Inkcazo kunye neZiseko
Kule nqaku, uya kufunda inkcazo yemali yenkcazo, indlela osebenza ngayo imali, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengxelo zemali.
Inkcazo yeNgxowa-mali
Iimali zengxelo ziyimali ezidibeneyo eziye zenzelwe ukulandelela ukubuyiswa kweengxelo zeemakethe. Isalathisi liqela leempahla ezikhuselekileyo ezimele icandelo elithile lemarike (imarike yamasheya, i-market market, njl).
Phakathi kwezinye iinkampani eziyaziwayo eziphuhlisa iimali zeemarike zi-Standard & Poors kunye noDow Jones.
Iimali zenkcazo ziza kubamba phantse zonke i-securities kwisilinganiso esifanayo nesicatshulwa sayo. Iimali zenkcazo ziyakhiwa njenge-fund fund, i-fund-exchangeed fund, okanye i- unit trust trust . Izinkampani ezininzi eziyaziwayo ezinikezela ngemali yenkcazo yiVanguard, i-Fidelity kunye ne-T. Rowe Price.
Ukuphathwa ngokuthe ngqo: Kuthetha ukuthini oku oku?
Iimali zengxelo zibhekwa ukuba zilawulwe ngokungathandabuzekiyo kuba umphathi weepotfoliyo nganye kwingxowa-mali yenkcazo echaza inkcazo, kunokuba athengise izibambiso zokubambisa ngokubhekiselele kwimbono yakhe yembonakalo yemingcipheko / imbuyekezo yezikhundla ezihlukeneyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i -fund elawulwa ngokunyanisekileyo inomphathi wepotfoliyo othenga nokuthengisa izibambiso ngokusekelwe kwimbono malunga nokuba zeziphi iziqinisekiso eziza kufezekisa iinjongo zeengxowa-mali.
Inyaniso yokuba i-index index ilawulwa ngokunganyanzelwanga ikunceda ukugcina iindleko eziphantsi, okuza kuthi kwakhona kukhulise imbuyekezo ngokukhawuleza.
Ubume obuthile benkcazo yemali lugcina nokuthengwa kwezinto ezincinci, ezikunceda ekunciphiseni irhafu kwiinkxaso-mali ezinokusetyenziswa kwiakhawunti ezihlawulwayo.
Imali
Iimali zenkcazo zineendleko zeendleko ezifana nezinye iimali. Njengeminye imali yomxhaswano, iimali zenkcazo zineeklasi ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwenkampani ye-fund (iCandelo A, B, C, njl njl.) Ngokuqhelekileyo, iindleko ezipheleleyo zokuba nenkcazo yengxowa zingaphantsi kweengxowa-mali ezilawulwa ngokuzithandela.
Nangona kunjalo, ezo ndleko zizonke zixhomeke kakhulu kwiinkampani zeengxowa-mali ezibonelela ngemali kunye nesalathisi esilandelwayo. Ngamanye amagama, awukwazi ukuthetha ngokukhuselekileyo ukuba yonke imali yenkcazo ingabizi ngaphezu kwazo zonke iimali ezilawulwa ngokusebenzayo.
Ukuba ufuna ukutshala imali kwiinkcukacha zeengxowa-mali ezinkulu ze-US, ungathenga ii-Vanguard 500 Index Index Investment Shares (VFINX). Ngokwenza njalo, awuyi kuhlawula umrhumo wokuthengisa ngaphambili, kwaye inani lakho elipheleleyo leendleko eziqhubekayo li-0.16% elincinci. Ungacingi ukuba zonke iingxelo zezimali ziphantsi. Ngokomzekelo, kukho ezinye iimali zenkcazo ezilandelelanisa i-S & P 500 Index eneendleko zokulinganisela eziphakamileyo njenge-1.50% okanye ngaphezulu; ezi zihlandlo ezilishumi ngaphezu kweVanguard 500 Index Index. Emva kokuba uthathe isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi inkcazo ofuna ukuyithenga, qi niseka ukuba uphando ngeendleko zokukhetha utsalo-mali.
Ziza Ngeendlela Ezihlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu
Iingxelo ziza kwiintlobo ezininzi. Ezinye iimbosi zingabandakanya phantse zonke izitokisi e-US (njenge-Wilshire 5000 Index) okanye kwamanye amazwe (njenge-MSCI Brazil Index). Iingxelo zingaphinde zibe yi-subset zezinye iimbosi. Umzekelo, i-Standard & Poor iyaphula phantsi i-S & P 1500 Inkcazo edibeneyo kwinani leenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo. I-S & P 500 / i-Citigroup Value Index ibandakanya izitokisi ezinama-stocks amakhulu kwi-S & P 1500 ezibhekwa njengexabiso lesitokisi.
Inkcazo ye-S & P SmallCap 600 / Citigroup Growth ibandakanya i-stocks ezincinci kwi-S & P 1500 ezibhekwa njengezikhukhula zokukhula .
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iindleko ezingapheliyo ziye zadalwa ukwenzela ukuba abatyali-mali bafumane ithuba lokusebenzisa iimarike ezizodwa. Abatyalomali abafuna ukutyalomali kwizinto eziphathekayo, iimali zelizwe langaphandle, okanye iinkampani ezinoxanduva loluntu ngoku ziyakwazi ukujonga imali.