Inqobo yeBhanki yeMali yeMgaqo-nkqubo kunye neMpembelelo yayo kuMakethi
Kule meko, abatyali-mali baye banikwe ukhetho lokubeka iintlobo ngeebhanki eziphambili , kuba zinexabiso lentlawulo endaweni. Ngokomzekelo, umtyalomali obambe isabelo sesicatshulwa esibanzi semali unokufumana uhlobo lwesigunyaziso esivela kwibhankini enkulu ukuba isitokhi asiyi kuhlahla ngaphasi kwe-20%, kuba ukuba ngaba kunjalo, ibhanki ephakathi ingenelela kwizinga elincinci lenzalo ukukhuthaza ukulingana kwamanani. Kwakungenaso isiqiniseko sangempela sebhanki ephakathi, kodwa umzekelo wawunele ukwanda kwabatyalimi abaninzi.
Indlela iBhanki Yentloko ikwenza ngayo Umsebenzi
Iibhanki eziMbindi zinamanani ahlukeneyo athatywayo abenzelwe ukuchaphazela amazinga omyinge kwaye oko kuyachaphazela amaxabiso asethi. Ukususela kwiingxaki zezoqoqosho zango - 2008 , esi sixhobo sithe sanda ukuba sikhethe okukhethwa kukho ukuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amanani entengo. Ngokomzekelo, i-US Federal Reserve yaqala ngokuthe ngqo ukuthenga iimali zokuhlala kunye noNondyebo ngexesha lokuhla kwezomnotho ukunyusa amaxabiso kunye nokuthengwa kwezi zinto ngexesha leengxaki.
Izixhobo eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwimigaqo-mali ziquka:
- Ukubonelela ngemali. Iibhanki eziphambili zingathengisa amabhondi karhulumente ukwenzela ukwandisa imali yokubonelela ngemali okanye ukuthengisa ngawo ukunciphisa imali yokunikezelwa kwempahla kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba yimisebenzi yemarike evulekileyo. Utshintsho lwemali, kwaye, luchaphazela amazinga omyinge we-interbank.
- Umgangatho wenzala. Iibhanki eziMbindi zinokubeka ngokukhawuleza amaxabiso enzala, njengama-US ngobunini bentengo yebhanki yebhanki, ukulawula imfuno yemali. Ixabiso lentlawulo ephakamileyo ngokubanzi lilingana nokufuna okungaphantsi kunye nangaphandle kwemilinganiselo ephantsi.
- Ukugcinwa kweBhanki. Iibhanki eziphambili zinokugunyaza inani lemali ukuba ibhanki zorhwebo kufuneka zibambe njengendawo yokugcina impahla, ngaloo ndlela zithintele ukunikezelwa kwemali ngendlela engathanga ngqo. Ukulinganiswa okuphezulu kwamanani okunciphisa imali yokunikezelwa kwemali kunye nendawo efanayo kwiirhasi eziphantsi.
- Ukukhawuleza kokuPhula. Iibhanki eziMbindi ziye zasebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo ukuthengwa kweempahla ezithile ukwenzela ukwandisa isiseko semali kunye nokubuyisela ukuthengiswa kwemali kwintengiso enye, njengemarike yemali yokuthenga imali e-US ngo-2008 no-2009.
Izingozi zokuziphatha kunye nezinye iingxaki
Iibhanki eziMbindi ziye zaxanduva lokulawula ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ngokunyusa amaxabiso omyinge ngemisebenzi yemakethe evulekileyo. Kodwa kungekudala, ezininzi iibhanki eziphambili zandise izigunyaziso zazo ukugxila endaweni yokukhula koqoqosho, umsebenzi kunye nokuzinza kwemali. Umphumo ukususela ngo-2008 ubunzima bezoqoqosho buninzi bezinga lentengo elincinci elenzelwe ukukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho kunye nokuphucula amaxabiso emisebenzi kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathini lonke.
Ingxaki kukuba le miyalelo ingabambisana kunye ngamanye amaxesha. Ngokomzekelo, ixabiso lentlawulo elincinci liye labangela ukuba kubekho ukutyala kwamatyala kumazwe amaninzi, kuba iinkampani kunye nabathengi bakhuthazwa ukuba bathathe ityala elingaphezulu. Ukukhukhula kwemarike ngemali engancinci kunokuba yinkinga xa ukukhula koqoqosho kubuyela emva kokuba ixabiso elingaphezu kwexabiso lingakhokelela ngokukhawuleza kumlinganiselo wokunyuka kwemali ngaphandle kokuba ilawulwe kakuhle ngokunyusa izinga lentengo ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Iibhanki eziphambili ziyakwazi nokuba ngumngcipheko wokuziphatha kuba abathathi-nxaxheba bezentengiso baya kuthatha ingozi enkulu yokuba iibhanki ziza kubakho iindleko ezihambelanayo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ibhanki ephakathi isebenzisa umgaqo-mali wexabiso ngemali nganye xa ixabiso lemali liwela kuma-15%, abatyali-mali kwimarike bangathanda ukubeka ingozi enkulu kuba bayazikhusela ngomgaqo-nkqubo wezemali. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, ezi ngxaki zingabangela ukungazinzi kwindawo yokuthengisa.
Imida kwiNkqubo yeMali
Ingxaki yenkxalabo yezoqoqosho ngo-2008 yehlabathi iqhubekele ekukhathazeni ngemida yemigaqo-mali yempembelelo kwizoqoqosho. Ngexesha elide leenzala eziphantsi-mali kunye neenkqubo zokuthenga izibophelelo ezikhoyo, kunokuba nemilinganiselo embalwa ekhoyo kwiibhanki eziphambili ukukhuthaza uqoqosho kunye nokubonelela ngexabiso lentengo.
Ngokukodwa, ingxaki ebalulekileyo emva kweengxaki zemali ka-2008 kuye kwaba ukungakwazi ukukhuphula umlinganiselo wamanani okanye ngaphezulu kwepesenti ezijoliswe kwipesenti e-United States.
Ukungabikho kwexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso kunabaninzi bezoqoqosho abachaphazelekayo ukuba ukubuyiswa koqoqosho akusasazekanga kwaye kunenzuzo kuwo wonke umntu. Kubatyalomali, oku kuthetha ukuba iimpumelelo zesikhathi esizezona zincinci kuncinci kunexesha lokubuyiswa okuqhubekayo okubandakanya umthamo wezempilo ophezulu.