Isitshi e-Bush kunye no-Obama ngaphandle kweClinton
E-United States, iCongress kufuneka ibhale umthetho ukudala le miqathango. UMongameli angaqalisa inkqubo, kodwa iCongress kufuneka ibhalile ize idlulise iindleko.
Inkomfa ineentlobo ezimbini zokuchitha.
Iyokuqala kukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yesikhokhelo senkcitho yonyaka. Inxalenye enkulu yenkcitho yokuqikelela isabelomali somkhosi.
I-Congress inokunyusa iintlawulo kwiinkqubo ezinyanzelisayo. Oku kunzima kakhulu kuba kufuna ukuba uninzi lwamavoti angama-62 kwi-Senate. Iiprogram ezinyanzelekileyo ziNkqubo yoKhuseleko loLuntu, iNkqubo yeMpilo kunye neenhlalakahle . Ngamanye amaxesha ezi ntlawulo zibizwa ngokuba yiintlawulo zokudlulisa. Kungenxa yokuba bafaka kwakhona imali evela kubahlawuli berhafu kwiindawo ezijoliswe kuzo. Kodwa kukho ubuncinane ukuhlawulwa kwentlawulo engengenxalenye yenkqubo efunekayo. Ukwandiswa kweenzuzo zokungasebenzi .
I-Congress kufuneka iphinde idlulise umthetho xa ifuna ukunciphisa irhafu. Kukho ezininzi iintlobo zerhafu. Ziquka iirhafu kwimali engenayo, iimali zentengo kunye negalelo. Inokunciphisa amashishini amancinci , iintlawulo zemirhumo kunye neerhafu zenkampani .
Injongo
Injongo yomgaqo-nkqubo wezemali ukunyusa ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwinqanaba lezoqoqosho .
Oku kuyadingeka ngexesha lesigaba sokuhlukana somjikelezo wezoshishino . Urhulumente ufuna ukunciphisa ukungabikho kwemisebenzi, ukwandisa iimfuno zabathengi kunye nokuphephelwa kwemali . Ukuba ukuhlaliswa kwemali sele kwenzeke, ngoko kufuneke ukuphelisa umnotho kunye nokuthintela uxinzelelo .
Ukwehla kweRhafu kwakhona kwenzeka ngexesha lesandiso somjikelezo wezoshishino.
Kungenxa yokuba umviwa ongu-mongameli unokuthembisa ngexesha lophulo. Ngethuba elizalisekisa isithembiso sakhe, ukunyuka kwemali kungapheli.
Ingaba isebenza kanjani
Umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali owandisiweyo ukwandisa inani lemali kuqoqosho. Ibeka imali engakumbi kwizandla zabathengi ukuba banike amandla amaninzi okuthenga. Isebenzisa uxhasomali , idlulisela iintlawulo kuquka iinkqubo zentlalontle , kunye neentlawulo zerhafu. Iyanciphisa ukungabikho kwemisebenzi ngokuqhelana nemisebenzi karhulumente okanye ukuqesha abasebenzi baseburhulumenteni abatsha. Zonke ezi nyathelo zandisa imfuno . Oko kutyhala imali yokuthenga umthengi, eqhuba malunga nama-70 ekhulwini loqoqosho. Ezinye iindawo ezintathu zomkhiqizo wangaphakathi welizwe ziyimali yokurhweba karhulumente, iintengo zangaphandle, kunye nokutyalomali kwezoshishino.
Ukwehliswa kwentlawulo yorhwebo kubeka imali engakumbi kwizandla zamashishini. Basebenzisa ityalo-mali abatsha kunye nabasebenzi. Ngaloo ndlela, ukutywa kweerhafu kudala imisebenzi . Kodwa ukuba inkampani sele ifumaneke ngemali eyaneleyo, ingasebenzisa iinqununu ukuthenga amasheya okanye ukuthenga iinkampani ezintsha.
