Ulwaphulo lwezoRhwebo, ukuPhumela kweMali kunye nefuthe labo kwi-Investors

Oko abatshali-mali kufuneka bazi malunga nokulingana kwezorhwebo

Ihlabathi lezorhwebo liye lakhankanywa yonke into ekuqhubeni ukukhula koqoqosho lwehlabathi jikelele ukuqinisekisa ukuphakama kwexolo loxolo. I-Economists kwi-World Trade Organisation ("I-WTO") inokuqikelela ukuba ukunciphisa izithintelo zorhwebo kwezolimo, ukuvelisa kunye neenkonzo ngekota yesithathu kuya kukhulisa uqoqosho lwehlabathi ngama-613 billion, ngoxa ukuhlanganiswa koqoqosho oluninzi kuye kwenza ukuba kubize kakhulu ukuba amazwe bhengeza imfazwe komnye nomnye.

Kule nqaku, siza kujonga indlela abononophelo abalinganisa ngayo urhwebo lwehlabathi lonke ilizwe, ngokuthelekisa amazwe angaphandle kumazwe angaphandle.

Ziziphi iingxaki zokurhweba kunye neengxowankulu?

Amazwe ehlabathi anokwahlukana ngokubanzi kumazwe angenisa amazwe angaphandle kunye namanani angenisa amazwe, ngokusekelwe kwi- balance balance of payments okanye kwi-export export net. Lesi sibalo sibalwa ngokungongeza inani elipheleleyo lexabiso lemveliso engeniswa ngaphandle neyithunyelwa ngaphandle, inzala yangaphandle kunye nokudluliselwa kwemali - eyaziwa njenge- akhawunti yangoku - ukuguqulwa ngokupheleleyo kwi-yangaphandle kunye nepropati yobunini basekhaya - eyaziwa njenge- akhawunti yezimali- ukuza kunye umfanekiso opheleleyo.

Ezi zintlukwano zikhokelela kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba yizinto ezilahlekileyo zorhwebo kunye nezidlulileyo:

• Ulwaphulo lwezorhwebo - Ukulahleka kwezorhwebo kwenzeka xa ilizwe lingenisa iimveliso ezininzi kunokuba kuthengiswa ngaphandle. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba i-US yayingayifaka impahla eyi-$ 800 yeebhiliyoni kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle kwempahla eyi-$ 200 yezigidi, kuya kuba ne-$ 600 yeebhiliyoni zeentengiso.

• Ulwabiwo-shishino - Ulwabiwo-shishino lwenzeka xa ilizwe liphuma ngaphandle kweemveliso ngaphandle kokungenisa. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba i-China yayingayithumela imali eyi-1 trillion yempahla kwaye ingenise impahla engama-200 bhiliyoni kuphela, ibe ne-$ 800 yezigidi zeevenkile zorhwebo.

Kubalulekile ukugcina engqondweni ukuba ukulahleka kwezorhwebo kunye neentsikelelo kunokufuna uphando olungaphantsi komhlaba, kwakhona.

Ngokomzekelo, i-Economist ibonisa ukuba i-iPad yeAppi ithunyelwa esuka e- China kunye neendleko zokuvelisa i-$ 275 zokubala njengexabiso lokurhweba kwi-US Nangona kunjalo, ininzi yeenzuzo ihamba ngokuya kwi-Apple Inc, inkampani yase-US, ngelixa ixabiso Ukongezwa kumsebenzi waseChina ulingana ne-10 kuphela yeendleko zokuvelisa i-$ 275.

Iimpembelelo zeeNkcitho zoRhwebi kunye nokuPhepha

Ulwaphulo lwezorhwebo kunye neendleko zinefuthe elikhawulezayo kwizibonakaliso ezibalulekileyo zezoqoqosho, kubandakanya izinto ezibalulekileyo ezifana nomkhiqizo wekhaya ("GDP"). Nangona kunjalo, la manani kufuneka acatshangelwe ngaphakathi kwimeko yobukhulu belizwe. Ngokomzekelo, i-US inokuba ne-intsile enkulu yezorhwebo, kodwa ekubeni ezininzi iimpahla kunye neenkonzo zayo ziveliswa kwaye zithengiswa ngaphakathi ekhaya, le ntsilelo yezorhwebo ayinayo impembelelo enkulu kwi-GDP yayo yonke.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, abatyali-mali kufuneka bahlawule ingqwalaselo elisondeleyo kwi-akhawunti yangoku njengepesenti ye-GDP, kuba ibonisa inombolo ye-akhawunti yangoku ngokumalunga nokuveliswa koqoqosho jikelele. Imilinganiselo yezorhwebo kufuneka ilinganiswe ngokulingana kweli dola elilingeneyo lokutshala imali ngokuthe ngqo ukugcina amandla okuthenga umhlaba jikelele. Ukuba i-akhawunti yangoku ilahlekile njengepesenti ye-GDP kunye ne-FDI ayinakulinganisa ahlukeneyo, ilizwe linokuthi libangele inkathazo.

Ukugqithiswa kwezorhwebo kunokuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukubukela kumazwe athembele kumazwe angaphandle ukuqhuba ukukhula koqoqosho, kwakhona. Ngokomzekelo, amazwe angaphandle okuthumela amafutha angathembela kwiivenkile zokurhweba ukuxhasa iiprogram zoluntu okanye iimali zengxowa-mali . Ukunciphisa amaxabiso eoli kungakhokelela ekugqibeleni kweentengiso kunye nobunzima obukhulu kwiimali zikawonkewonke. Kwaye kwezinye iimeko, ezi ziganeko zingakhokelela kwimingcipheko ephakamileyo yezopolitiko kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo.

Ngaphantsi

Ulwaphulo-mali kunye neendleko ezidlulileyo zidlala indima ephambili kwiimarike zomhlaba-ikakhulukazi kwiinkxaso-mveliso ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ngaphandle kweevenkile. Abatyalomali kufuneka baqikelele ingozi ehambelana nokuphungulwa kweentengiso eziqhubekayo kunye nokunciphisa intengiso yezinto ezidlulileyo, ezinokunciphisa amandla okuthenga umhlaba jikelele kwaye zikhokelela kwimingcipheko ephezulu yezopolitiko, ngokulandelanayo. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukugcina engqondweni ukuba ukulahleka kwezorhwebo kunye neentsilelo ezingabalulekanga kumazwe athuthukile apho kubhalwa iqela elincinane leGDP.