njengoko amaxabiso ahla ngenxa yokufuna okuncinci ngomhlambi-mali.
Ngoko ke, umboniso ongekho mkhulu kunye nombono omkhulu wocwangciso lotyalo-mali kukuba isinyathelo esinye ngaphambi kweenkomo (kunye ne-Federal Reserve). Ngaphambili nangethuba lomhlaba, izinga eliphezulu lekhredithi, iimali eziphantsi kobungozi obuncitshiswayo (abo abatyala imali kwiiNondyebo zase-US kunye naphezu kwezibhanki zentsebenziswano yebhanki) zingabakho ukuhamba. Ngaphambi kokuphela kwemali, umtyalo-mali unokuqalisa ukuguqulwa kumgangatho ophantsi wekhredithi, i-junk high risk (ivuno ephezulu) kunye neendleko zokukhwela phezulu njengoko uqoqosho luphucula. Isishwankathelo, ixesha elifanelekileyo lokutshala imali kwiimbopheleleko ezingenayo i-junk bonds kwiimigangatho yokugqibela yomhlaba, ngokuchanekileyo ngexesha apho kungekho mntu ufuna.
Iingcebiso zeMutual Fund kunye Nezilumkiso
Ngenxa yobunzima bokutyalo-mali kunye nomngcipheko wexesha leemarike , abaninzi abatyalo-mali baya kwenza utyalo-mali olusesikweni kunye nolawulo oluhlangene.
Ngaloo ndlela, unokushiya ukuhamba kwehlabathi leentengo zemboleko kulabo abayayiqondayo - abaphathi bezimali zebhanki.
Ukuba injongo yakho yotyalo-mali iphakathi kwexesha elide (ubuncinane kwiminyaka emithathu okanye ngaphezulu) kwaye ufuna ukufumana ingozi ephezulu, unokucinga ngengxowa-mali njengeLoomis Sayles Bond (LSBRX), eneqela lolawulo elininzi wamava eminyaka, kuquka uDan Fuss, ophethe iipotfoliyo ezinxulumene nazo iminyaka engaphezu kwama-50. I-LSBRX yinkxaso-mali yamacandelo amaninzi, oku kuthetha ukuba inokutyalomali malunga naluphi na uhlobo lwesibhondi, kubandakanywa izibophelelo ezingenanto, izibophelelo zangaphandle kunye nezibophelelo zeemarike ezikhulayo .
Eminye imali ephezulu yokubolekisa izivuno kunye namaxabiso aphantsi aquka i-Vanguard High Yield Corporate (VWEHX) kunye ne-T. Rowe Price High Yield (PRHYX).
Ngokuqinisekileyo, ngaba abaphathi beefowuni ezifanelekileyo kakhulu banokwenza iimpazamo. Ngoko ke, unokuba ufuna ukujonga ngakumbi kwizizathu ezithile zokuba usebenzise i-index index bond .
Qaphela kwakhona: Amabhondi kaMasipala , iiBond zeBhanki kunye nee- Bonds ze- US Treasury Bonds
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi olukule ndawo lunikezelwa ngeenjongo zengxoxo kuphela, kwaye akufanele lichazwe ngokungeniswa njengeengcebiso zotyalo-mali. Ngaphandle kweemeko ngaba le nkcazelo ibonisa isincomo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iziqinisekiso.