Iingcamango zenkxaso-bucala yezoqoqosho zincoma ukunciphisa iirhafu zenkampani endaweni yeerhafu zerhafu. Oku kunika iikhampani iimali zokuqesha abasebenzi abaninzi. Ikhuthaza iintlawulo zentengo ephantsi ukwenzela ukwandisa utyalo-mali. Kodwa i -Curve Curve ithi lolu hlobo lwezoqoqosho olukhohlakeleyo lusebenza kuphela ukuba ireyithi zerhafu sele ziba ngama-50 ekhulwini okanye ngaphezulu.
U mzekelo
Ulawulo luka-Obama lwalusebenzisa umgaqo-nkqubo wokwandisa kunye noMthetho woThutho loQoqosho . I-ARRA yinqumle irhafu, iwandise iingeniso zengqesho kunye neeprojekthi zengqesho zoluntu. Ngonyaka ka-2010, waqhubeka ezininzi zezi nzuzo kunye nokucutshulwa kwentlawulo ka-Obama . Wandisa ukwanda kwemali . Konke oku kwenzekile ngelixa iirisithi zeerhafu zishiywe ngenxa yeengxaki zemali ka - 2008 . Kungenxa yoko ityala likazwelonke linyuka kakhulu phantsi kwe-Obama .
Ulawulo lwe- Bush lwalusebenzisa umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali ogqityiweyo wokuphelisa umnotho we-2001 . Ukunciphisa irhafu yentlawulo nge- EGTRRA , eyathumela isaphulelo sentela . Kodwa ukuhlaselwa kwamaphekula okwenzeka ngo - 9/11 kwathumela umnotho ekuhlaleni. UBush ukhulisa imali yokuchitha imali karhulumente kunye neMfazwe kwiNgcoko . Wagweba iirhafu zoshishino ngo-2003 kunye neJGTRRA . Ngo-2004, uqoqosho lwaluhle kakuhle, ngokungabikho kwemisebenzi kuma-5.4 ekhulwini.
Kodwa uBhangi waqhubeka nomgaqo-nkqubo wokunweba, ukwandisa inkcitho yezokukhusela ngeMfazwe e-Iraq .
UMongameli uJohn F. Kennedy wasebenzisa umgaqo-nkqubo wokunyuselwa wokukhuthaza uqoqosho ngaphandle koqoqosho lwama-1960. Wathembise ukuxhasa umgaqo-nkqubo kude kube sekudlulileyo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba lichaphazela njani ityala.
UMongameli uFranlin D. Roosevelt wasebenzisa umgaqo-nkqubo wokwandisa ukuphelisa ukuPhukisa koMkhulu . Ekuqaleni, kwakusebenza. Kodwa ke i-FDR iyancitshitshisa imali esitsha yokuchitha imali ukuze kugcinwe uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Oko kwavumela ukuCaluphazeleka ukuba kubuye kubonakale ngo-1932. URovelvelt wabuyela kumgaqo-nkqubo wezemali wokwandisa ukuza kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Ukusetyenziswa kwemali ekugqibeleni kwagqitywa ekugqibeleni.
Iinkonzo
Umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali owandisiweyo usebenza ngokukhawuleza ukuba kwenziwe ngokuchanekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, iindleko zikaRhulumente kufuneka zijoliswe ekuqesheni abasebenzi. Ukukhawuleza ukudala imisebenzi kunye nokunciphisa ukungasebenzi. Ukwehla kweRhafu kungafaka imali ezandleni zabathengi ukuba urhulumente angathumela i-rebate checkcks immediately.
Indlela ekhawulezayo yandisa imbuyekezo yokungasebenzi. Abangasebenziyo banokuchitha yonke idola abayifumanayo. Abo bakhonkco bemivuzo ephezulu bangasebenzisa izicucu zerhafu ukugcina okanye utyalo imali eyongezelelweyo. Oko akukhuthazi uqoqosho. Fumana ukuba kutheni inzuzo yokungabikho kwemisebenzi iyona nto ivuselelekileyo .
