Uluhlu olupheleleyo lweeNkcazo zokuTyala kwiiShishini kunye neBond
Dow Jones Umgangatho Woshishino
I-Dow Jones Ishicilelo seShishini i-index yesitokethi ebonisa ukunyuka kwexabiso lentengo yeenkampani ezinkulu ezingama-30 ezivela kumashishini athile e-United States.
Ebizwa emva kukaCharles Dow noEdward Jones, isiqwenga esidumile sesitokhwe sichazwa ngokuba nguDow Jones, i-Dow 30 okanye njengoko ibizwa ngokuba yi "Dow."
Abatyalo-zimali abanzulu, njengabathengisi bezobugcisa kunye nabasomali-mali, abasaniki ukuhlonipha kakhulu iDow Jones njengeendaba eziqhelekileyo. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yegama layo elingaqondakaliyo, iindaba zamabhiyozo kunye neendaba ezibhaliweyo ezipapashwe ngokubanzi ziyakwazi nje ukubonelela ngentloko, njengokuthi "I-Dow Hit New Record Today" kwaye abathengi ngolwazi baya kuqonda ukuba oko kuthetha ntoni.
I-S & P 500 Index
Eyaziwa ngokuba yi "S & P 500" okanye nje "imarike," i-Standard & Poor's Index ye-500 yiyona ndlela isetyenziswe ngokuqhelekileyo kwicandelo elikhulu le-stock market yase-US. Isalathisi sibhekisela kumaqela angama-500 ase-US kwaye ihlanganisa malunga ne-75% yemarike yokulingana yase-US.
Abanini-zimali abaninzi basebenzisa enye yeyona mali efanelekileyo ye-S & P 500 yee- Index njengento ebambe iqhosha kwi-portfolio yemali okanye i-ETF.
I-NASDAQ
I-NASDAQ okanye uMbutho weSizwe weeNgcaciso zeeNgcaciso I-Automated Quotations System yintengiso ye-stock njenge-New York Stock Exchange (i-NYSE) e-Wall Street. Intengiso yokuqala ye-stock market, kunye nomlandeli kwi-system-over-counter-the-counter (i-OTC) yokurhweba, i-NASDAQ ihluke kwi-NYSE kuba inethwekhi ngokuzenzekelayo.
I-NASDAQ ikwaqatshelwa kwakhona kwiinkcazo zayo eziphezulu eziphathekayo zezobugcisa.
Ngaphandle kweDow kunye ne-S & P 500, i-NASDAQ yenye yeefowuni ezikhangelwe kakhulu. Inkcazo ephezulu ye-NASDAQ yi-NASDAQ Composite, equkethe ama-3,000 esitokisini kodwa isalathisi esaziwayo kakhulu sinokuba yi-NASDAQ 100. Iimasheya ezithengiswa kwi-NASDAQ zineempawu zeekethi ezinezinhlamvu ezine, njenge-MSFT ye-Microsoft okanye i-TWTR ye-Twitter.
I-Wilshire 5000 Index
Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa "isalathisi esipheleleyo semakethe ye-stock market," iWilshire 5000 yinkcazo ebanzi kakhulu yemakethe ye-stock - isampuli yeempahla ezingaphezu kwama-5000 ezimele uluhlu lweemali zentengiso (okt-cap-cap, cap-cap and cap-small).
Kubalulekile ukuba abatyali-mali baqaphele ukuba i-Wilshire 5000 i-cap-market-weighted, oku kuthetha ukuba iinkampani ezinkulu (ezo zinkulu-mali) ziza kubonisa inxalenye enkulu (ibe phakathi kwezinto eziphezulu) ngepesenti kuneenkampani ezincinci. Ngamanye amazwi, abatyali-mali banokuvakalelwa kukuba banomthwalo ohlukeneyo ngenxa yokubakho kwiindawo ezininzi zeemali ezihlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhutshwa okuphezulu kwiitoksi ezinkulu kubaluleke kangangokuba ukusebenza kuya kuba nokulungelelaniswa okuphezulu (kufane noku) kwiimali ezinkulu ze-stock stock.
Ngenxa yeso sizathu, abatyali-mali abaninzi bakhetha ukusebenzisa i-S & P 500 yengxowa-mali yokuxhasa amasheya amakhulu kunye nesicatshulwa esahlukileyo, njengoRussell 2000, ukumela amasheya amancinci kwi-portfolio yabo.
Index kaRussell 3000
Akunakudideka kunye noRussell 2000 (jonga ngezantsi), uRussell 3000 uyi-index index, emele malunga nama-3000 esitokisini, esenza ukusebenza kweenkampani ezinkulu zase-US. I-Index kaRussell 3000 idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yinkcazo ebanzi yemarike ngoba ibonisa malunga ne-98% yemarike yokulingana yemali e-US.
Iimali kunye kunye ne-ETFs ezityalomali ngendlela efana neRussell 3000 Index ingaba ukhetho olufanelekileyo ekwakheni iphothifoliyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenjongo yokwahlukahluka, abatyali-mali kufuneka baqaphele ukuba uRussell 3000 kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo kwinxalenye enkulu yepotfoliyo kwaye ngoko kufuneka aqhubeke ebonakaliswa kwezinye iintlobo zeengxowa-mali okanye iindidi, njenge-stock-small stock, isitoreji esingekho, kwaye ingeniso (iibhonksi) ngaphakathi kwipotfoliyo.
