Utyalo-mali oluPhezulu lwangaphandle kunye noko kuthetha ukuthini kubarhwebi
Kubatyalomali bamazwe ngamazwe, utsalo-mali olwangaphandle lwangaphandle ludlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu.
Ukukhula kweemarike eziphuhlisayo kuye kwabangelwa inxalenye enkulu ekutshalweni kwangaphandle kotyalo-mali olwangaphandle. Ngexesha elifanayo, iinkampani ezityala imali emazweni angaphandle ziyakwazi ukufikelela kwizinga eliphezulu lokukhula kunye nokwahlukana kweengeniso zabo, okudala amathuba otyalo-mali.
Iimpembelelo zeMacroeconomic zoTyalo-mali oluPhezulu lwangaphandle
Kunzima ukugqithisa ukubaluleka kokubanzi kwezoqoqosho kotyalo-mali olwangaphandle lwama-dollar ayi-1 trillion ekutshintshisweni kwamandla ngo-2010 kuphela. Nangona ezi mali zidla ngokuphucula ilizwe eliphambili, kukho iindawo ezincinci ezingaphinda ziphumelele. Oko kwathiwa, amanqanaba azinzileyo otyalo-mali olwangaphandle angenayo ngokuqhelekileyo abonwa njengophawu lwezoqoqosho olusempilweni kubatshali- mali behlabathi .
Ezinye iingeniso eziphambili zotyalo-mali oluzeleyo ziquka:
- U qoqosho . Amazwe afumana utyalo-mali oluthe ngqo olusisiseko lwamazwe ahlala ekhula ngokukhula okukhulu kwezoqoqosho ngokuyivula kwiimarike ezintsha, njengoko kuboniswe kwiintlobo ezininzi zezoqoqosho.
- Ukudala Umsebenzi kunye neNgqesho . Uninzi lwabiwo-mali oluthe ngqo oluthile luklanyelwe ukwenza amabhizinisi amatsha kwilizwe eliphambili, elidla ngokuguqulela ekudalweni kwemisebenzi kunye nomvuzo ophezulu.
- UTshintsho lweTeknoloji Utyalo-mali olutyala oluqhelekileyo luvame ukuzisa ubuchwepheshe beklasi yehlabathi kunye nolwazi lobugcisa kumazwe asathuthukayo .
Nangona kunjalo, kukho iingxaki ezimbalwa:
- KwiSicwangciso-qhinga . Amazwe amaninzi akhusela amashishini athile, njengezokukhusela, ukususela kwiingxowa-mali ezithe ngqo ngaphandle kokugcina ukulawula kumaziko angaphandle.
- Ixesha elide loPhuhliso lweMali . Abanye abagxeki bathi xa utyalo-mali lwangaphandle luba nenzuzo, inkunzi iqala ukukhupha kwilizwe eliphambili kunye nelizwe lomtyalomali.
- Ukuphazamiseka Kwemveliso Yengingqi . Kukho inkxalabo yokuba utyalo-mali olwangaphandle lwanokuphazamisa imboni yendawo kunye noqoqosho ngokuheha abantu abalungileyo kunye nokudala ukungafani kwemali.
Kuba abatyali-mali bamazwe ngamazwe, ukufuna utyalo-mali kumazwe anotyalo-mali oluzinzileyo nolondolozayo lwangaphandle luyiqhinga elidumile. Ezi nqanaba zinokufumaneka kwiwebhusayithi njengeNkomfa yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kwiNtengiso noPhuhliso (UNCTAD).
Utyalo-mali oluPhezulu lwangaphandle kunye noTyalo-mali lwaMazwe ngamazwe
Utyalo-mali oluthile oluqhelekileyo ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinqanaba le-microeconomic. Iinkampani zasemzini ezandisa kwiimarike zangaphandle zingaqonda ukukhula okubalulekileyo. Ukongezelela, ukuvezwa kwelizwe elingaphezulu kweli lizwe kwandisa ukuhlukahluka . Kwiphepha le-flip, iinkampani zasemzini ezisebenzayo kwiimarike ezikhulayo zijoliswe kwiinjongo zentengiso-mali yangaphandle, ngokwenza amathuba otyalo-mali.
Omnye umzekelo omhle wokutshala imali ngokuthe ngqo kwamanye amazwe ngumbutho ohlangeneyo we-Suzuki Motor kwiIndiya ngokusebenzisa uMaruti Suzuki India Limited. Ekubeni i-joint venture yenziwe, inkampani iye yaba yinkokeli yemakethe kwimveliso yezimoto zaseNdiya. Kwaye ininzi yesigxina sikaSuzuki isusela kwii-billion kwiingeniso kwiminyaka.
Nazi ezinye izicwangciso zokutshala imali kwiinkampani ezisebenzayo kumafama atyala ngokuthe ngqo:
- Qaphela iMimiselo . Amanye amazwe alawula ukulawulwa kwamanyathelo angaphandle kunye nabarhwebi kwiinkampani zabo zasekhaya. Ngokomzekelo, ukusebenzisana kweTshayina kunye neenkampani zakwamanye amazwe ziyaziwayo ngokuba ziyinkimbinkimbi.
- Qaphela iingozi . Amanyathelo okubambisana kunye nokusebenza kwamandla, ngokukodwa, athandwa kakhulu kwiindawo ezizinzileyo eMerika naseAfrika. Abatyalomali kufuneka baqaphele umngcipheko wobuzwe, iingxabano zezombusazwe kunye nezinye iingxaki ezinokuvela.
- Ukuchithwa kuPhezulu . Iinkampani ezibandakanyekayo kwiityalo-mali ezizimeleyo ngaphandle kwemimandla eyahlukileyo ehlabathini jikelele zinikela ngokubanzi.
Iingcamango zokugqibela zoTyalo-mali lwangaphandle
- Utyalo-mali oluthe ngqo lwasemanye lungasetyenziselwa ngabatyalomali bamazwe ngamazwe kwinqanaba elibanzi kunye ne-microeconomic. Amazwe anomgangatho ozinzileyo kunye okhulayo otyalo-mali othe ngqo othe ngqo, zikhethwayo, ngelixa iinkampani ezityala kumazwe zihlala zizuza kwizinga eliphezulu lokukhula.
- Utyalo-mali oluthe ngqo lwasemanye amazwe lunemiqobo eninzi, nangona lusebenza ngokubanzi ekukhuthazeni ukukhula. Kwinqanaba elincinane, lingabangela iingxaki kwiimarike zomsebenzi zasekhaya zasekhaya kwaye zikhuphe i-capital in the long run. Kwinqanaba elincinci, utyalo-mali lunemiqobo emininzi ekufuneka iqwalaselwe ngenyameko.