Yintoni i-ADR?
AmaRiphabliki aseMerika, okanye i-ADR, enye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu kwiikethi zetyala lomhlaba wonke. Ukuze sibone isizathu sokuba, makhe siqwalasele umzekelo olandelayo.
Yithi unomdla wokutshala imali eFransi . Enye indlela ukuvula i-akhawunti ye-brokerage eParis, tshela imali ngaphaya kwayo, guqula iidola zakho kwi- Euros , uze ufike kuthengwa kwiimpahla zesiFrentshi. Ukuthetha okuncinane, oku kuya kuba yinkqubo enzima kunye nexesha.
Yaye umgcini-mali wakho uya kukuthiya ngexesha lokurhafu.
I-ADR zenzelwe ukuqeda ezi ntlupheko. I-ADR yokhuseleko olumela ubunini bezabelo zenkampani yangaphandle. Xa uthengisa i-ADR, wena ngokwakho ungenayo isitoreli sangaphandle . Kunoko, unomxholo wephepha elikuvumela ukuba ube nesabelo esinye okanye ngaphezulu kwesitokhwe sangaphandle esabanjelwe egameni lakho kwibhanki ye-deposit.
I-ADR yokuqala yenziwa ngo-1927 nguJP Morgan, ukuvumela abaseMerika ukuba batyalwe kwizabelo ze-Selfridges, ivenkile yesebe yaseBrithani . Namhlanje kukho i-ADRs engaphezu kwe-2,200, emele izabelo zeenkampani ezisezweni ezingaphezu kwama-70. Ibhanki yaseNew York, iJPMorgan, i-Deutsche Bank kunye neCitigroup ziphakathi kweebhanki eziphambili ze-deposit, ezidala kunye nokukhupha i-ADR.
Udumo lwe-ADR luye lwadlula iminyaka ngenxa yokuba zinemivuzo eyahlukeneyo ebhenkco kubatyalimi abancinci kunye nabaphathi bezemali ngokufanayo.
Kule nqaku, siza kujonga ezinye iingongoma eziphambili kunye neempembelelo ezinxulumene nee-ADR ukuba abatyali-mali behlabathi kufuneka baqwalasele ngenyameko ngaphambi kokuba benze imali.
Izibonelelo ze-ADR
AmaRiphabliki aseMelika anamaxabiso aneenzuzo ezininzi ezenza ukuba kubekho ithuba elifanelekileyo lokuba abatyalo-mali bamazwe ngamazwe, kuquka:
- Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa: i-ADR ingathengwa kwaye ithengiswe njengezabelo ze-IBM okanye i-Coca-Cola.
- Umthengisi ofanayo: Awudingi i-akhawunti yomthengisi yangaphandle okanye umthengisi omtsha; ungasebenzisa umrhwebi ofanayo oqhele ukujongana nayo.
- Ixabiso lentengo yeDola: Amanani kwi-ADR acatshulwe kwiidola zase-US, kwaye izahlulo zihlawulwa ngeedola.
- Iiyure zemarike eziqhelekileyo: ii-ADR zorhwebo ngexesha lamaxesha eemarike zase-US kwaye zixhomekeke kwiinkqubo ezifanayo zokucoca kunye nokuhlaziywa njengama-stocks aseMelika.
- Ukwenza ngokwezifiso: Unokwenza i-portfolio yakho ngokwezifiso, kodwa uyayithanda, kuxhomekeke kumaphi amazwe okanye kumacandelo onomdla kuwo.
Iingxaki ze-ADR
Ngomqondiso ofanayo, ii-ADR zinemiqathango ebalulekileyo kunye neengxaki, eziquka:
- Ukukhethwa okuncinciweyo: Azikho zonke iinkampani zangaphandle ezikhoyo njenge-ADR. Ngokomzekelo, i-Toyota Toyota Motor ine-ADR, kodwa i - BMW yaseJamani ayikho.
- Ubutyebi: Uninzi lweenkampani zineenkqubo ze-ADR ezifumanekayo, kodwa ezinye zithengiswa kakhulu.
- Ingozi yokutshintshisa izinga: Nangona ii-ADR zithengwa kwiidola, ngenxa yokulungelelanisa, utsalo-mali lwakho luyabonakala ngokunyuka kwexabiso leemeko zangaphandle.
- Ngenxa yokuba ii-ADR zinjenge-stocks, kufuneka uzithenge ngokwaneleyo ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukwahluka okwaneleyo. Ngoko ukuba awunayo imali eyaneleyo yotyalo-mali ukusabalala ngeenxa zonke, tshela ama-25 ukuya ku-30 ADR (okanye ngaphezulu), awuyi kuba nakho ukwenza iphothifoliyo eyahlukeneyo ngokwenene.
Ezinye izinto
AmaRiphabliki aseMelika anamaxabiso anemiba ehlukileyo eyahlukileyo ngokumalunga neempahla ezingaphandle okanye izitokisi zaseMzantsi Afrika ezibaluleke ngokufanayo ukuba ziqwalaselwe.
Ngokomzekelo, kukho umehluko omkhulu kwiindlela iintlawulo ezihlawulwe kwizabelo . Njengemali yase-US, izabelo zihlawulwa kwi-US ngokungafani neempahla zase-US, izahlulelo zingaphantsi kweentlawulo kwilizwe lekhaya leenkampani (nangona zivame ukuba zigcinwe ngokuzenzekelayo ngumxhasi). Abatyalomali bangakhetha ukufaka iitaliti kwiirhafu zabo zase-US okanye bafake isicelo sokubuyiselwa imali ngaphandle kwelinye ilizwe ukuphepha ukuhlawulwa kabini.
Ngaphambi kokuba utyalomali kwi-ADRs, unokufuna ukubonisana nomcebisi wezezimali kunye nomcebisi weerhafu ukuqonda impembelelo kwipotfoliyo yakho.
Ixesha lokusebenzisa i-ADR
Emva kokuba unamanye amava angamazwe ngamazwe otyalo-mali phantsi kwebhanti yakho, i-ADR ingaba sisixhobo esinamandla sokwenza iifomfolio yakho okanye ukwenza utyalo-mali olujoliswe kwiinkampani ezithile, amacandelo namazwe.
Ukuguquguquka kwemvelo kunokubangela ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abatshali bexabiso bafune ukwandisa ukufikelela kwabo kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe kunokuba bakwazi ukufikelela kwiimpahla ezikhoyo zasekhaya.
Kodwa ukuba uqala nje utyalo-mali lwamazwe ngamazwe, kulula ukuba unamathele kunye ne-ETFs yamazwe ngamazwe omhle uze uqonde ngokucacileyo izinto ezisiseko.