Iyintoni i-Mutual Fund?
Iyintoni i-Mutual Fund?
Uvile ngeengxowa-mali kunye kwaye uvile ukuba bangabakho utyalo-mali ngokubanzi malunga nawuphi na utyalomali. Kodwa yiyiphi enye imali ekudibaniselwano kunye kwaye isebenza njani?
Iimali zengxowa-mali zizintlobo zotyalo-mali ezithandwa kakhulu kwi-investor yansuku zonke. Ngoba? Ngenxa yokuba i-investments elula ukuyiqonda kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa-ngeendlela ezininzi, "utyalo-mali". Enyanisweni, ukuba awunayo enye yezigidi zabantu abanini-zimali ezixhaswa ngemali, kufuneka kuphela uthathe imizuzu emibini okanye emithathu ngosuku lwakho ukufunda eli nqaku uze ulungele ukuqalisa ukutshala imali.
Ukongezelela ukuba lula ukutshala imali kwiimali ezihlangeneyo akuyona nje into ekhangayo kubatyalo-mali bokuqala; ukufikeleleka, ukuchaneka kunye nesakhiwo esilula ngokubanzi senkxaso-mali esenza ukuba izithuthi ezinamandla zityalo zonke iintlobo zotyalo-mali, kuquka iinkonzo ezifanelekileyo, kwaye zifanele ukulungiselela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokulondoloza kunye neenjongo zokutyalomali, kuquka ikholeji kunye nomhlalaphantsi.
Ngoko ke ngaphandle kokunye ukuqhubeka, nantoni na ukuba uyazi malunga neemali ezihlangeneyo ukuze uqale utyalo-mali. Kwaye ukuba usuvele utyalo-mali, le nto ingaba yinkqubo ehlaziyileyo yolu hlobo kulona hlobo olunamandla kodwa olulula:
Inkcazelo yeMutual Fund
Ingxowa-mboleko yokhuseleko lotyalo-mali olwenza ukuba abatyali-mali baqokelele imali yabo ndawonye kunye nolo-mali olulawulwayo olulodwa. Iimali zengxowa-mali ziya kufaka imali kwiimpahla, izibhonkco, imali okanye ukudibanisa ezo zinto. Iintlobo zezokhuseleko ezisemgangathweni, ezibizwa ngokuba ngama- holdings , zidibanisa ukwakha enye inkxaso-mali, ebizwa ngokuba yi- portfolio .
Ngokwemigqaliselo elula, iimali ezifanayo zifana neebhasikiti. Inqabileyo nganye ineentlobo ezithile zeempahla, iibhondi okanye umxube wee-stocks kunye nezibophelelo zokudibanisa i-portfolio eyodwa.
Ngokomzekelo, umtyalomali othenga i-fund ebizwa ngokuba yi-XYZ International Stock uthengisa ukhuseleko olulodwa lotyalo - inqabileyo-ephethe amaninzi okanye amakhulu amasheya avela kwihlabathi lonke, ngoko ke i-moniker "yamazwe ngamazwe".
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba umtyalo-mali akasenayo i-securities esezantsi-iimpahla-kodwa kunoko ukubonakaliswa kwezi ziqinisekiso; abatyali-mali bathatha izabelo zeengxowa-mali zentsebenziswano, kungekhona izabelo zabanikazi. Umzekelo, ukuba ingxowa-mali ethile iquka inxaxheba yesitokisi ku-Apple, Inc. (AAPL) phakathi kwamanye amashishini ephothifoliyo , umtyalo-mali ohlanganyelanayo akayithandi ngqo i-Apple stock.
Kunoko, umtyalo-mali ohlangeneyo unesabelo seengxowa-mali. Nangona kunjalo, umtyalomali unokuncedisa ngokuxabisa izabelo kwi-AAPL.
Ekubeni iimali zengxowa-mali zingabamba amakhulu okanye amawaka eempahla okanye izibophelelo, zichazwa njengezityalo-mali. Ingcamango yokwahlukana ifana nombono wamandla kumanani. Ukuchithwa kuncedisa umtyalomali kuba kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wemarike kuthelekiswa nokuthenga izithenjwa ngabanye.