URussell 2000 Index
URussell 2000 isalathisi esibonisa isahlulo samasheya esincinci somhlaba-mali wokutyalomali. Njengoko igama lithetha, isalathisi siquka malunga nama-2000 eenkampani ezincinci, ezisekelwe kwiimali zentengiso.
Ngokomdali we-Russell 2000 Index, uRussell Investments, isalathisi "sakhiwa ukubonelela i-barometer encinci kwaye ingabonakaliyo i-barometer encinci kwaye iphinda ivuselelwe kwakhona ngonyaka ukuqinisekisa ukuba izitokisi ezinkulu aziphazamisi ukusebenza kunye neempawu zincinci lithuba. " Oku kwenza imali kaRussell 2000 Index kunye nee-ETs ziyancomeka kakuhle kwi-index-cap index, njengeS & P 500, ekwakheni iphothifoliyo yemali .
I-S & P 400 Index
I-S & P Midcap 400, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-S & P 400, isalathisi esinezibalo zase-US kwinqanaba eliphakathi. Ngokwe-Standard & Poor's website, "i-S & P MidCap 400® inikezela abatyalo-mali ukuba babe nekhenkco kwiinkampani eziphakathi. I-index ibandakanya ngaphezulu kwe-7% yemarike yokulingana yase-US, kwaye ifuna ukuhlala isilinganisi esifanelekileyo seenkampani eziphakathi, ezibonisa iimpawu zobungozi kunye nokubuyisela iimpawu zendawo yonke ebanzi phakathi kwexesha eliqhubekayo. "
Ngokutsho kweMasta , "uluhlu lwentengo ephakathi" luvela kwi-$ 200 yezigidi ukuya kwi-5 billion yexabiso lemarike. Oku kunokuvakala okukhulu kodwa iinkampani aziwazanga ngokubanzi kude zifike kumanqaku ayizigidi ezigidi. Ukujonga kunye nokuthelekisa, iifowuni zentsimbi zentsimbi zingabandakanya ezinye iinkampani onokuziva, ezifana ne-Whole Foods Market, kanti inkampani enkulu, njenge-Wal-Mart, inkulu kakhulu kwi-capitalism (i-$ 230 yezigidigidi ngo-2012). Iinkampani ezincinci zentengo aziwaziwa ngokubanzi.
I-MSCI Indexes
I-MSCI ingumxholo we-Morgan Stanley Capital Investments. Kukho amanqaku amaninzi e-MSCI, asetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengemilinganiselo yokusebenza kweefowthifoli zangaphandle .
Iimali eziphezulu zeMSCI ziquka:
- I-MSCI ACWI: I- ACWI isigama esichaza yonke iNkcazo Yehlabathi Yelizwe. I-MSCI ACWI ihlanganisa i-securities engaphezu kwama-9,000 kuwo onke amanqanaba amakhulu kunye neeklasi kunye namacandelo amacandelo nakwiimakethe eziphuhlisiweyo kunye nezikhulayo.
- I-MSCI EAFE: Iyakwamkela ngokubanzi njengendlela yokuthengisa iimveliso zehlabathi, i-EAFE isichazizwi esithetha iYurophu, i-Australasia neMpuma Ekude. I-Index ye-MSCI EAFE ibanzi lamaqela angama-21 kwilizwe ngalinye elibandakanya amaninzi kwiimarike ezinkulu zehlabathi.
- Ihlabathi leMSCI: Le ngcaciso ibandakanya ukugcinwa kweemali ezingaphezu kwe-1,600 kumazwe athuthukileyo kuwo wonke umhlaba, ngoko ke igama. Le nkcazo iphinde ihlanganise i-United States ukwenzela abatshali-zimali base-United States, i-MSCI World ayikho inkcazo yangaphandle yesitokhwe yangaphandle kuba iquka iimpahla ezininzi zasekhaya zase-US.
- I-MSCI Isiqratho Isiqulatho: Ukuba ubona igama elithi "IL" longezwe kwigama lenkcazo, lithetha ukuba isalathisi ibhalwe kwimali yendawo. Ukuba ubona "i-DM" imilinganiselo yokuphuhlisa iMakethe kwaye xa ubona "EM" ithetha iMakethe ephumayo.
I-Barclays I-Capital Aggregate Bond Index
I-Barclays Capital Capital Aggregate Bond Index, eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-BarCap Ahlanganiswe," ibonakaliso esibanzi ngokubambisa iingxowaniso ezininzi ze-US kunye nezinye iibhondi zangaphandle ezithengiswa kwi-US I-BarCap Udidi lwaye lwaziwa ngokuba yiLehman Brothers Aggregate Bond Index.
Abatyalomali banokubamba intsebenzo yemarike yebhanki ngokubanzi ngokutyalomali kwi- index index market.
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi olukule ndawo lunikezelwa ngeenjongo zengxoxo kuphela, kwaye akufanele lichazwe ngokungeniswa njengeengcebiso zotyalo-mali. Ngaphandle kweemeko ngaba le nkcazelo ibonisa isincomo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iziqinisekiso.