Inkqubo yeMetabolic
Ukutsalwa kwe-fermentation mhlawumbi kukufumanisa i-biotechnology yakudala yayaziwa kumntu. Amabhulebhu angabakho bonke umsindo, kodwa ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-10 000 edlulileyo uluntu lwavelisa ubhiya, iwayini, iviniga, kunye nesonka ngokusebenzisa i-microorganisms, ngokuyinhloko imvubelo.
I-yogurt yaveliswa ngendlela ye-lactic acid bacteria ebisi, kwaye izibumba zazisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ushizi, ukuhamba kunye newayini kunye nobhiya. Ezi nkqubo zininzi zisetyenziswa namhlanje ukuveliswa kokutya kwamhlanje. Nangona kunjalo, iinkcubeko ezisetyenzisiweyo namhlanje ziye zahlanjululwa, kwaye zihlala zihlanjululwa ngokofuzo, ukugcina iimpawu ezinqwenelekayo kunye nokuvelisa iimveliso eziphezulu.
Ukutya okuqulunqwe nguFermentation
Ukutya okuninzi oya kukutya imihla ngemihla kubalwa ngenkqubo yokuvumba, kubandakanywa oku kulandelayo.
- Ushizi
- Ukutya okuqukethe i-lactic acid, njenge-sauerkraut
- Yogurt
- Isonka esigwele isonka
Inkcazo eqhelekileyo yoFermentation
Intsholongwane eyaziwayo ngokuqhelekileyo yokutyalelwa "ukuguqulwa kweswekile ukuya kotywala (usebenzisa imvubelo) phantsi kweemeko ze-anaerobic, njengokuba kuveliswa ubhiya okanye iwayini, iviniga kunye ne-cider." Utyando luphakathi kweyona ndlela endala yendalo yezinto ze-biotechnology ezisetyenziswa ngumntu ukuvelisa iimveliso zokutya zansuku zonke.
Ukufika kweShishini lokuFuma
Ngowe-1897 ukufumanisa ukuba i- enzyme evela kwimvubelo inokuguqula iswekile ukuya kotywala iholele kwiinkqubo zoshishino kwiikhemikhali ezifana ne-butanol, i-acetone kunye ne-glycerol esetyenziswe kwimveliso yansuku zonke njenge-lighters, i-nail remover remover, kunye nesepha. Iinkqubo zentsimbi zisasebenza nanamhlanje kwimibutho ye-biotech yamaninzi, ngokuqhelekileyo ekuveliseni i-enzymes ekufuneka isetyenziswe kwiinkqubo zonyango, ukulungiswa kwemvelo kunye nezinye iinkqubo zoshishino.
Utyiliso kwi-Biotechnology
Kwihlabathi le-biotechnology, ukusetyenziswa kwekota kusetshenziselwa ukukhupha ukukhula kwezinto ezincinci ezenza ukutya, phantsi kweemeko ze-aerobic okanye ze-anaerobic.
Iitanki ze-fermentation (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-bioreactors) ezisetyenziselwa iinkqubo zendlela yokuqhumisa izitrafini, izitye okanye izitanku zeplastiki ezixhotywe ngeigraji (kunye nezicwangciso) ezilawula i-aeration, izinga lokuvutha, izinga lokushisa, i-pH kunye nezinye iipamitha zomdla. Units ingaba luncinane ngokwaneleyo kwizicelo eziphezulu zebhenki (5-10 L) okanye ukuya kwi-10,000 L kwisakhono sokwenza izicelo ezinkulu kwiimveliso zorhwebo. Iiyunithi zetyulo ezifana nalezi zisetyenziselwa kwishishini lokuxuba imveliso yokukhula kweendawo ezizodwa ezicocekileyo zebhaktheriya, iifungi kunye nembiliso, kunye nokuveliswa kwe-enzyme kunye neziyobisi.
Ukujonga i-Zymology
Ubugcisa bokufunda ukuvumba kuthiwa i-zymology okanye i-zymurgy. ULouis Pasteur, i-biologist yesiFrentshi kunye nomthi wamakhemikhali owaziwayo ngokufumanisa kwakhe ukunyusa kunye nomgaqo wokugonywa, wawungomnye wezymologists zokuqala. UPasteur obhekiselelwe ekutheni ukutsalwa "njengomphumo wobomi ngaphandle komoya."
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- UFermentation lwamaPhaka