Izinzuzo zeMual Funds
Ukufingqa, iingenelo zeemali zengxowa-mali zingachazwa ngamagama amane-lula, ukuchaneka, ukuhlukahluka kunye nokufikeleleka:
- Ukulula: Uninzi lwabatyalomali abanalo ulwazi, ixesha okanye izibonelelo zokwakha iphothifoliyo yabo yamasheya kunye nezibophelelo. Abathengi bemali bahlala benolwazi olubanzi lohlalutyo oluphambili okanye uhlalutyo lobugcisa . Nangona kunjalo, ukuthenga amashishini e-mutual fund kwenza umnini-mali ukuba abe neepotfoliyo eziphathekayo, ezihlukeneyo, nangona utyalo-mali angenalo ulwazi oluthile okanye olungenalo ulwazi lweendlela zokutyalomali kunye nezicwangciso. Iimali zengxowa-mali zilawulwa ngokusemthethweni, oko kuthetha ukuba umtyalomali akadingi ulwazi lokutyalomali kwiimarike ezinkulu ukuze baphumelele nabo.
- Ukwahlukahlukana: Bonke abatyalo-mali, abaqalayo kunye nabaqhelana ngokufanayo, bayazi ukuba ukubeka onke amaqanda abo kwibhaksi enye kubulumko. Oku kuthetha ubulumko beendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nemali . Ukudibanisa nge-stocks, umtyalo-mali unokufuna ukuthenga i-20 okanye ngaphezulu ukufumana ulwahlulo olwaneleyo. Nangona kunjalo, imali edibeneyo idibeneyo inikezela ngokugqithiseleyo ngokupheleleyo kwokhuseleko olulodwa oluya kuthengwa lula. Ngako oko, umtyalo-mali ohlangeneyo angakwazi ukuphula imithetho yeeqanda-in-one-basketball kunye nemali yokubambisana, ubuncinane xa uqala, kwaye wongeza ezinye iimali ezixhasayo emva kokunyusa ulwahlulo kwii-portfolio zemali. Ukufumana okungakumbi ngale ngcamango, qiniseka ukuba ufunde iqaku lethu malunga nendlela yokuqalisa ukutyalomali ngengxowa-mali eyodwa .
- Ukungafani: Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeemali ezixhaswa ngabathengi-mali ukuba banokufikeleleka phantse nayiphi na inxalenye yentengiso. Ngokomzekelo, iimali zecandelo zenza ukuba abatyali-mali bakwazi ukuthenga kwiindawo ezijoliswe kuyo kwiimarike, ezifana nokunakekelwa kwezempilo, iteknoloji, iimali, kunye neendaba zentlalo. Ngaphandle kweemali zecandelo, abatyali-mali banokufikelela kwezinye iintlobo zee-asethi, ezifana negolide, i-oyile kunye nezinye izinto zendalo. Ezi zinto zintsebenziswano zingasetyenziselwa utyalo oluthe gqolo njengoko iphothifoliyo ye-investor ikhula. Abaphathi bemali abaqeqeshiweyo basebenzisa iimali zecandelo kule njongo ekwakheni iiphothifoliyo zabathengi.
- Ukufikeleleka: Ngokuncinci i-$ 100 umtyalo-mali unokuqalisa ukutyalo-mali ngemali. Yaye inyaniso yokuba iimali zombambiswano zibamba inqwaba, amakhulu, okanye amawaka eminye i-securities, umtyalo-mali unako ukufikelela kuyo yonke imarike yeziqinisekiso zokugcina imali. Ngokomzekelo, utyalo-mali uthengisa amasheya kwelinye leengxowa-mali zeemali zentengiso ye-stock market , ukufumana ukufikelela kwiimpahla ezingaphezu kwama-3,000 kwi-fund eyodwa. Oku kubuya kwi-simplicity and diversification of funds . Nangona utyalo-mali kunye nezicwangciso eziqhelekileyo zifundiswa ezikolweni, u- zimali oqalayo unokufumana iingcebiso ezilula malunga nendlela yokuthenga iimali ezithengileyo kwi-intanethi okanye kwii-bookstores kwaye uqalise ukutyalomali kwiimitha okanye nje iiyure ezimbalwa.
Iintlobo eziSiseko zeMali eziManyeneyo
Kukho amawaka eengxowa-mali zobudlelwane kwizinto zendalo-mali kodwa ziyakwazi ukwahlula kwiintlobo ezimbalwa kunye nezigaba zemali . Iintlobo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zengxowa-mali zidibeneyo ziimali ze-stock and bond bond. Ukusuka apho, iindidi zemali zifumana ngakumbi ezizodwa kunye ezihlukeneyo.
