Umxube oPheleleyo phakathi koBugcisa noLuntu
ISweden iququzelele uqoqosho loqoqosho lwe-capitalist olukhuphisana kakhulu kunye nenkqubo yentlalontle kunye neyendalo yonke ebizwa ngokuba yiNordic Model. Ngomnotho wezohlukeneyo ophezulu kunye noqoqosho oluphezulu, abatyala-mali belizwe lonke banomdla kwi-stability yelizwe, ingakumbi ngexesha le-tech bubble ka-2001, ubunzima bezoqoqosho ngo-2008 , kunye nezinye iintlungu.
Uqoqosho lweSweden nokuKhula kweSweden
Uqoqosho lweSweden lwavela kwizolimo ukuya kwi-shishini ngexesha le-19 leminyaka. Ngama-1930, leli lizwe lalinomgangatho ophezulu kakhulu wokuphila kwihlabathi. Ilizwe lithatha indawo yokungathathi hlangothi phakathi kweemfazwe zehlabathi kunye nokuxhamla kwiimbobo zokulwa emva kwemfazwe, kodwa iqondo lokukhula kancinci kuma-1970 ukuya kuma-1990.
Ngama-1980, iSweden yaqala ukufumana indawo yokuhlala kunye ne-asethi yempahla yemali eqhutyelwa ukwanda ngokukhawuleza kokuboleka. Ezi ngxaki zagqithisa kwiingxaki zezoqoqosho ngo-1990, ezibangelwa ukulungiswa kwenkqubo yerhafu. Emva kokuwa, umkhiqizo welizwe lomhlaba wonke (GDP) wehla u-5% phakathi kuka-1990 no-1993, ngelixa ukungaqeshwa kwabasebenzi kwandiswe.
Ekugqibeleni urhulumente wathenga ii-asethi ezixakekileyo kwaye ingxaki yafika ekupheleni kwee-1990. Ukususela ngoko, uqoqosho lwaseSweden luye lwakhula lwaba liyesine ekhuphisana kakhulu kwihlabathi elinethemba elikhulayo lokukhula kwePGDP kunye nokunyuka kwexabiso lentengo, kubonga ngokuyinxalenye yokwenqaba ukudibanisa i-Union Monetary Union, eyaye yahlahlala ukususela ngo-2008.
Ukutshala imali eSweden nge-ETFs & ADRs
Indlela elula kakhulu yokutyalomali eSweden kukuthenga i -fund ye-exchange-exchangeed (ETF), enika ulwaphulo olukhawulezileyo kwindawo yokukhusela e-US. Ngama-dollar angaphezulu kwama-350 yezigidi zexabiso kunye nama-33 ahlukeneyo, i-iShares MSCI Sweden Index ETF (i-NYSE: EWD) ibonisa inketho ekhethwa kakhulu kubatyalomali abafuna ukuvezwa kwelizwe.
Ezinye i-ETF kunye nokuhlulwa kweSweden ziquka:
- FTSE Nordic 30 ETF (NYSE: GFX)
- I-S & P yamazwe ngamazwe aphuhlise i-Portfolio ephezulu ye-Beta (NYSE: IDHB)
- IYurophu i-SmallCap Dividend Fund (i-NYSE: DFE)
Abatyalomali abafuna ukufikelela ngokuthe ngqo kwiimpahla zakwaSweden bafuna ukuqwalasela iRepository Receipts (i-ADRs) yaseMelika, ezo ziqinisekiso ze-US ezithengiswayo ezilinganisa ukunyuka kwamasheya angaphandle. Uninzi lwe-ADRs yorhwebo kwiintengiso ezinkulu ze-US, njenge-NYSE, ngelixa abanye bathengisa ii-OTC Markets, njengama-Pink Sheets.
Ezinye i-ADR ezidumileyo zeSweden ziquka:
- Ericsson (NASDAQ: ERIC)
- AB Volvo (Iifomati zePlayiti: VOLVY)
- I-Atlas Copco AB (iifomati zePlayiti: ATLKY)
Iinzuzo kunye neengozi zokutshala imali eSweden
ISweden inikela abatyali-mali ubuchule obunzulu bezobukhulu-zanamhlanje obuye basinda ekuhlahlokeni kwezoqoqosho ezininzi ukususela ngo-1990. Kodwa nangona kukho ukusebenza okunzima, kukho iingozi ezininzi ukuba abatyala-mali behlabathi belizwe kufuneka baqaphele ngaphambi kokuba benze imali.
Izinzuzo zokutyalomali eSweden ziquka:
- UQoqosho loPhuhliso lwezeMali . ISweden ine-economicististist economy ekhuphisana kakhulu enezindlu ezininzi kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo.
- Umngcipheko ophantsi weNkcitho yeMatyala. Isilinganiso seSweden -to-GDP sisigxina kakhulu, kunye noorhulumente basebenza ngokugqithisileyo malunga nonyaka ukususela ngo-1998.
Izingozi zokutyalomali eSweden ziquka:
- IiNkonzo eziManyeneyo . I-70% yabasebenzi baseSweden bayamanyaniswa, enokubangela iingxaki kwezinye i-ADR ezidumileyo.
- IiNzuzo zeNtlalontle . ISweden iyaziwa ngokugcina izibonelelo zentlalontle eninzi, esebenze ngoku, kodwa inokubangela ingxaki ngokukhula kwePGP.
Iingongoma ezibalulekileyo zokukhumbula
- ISweden iququzelele uqoqosho lwezoqoqosho lwentengo-ntlanzi ekhuphisana kakhulu nenkqubo yentlalontle kunye neyendalo yonke ebizwa ngokuba yiNordic Model, okwenza kube yithuba elikhetheke kakhulu kubatyalo-mali bamazwe ngamazwe.
- Indlela elula yokutshala imali eSweden kukuthenga iShares MSCI Sweden Index ETF (i-NYSE: EWD), ngelixa abatshali-mali abanokuqala banokuqwalasela enye ye-ADR ezininzi.
- Zininzi iinzuzo kunye neengozi abafaki-zimali bamazwe ngamazwe kufuneka baqwalasele ngaphambi kokutshala imali eSweden.