Yiyiphi iCrisis Financial Crisis yaseAsia?

Iingxaki zeNkcazo zezeMali zaseAsia, iSigqibo, kunye nezifundo

I-Asia Financial Crisis ka-1997 yinkxalabo yezemali eyathintela amazwe amaninzi aseAsia, kuquka iNingizimu Korea , iThailand, iMalaysia , i- Indonesia , iSingapore kunye ne- Philippines . Emva kokuthumela ezinye zeendlela zokukhula ezithandekayo kwihlabathi ngelo xesha, oko kuthiwa "i-tiger economy" yabona iimarike zabo zentengiso kunye neengxowa-mali zalahlekelwa malunga nama-70% exabiso lawo.

Kule nqaku, siza kujonga izizathu zeengxaki zemali ze-Asia kunye nezisombululo ekugqibeleni zizisa ukubuyiswa, kunye nezinye izifundo kwizihlandlo zanamhlanje.

Izizathu zeCrisis Crisis Asia

Intlupheko yezeMali yaseAsia, njengeminye inkxwaleko yezemali ngaphambi nangemva kwayo, yaqala ngochungechunge lweebhola . Ukukhula koqoqosho lwamazwe okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuholele kumanqanaba aphakamileyo otyalo-mali olwangaphandle , okwangoku kukhokelela ekuveliseni ixabiso lempahla yexabiso, ukuchithwa kwemali yenkampani, kunye neeprojekthi ezinkulu zophuhliso loluntu - zonke ezixhaswa ngemali kakhulu ngenxa yokuboleka kakhulu kwiibhanki.

Kakade ke, abatyala-mali abalindelekileyo kunye nokuboleka lula kulula ukukhokelela ekunciphiseni umgangatho wotyalo-mali kunye nokusebenza ngokweqile kwangoko kwaqala ukubonisa kwezoqoqosho. I-United States Federal Reserve nayo yaqalisa ukunyusa izinga lamanqaku malunga nelo xesha ukulwa nokunyuka kwamaxabiso, okukhokelela ekungenisweni kwezinto ezingaphandle kwezinto ezithengiswayo (kubabo abaneemali ezixhomekeke kwidola) kunye notyalo-mali abangaphantsi kwamanye amazwe.

Ingqinamba yokubamba iqela kwakukuzaliswa ngabatyalomali baseThailand ukuba imakethi yepropati yayo ayilondolozekanga, eqinisekiswa yi-Somprasong Land kunye ne-Finance One yokutsalwa kwezimali kwi-1997.

Emva koko, abathengisi beemali baqala ukuhlasela i-peg ye-baht ye-Thai kwi-dollar yase-US, eyaphumelela kwaye imali ekugqibeleni yahamba kwaye yahlaziywa.

Ukulandela ukuhlaziywa kweemali, ezinye iimali zeAsia eziquka i-Malaysian ringgit, i-Indonesian rupiah, kunye ne-Singapore dollar zonke zafuduka ziphantsi.

Ezi ziphumo zikhokelela ekunyuseni kwamanani aphezulu kunye neengxaki ezininzi ezazisasazeka njengeSouth Korea neJapan.

Isisombululo kwiCrisis Financial Crisis Asia

I-Crisis Financial Crisis yaseAsia ekugqityiwe ixazululwe yi-International Monetary Fund (i-IMF), eyanikezela ngemali-mboleko eyimfuneko yokuzinzisa ezoqoqosho zaseAsia eziphazamisayo. Ekupheleni konyaka we-1997, intlangano yayenze ngaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-R10 000 kwiimali-mboleko ezifutshane kwiThailand, e-Indonesia nakwi-South Korea ukukunceda ukuzinzisa ukuqoqosho-ngaphezu kwembini imboleko enkulu kunazo zonke ngaphambili.

Ukutshintshiselwa ngemali, i-IMF ifuna ukuba amazwe anamathele kwiimeko eziqinileyo, kubandakanywa irhafu ephezulu, ukunciphisa iindleko zikawonkewonke, ubume bunyango bamashishini karhulumente kunye nemilinganiselo ephezulu yenzalo eyenzelwe ukupholisa uqoqosho olugqithiseleyo. Ezinye ezinye izithintelo ezifunekayo kumazwe ukuvala amaziko angabikho kwemali ngaphandle kokuxhalabela umsebenzi.

Ngo-1999, amaninzi kumazwe achaphazelekayo yiCrisis Financial Crisis yaseAsia abonise iimpawu zokubuyiswa kunye nokukhula okuphezulu kwemveliso yasekhaya (GDP). Amaninzi kumazwe abone iimakethi zabo zentengiso kunye nokuxabisa kwemali kuncitshiswe ngokuphawulekayo kumanqanaba angaphambi ko-1997, kodwa izisombululo ezibekiwe zibeka isigaba sokuhlaziya kwakhona kwe-Asia njengendawo yokutshala imali.

Izifundo zeCrisis Financial Crisis yaseAsia

I-Crisis Financial Crisis yaseAsia inezifundo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ezisebenzayo kwiziganeko ezenzekayo namhlanje kunye neziganeko ezinokwenzeka ukuba ziza kwenzeka kwixesha elizayo.

Nazi ezinye iindlela ezibalulekileyo zokuhamba:

• Ulwabiwo-mali lukaRhulumente- Ulawulo luchaza iindleko kwiiprojekthi zoluntu zophuhliso kunye nenkxaso-mali yamashishini abucala kumashishini athile abenegalelo ekubambeni kweempahla ezinokuthi zijongene neengxaki.
• Ukuphonononga kwakhona iiRhafu zokuTshintshisiswa koTshintsho - Iirhafu zokutshintshiselwa ngokutsha ziye zaphela, ngaphandle kwimeko apho zisetyenziselwa ikhekethi yee-currenti, ekubeni ukulungelelaniswa kunokufuneka kwiimeko ezininzi ukwenzela ukuphepha ingxaki efana nale.
• Ukukhathazeka nge-IMF - I-IMF yathabatha ukugxeka emva kwenkxalabo yokuba yomelele kwiimvumelwano zayo zemali-mboleko, ngokukodwa kwimpumelelo eqoqosho njengoMzantsi Korea. Ngaphezu koko, ingozi yokuziphatha eyadalwa yi-IMF inokuba yimbangela yentlekele.

• Njalo Qaphela iiBlue Bubbles - Abanini-mali kufuneka baqaphelisise i-bubble ye-aseset kwiindawo zakutshanje / ezishisa kakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le mibhobho iphelela ngokutsha kwaye abatyali-mali bayabanjwa.

Ngaphantsi

Inkathazo yezemali yaseAsia yaqala ngoluhlu lweembumba ze-asethi ezaxhaswa ngezimali zangaphandle. Xa i-Federal Reserve yaqalisa ukunyusa amaxabiso, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwangaphandle kwomile kwaye ukulinganiswa kwexabiso leempahla kunzima ukugcina. Iimarike ze-Equity zithunywe kakhulu kwaye iNgxowa-mali yeMali yamazwe ngamazwe ekugqibeleni ingena ngeebhiliyoni zeedola zemali ezibolekileyo zokuzinzisa imarike. Ekugqibeleni uqoqosho lubuye lubuyele, kodwa ezininzi iingcali ziye zagxeka i-IMF kwimigaqo-nkqubo engqongqo enokuthi iyenze ingxaki.