Ngokomzekelo, iimali zesikhwama zingaphinda ziphule zibe ziintlobo zentlupheko zentengo-mali- encinci, i-cap-cap, kunye ne-cap-cap. Zibandakanywa ngokubanzi ngokubanzi okanye ukukhula, ukubaluleka, okanye ukukhula kunye nengeniso. Amasheya angabalwa njengamazwe ngamazwe, amazwe ngamazwe okanye angaphandle, onke ayenenjongo efanayo.
Iimali zeBond zixhomekeke ngokukodwa ngobudeni beebhondi, ezichazwa njengexesha elifutshane, ixesha eliphakathi, okanye ixesha elide. Ziye zaphulwa zibe ngamacandelo amacandelwana amabhondi, iibhondi zikamasipala kunye neebhondi ze-US Treasury.
Uninzi lweentlobo zeengxowa-mali zentengiso zingathengwa njengemali yenkcazo , enokuthi ichazwe njengemali elawulwa ngokungapheliyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba umphathi weepotfoliyo akazithengi ngokuthe ngqo kwaye athengise iziqinisekiso kodwa kunxulumene neenkcukacha ze-index index, njenge-S & P 500 okanye i-Dow Jones Industrial Average. Abaqalayo baqala ngokuqala ngeyona ndlela yeyona mali yeyona ndlela iphezulu ye-S & P 500 .
Ukusuka apho, abatyali-mali bangafunda ngokubanzi malunga neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemali, njengalezo zikhankanyiwe apha, nendlela yokwakha iipotifoliyo zezimali ezihlangeneyo kuloo mali-mali. Iimali zekhompyutheni zihlala zinamakhulu amabamba kwaye zinikezela abatyalo-mali iimpawu ezibalaseleyo zeemali-mali ezilula, ukuhlukahluka kunye nezindleko eziphantsi.
Ukuqonda iMingcipheko yokuTyala imali kwiMual Funds
Amasheya, izibophelelo kunye nemali yokubambisana yonke into iquka inqanaba lomngcipheko wemarike, oko kukuthi ukuguqulwa kwexabiso okanye ukulahlekelwa yinqununu (imali oyibekele yona ekuqaleni).
Ngokomzekelo, unokutshala i-$ 1,000 iminyaka eyi-10 kwaye uphele nge-$ 950. Nangona ukufumana ukubuyiswa okungalunganga njengale minyaka engama-10 kunqabile kakhulu, kunokwenzeka. Kunengqiqo ukulindela umyinge wokubuya kwendawo ethile phakathi kwama-7 no-10 ekhulwini kwiimali-mali, okubandakanya imali yeempahla zengxowa-mali, kwixesha eli-10 okanye ngaphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ixesha elifutshane, elifana nomnyaka o-1, apho isikhwama sakho sakwa-stock fund singanqabana ngexabiso ngokumalunga nama-30 ukuya kuma-40 ekhulwini. Ngokufanayo, unokufumana iimali ezingaphezulu kwama-50% kunyaka owodwa.
Ngoko nokuba utyalomali kwisitokethi ngasinye okanye i-stock joint fund, kufuneka ube nokulindela okufanelekileyo malunga nendlela i- market market . Kwaye okubaluleke ngakumbi, njani uza kuthatha isigqibo ngokukhawuleza? Ngaba uza kuthengisa iimali zakho zobudlelwane xa belahlekelwa ngu-10% kwiinyanga ezintathu? Ngaphambi kokuba uqale utyalo-mali, kungcono ukufumana ingcamango yokunyamezela kwakho .
Ukuqalisa Ukutshala imali kwiMual Funds
Ukuba uyisomali-ntloko, konke okufuneka uyenze ngoku ufumanisa injongo yakho yokutyalomali, okungenzeka kube yikholeji okanye umhlalaphantsi, kwaye ukhethe imali engcono kakhulu. Ukuba unemivuzo engaphantsi kwama-3,000 ukutshala imali, kunokwenzeka ukuba kuya kufuneka uqale iphothifoliyo yakho kunye ne-fund eyodwa. Ukuba kunjalo, qiniseka ukuba ufunde inqaku lethu kwiimali ezidibeneyo zokubambisa abatyalo-mali .
Ngoku ulungele ukuqalisa ukutshala imali!