Iintlobo zeNgxowa-mali zeBond zokuBamba iiRhafu zeNzala kunye neNkokeli
Kwiminyaka emininzi, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kwakuye kwanda, okwakungenako ukubuyisela imali kwiimali ezixhaseneyo. Kodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, njengoko inzala yenzalo iqala ukunyuka ukusuka kwimimiselo yabo yembali, i-market bull for bonds ended.
Kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba imali yezibophelelo ayiyiyona nxalenye ebalulekileyo yephothifoliyo eyahlukeneyo kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ayithethi ixesha elide kumanani e-bond or bond bond.
Abatyalomali bafuna nje ukufumana iimali ezibopheleleyo kwiimali ezinxulumene nomgangatho wokunyuka kwenzala kunye nokuqonda ukuba zeziphi izibophelelo zemali ekubhekiselele kuyo. Ukwazi izinto ezisisiseko apho imali iqhuba kakuhle kwaye yiziphi iimali eziqhuba kakubi ngaphambili kwaye ngexesha lezinga eliphezulu lemali kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso kuyinqobo ebalulekileyo kumxhasi we-bond.
Ziziphi iibhondi ezixhomekeke kwiiNtengo zeNzala kunye neZiphumo
Izizathu zokubangela ukuba iibhanki zithintele kwizinga lentengo kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso kubonakala kunzima kakhulu kwaye ke kunzima ukuyiqonda. Ukwenza lula izinto eziphambili ezifunekayo ukuba wazi ngokukwakha iipotfoliyo eziphambili zeemali zentsebenziswano , nali ngongoma eziphambili:
- I- Federal Reserve iBhodi iphakamisa amaxabiso enzala xa iyika ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kuya kubangelwa koqoqosho olukhula. Ngokuchaseneyo, baya kunciphisa amazinga omyinge wokulwa nokuchasana kunye / okanye uqoqosho olutshisayo . Eli nqaku libhekiselele kwiingxowa-mali ezigqwesileyo eziphezulu zokunyuka kwamaxabiso ...
- Ezi ziphakamileyo eziphezulu, ezibizwa ngokuba yi- Federal Funds Rate , ezihlawulwe kwiibhanki yi- Federal Reserve zonyusa izindleko zokuboleka (iindleko zemali) kwiibhanki, ezithatha ngqo ukuba zigqithise ezi ndleko kubaxumi babo, njengabantu abathengi ngabanye, iinkampani kunye ezinye iibhanki. Ngamazwi ahlukeneyo, inzala ehlawulwe kwiintlobo ezininzi zemali mboleko iya kwanda emva kokuba i-Fed ikhulise amaxabiso ayo.
- Iibhondi ziboleke imali. Ukuba ixabiso lentengo ebonakalayo kwimali-mboleko, kubandakanywa izibophelelo, ziya kukhula, abatyali-zimali baxhomekeke ukuba bafune iimbophelelo eziphakamileyo ezithengayo ukuze benze imali engakumbi kwi-bond bond bond.
- Xa abatyali-mabhanki bekhanga kakhulu kwiibhanki ezitsha ezihlawulela inzala ephezulu, iibhondi ezidala ezihlawula umdla ongenamncinci abancinci kubasomali. Kutheni uthenge isibophelelo esihlawulela u-6.00% xa unokufumana isibophelelo esifanayo esihlawula i-6.50%? Ngoko ke, xa abatyali bemali bafuna ukuthengisa izibophelelo zabo ezikhulileyo ezihlawula umrhumo ophantsi, zinyanzeliswa ukuba zithengise ibhondi ngentengo ephantsi kunokuba ayithenge ngoba umtyalomali oyithengayo uya kufuna isaphulelo sokwamkela inzala engaphantsi.
Isishwankathelo, ixabiso lentengo lihamba ngokubhekiselele kwinqanaba lentlawulo ngenxa yempembelelo yeerhafu ezintsha kwiibhondi ezidala. Xa izantya zenzalo zikhulayo, ukuveliswa kwezibophelelo ezitsha ziphezulu kwaye zinomtsalane kubatyalomali ngelixa izibophelelo ezindala kunye nezivuno ezisezantsi zikhangeleka, ngoko ke ziphoqa amanani aphantsi.
Ukuba konke oku kunzima ukuyiqonda, ungakhathazeki! Uqhelekile! Yonke into oyifunayo ngokwenene kukuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okulingana kufana namaxabiso angaphantsi kwamaxabiso .