Okubaluleke kakhulu, umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali owandisayo uphinda umbuyiseli nokuzithemba kwezoshishino. Bakholelwa ukuba urhulumente uya kuthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo wokuphelisa umnotho. Oku kubaluleke ukuba baqale ukuchitha imali kwakhona. Ngaphandle kokuzithemba kwezo nkokeli, ukunyuka kwemali kungaba yintlungu . Wonke umntu uya kufaka imali yakhe phantsi kweemitha
Umxhasi
Ukunciphisa intela kunciphisa imali engenayo karhulumente. Oko kudala uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kwaye longeza oko kwongezwa kwityala . Ukwehla kweerhafu kufuneka kuguqulwe xa uqoqosho lubuyisela ukuhlawula ityala. Ngaphandle koko, ikhula kumanqanaba angenakulinganiswa. Kodwa, ukuguqulwa kweerhafu ngokuqhelekileyo kuyintlangano yezopolitiko engathandekiyo.
Urhulumente waseburhulumenteni wase-US akanayo umda wokuba uprinte imali . Iyakwazi ukuhlawula ilahleko ngokukhupha iindleko zeeNondyebo ezintsha , amanqaku kunye nezibophelelo . Ngenxa yoko, ityala likazwelonke li-$ 20 trillion. Oku ngaphezu kwelizwe elivelisa ngonyaka. Xa i- debt ratio ye-GDP isingaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-100, abatyali-mali bathatha ukhathazeka. Baya kuthengwa izibophelelo ezimbalwa, ukuthumela amazinga omdla ngaphezulu. Inganciphisa ukukhula koqoqosho.
Iipolitiki zivame ukusebenzisa umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali owandisiweyo ngenxa yezizathu ngaphandle kweyona njongo. Ngokomzekelo, banokuthi banqumle irhafu ukuba bavelele ngakumbi ngabavoti phambi kokhetho. Oku kubeka imeko engozini kuba baya kuvotelwa eofisini ukuba iinqununu zerhafu ziyachithwa.
Urhulumente kaninzi ukwandisa imali kwaye ihlawule irhafu nangona uqoqosho luqhuba kakuhle. Akufanelekanga ngenxa yokuba kudala amabhola . Oku kukhokelela ekuphumeni okungenangqondo kunye nesigaba sephambili somjikelezo wezoshishino . Xa i-bubble iqhuma, ufumana ukuchasana kunye nokunciphisa . Kubizwa ngokuba ngumjikelo wokujikeleza .
Inkcazo yokwandiswa kweNkqubo yeMali
Inkqubo yokwandisa isetyenziswe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunokuphambene kwayo, umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali . Kungenxa yokuba abavoti bathanda ukutsalwa kwentela kunye nezinye iinzuzo. Ngenxa yoko, izapolitiki ezisetyenziselwa ukusebenzisa umgaqo-nkqubo wokunyuselwa uphinde zonyulwe.
Urhulumente kunye noorhulumente basekuhlaleni base-United States banemithetho echanekileyo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Abayi kuchitha imali engaphezulu kokufumana kwabo irhafu. Esi siqeqesho esihle, kodwa sinciphisa amandla abameli bokukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho kwimpumelelo. Ukuba abanalo i-surplus esandleni, kufuneka banqunywe imali xa imali yokufumana irhafu iphantsi, nto leyo ibangela ukuba kubekho umonakalo. Oku kwenza ukuba ukukhula komnotho kube nzima.
Umgaqo-nkqubo wezoNgezelelweyo wezeMali kunye neNkqubo yeMali eyongeziweyo
Umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali wokwandisa xa i- bhanki enkulu yelizwe ikhula imali yokunikezelwa kwemali . Kusebenza ngokungezelele ukuthengwa kwamanzi ngokwemali. Inokuphinda isebenzise umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali , ophakamisa amaxabiso kunye nokuvimbela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso .
Umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali usebenza ngokukhawuleza kunomgaqo-nkqubo wezemali. Amavoti ase- Federal Reserve aphakamise okanye anciphise amaxabiso omrhumo weemali kwiintlanganiso ze- Federal Open Market Committee . Kungathatha malunga neenyanga ezintandathu ukwenzela i-percolate kwi-economic.