Umzekelo wendlela iRhafu yeMali echaphazelekayo echaphazela ngayo iBond
Enye ingongoma ephambili ukuqonda malunga nobudlelwane phakathi kwamanani amabhondi kunye neerhafu zenzalo kukuba iibhondi ezineemali ezide zibalasele kakhulu kwiirhafu zerhafu kunezibophelelo ezinomlinganiselo omfutshane.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuba iirhafu zanda, ngubani ofuna ukufumana iimbophelelo ezihlawula umdla osezantsi kumathuba amaxesha angaphezulu? Ukuba sele ikhulile, inkulu inzala yengozi .
Umzekelo olula apha unesiqinisekiso seDistim (iiCD) . Xa ii- CD ezitsha ziphuma ngesivuno esiphezulu, umtyalo-zimali we-CD ufuna ukufaka endaweni yendawo endala nge entsha. Ukongeza, umtyalo-mali we-CD oza kuthenga ii-CD ezinokukhula okufutshane (okt unyaka omnye okanye ngaphantsi) ukuba balindele ukuba amazinga aqhubeke nokunyuka kunyaka ozayo. I-Bond yokutshala imali kwizinga lokunyuka kwezinga lentengo lilandela imigaqo efanayo.
Iibhondi zeBond eziPhambili zokuKhuphula iiNtengo zenzalo kunye nexabiso lemali
Ngoku ukuba uyayazi izinto ezisisiseko kwiibhondi kunye neerhafu zenzalo, nantsi ezinye iintlobo zeengxowa-mali ezixhasayo ezinokuthi zenze ngcono kunabanye kwimimandla yokwanda kwamaxabiso kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso:
- Iibhondi zexesha elifutshane: Ukunyuka kwamazinga enzala kwenza amaxabiso amabhonksi ahla kodwa ekude ukukhula, amanani angaphezulu aya kuwa. Ngoko ke into echasene nayo iyinyani: izibhonkco zokukhula okufutshane ziza kwenza ngcono kunezo zinobunzima obude kwizinga lokunyuka kwenzala kuba amaxabiso abo. Nangona kunjalo, gcinani engqondweni ukuba "ukwenza ngcono" kusenokuthi uthengisa amaxabiso, nangona ukuhla kwezinto kunzima kakhulu. Iimali ezimbalwa zebhondi ezisebenza kakuhle ziquka i-PIMCO ebudeni bexesha elide D (PLDDX) kunye neVanguard-Bond Index Bond Index (VBISX).
- Iibhondi zexesha eliphakathi: Nangona ubunzima bexesha elide kunye nale mali, akukho mtyalo-mali owaziyo ngokwenene ukuba amazinga omdla kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso kuya kwenza ntoni. Ngoko ke iimali-mboleko zexesha eliphakathi zinganikeza ithuba eliphakathi phakathi kwendlela-mali kubatyalo-mali abakhetha ngokufanelekileyo ukuba bangazi ukuba zeziphi iimarike ezibophekileyo ezakwenzayo ngexesha elifutshane. Ngokomzekelo, ngaba abaphathi beengxowa-mali bezona zimali baqikelela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso (kunye namaxabiso aphantsi kwee-bond) baza kubuya ngo-2011, okuza kuzisa kwizinga eliphezulu lamanzala kunye nokwenza izibophelelo zesikhashana zikhangele ngakumbi. Babengalunganga kwaye abaphathi bezimali balahlekelwa ukuba bachonge imali , njenge-Vanguard Intermdiate-Bond Index Index (VBIIX), ebetha i-99% yazo zonke ezinye iimali zebhanki zexesha eliphakathi ngo-2011. Unyaka wekhalenda kude kube ngowama-2013. Unokuzama kwakhona indlela eyahlukeneyo kunye ne-index yebhanki ye-Exchange Exchange Fund (ETF), njenge-iShares Barclay's Aggregate Bond (AGG).
- Iimali ezikhuselweyo ze-Inflation: Eyaziwa ngokuba yi- Nondyebo yeMali-mali (Protected Securities) (I-TIPS), ezi zibophelelo ziyakwenza kakuhle ngaphambili nangethuba lokunyuka kwamaxabiso, okuvame ukuhambelana nokukhula kwamanani kunye nokukhula koqoqosho. I-fund ye-TIPS ye-TIPS yiVanguard ye-Inflation Protected Protected Fund (VIPSX).
Isishwankathelo, iimali ezigqwesileyo ezigqithisiweyo zokunyuka kwamaxabiso akuqinisekisile ukubuyiswa okulungileyo kwimeko enjalo kwezoqoqosho kodwa ezi ntlobo zemali-mboleko zinomngcipheko wezinga lomncinci ngaphezu kwezinye iintlobo zeemali ezibophelelweyo.
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi olukule ndawo lunikezelwa ngeenjongo zengxoxo kuphela, kwaye akufanele lichazwe ngokungeniswa njengeengcebiso zotyalo-mali. Ngaphandle kweemeko ngaba le nkcazelo ibonisa isincomo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iziqinisekiso.