Ixabiso loTyalo-mali lenza ukuba kubuyiselwe kwiMakethi aphumayo
Makhe sibone ukuba kutheni abatshali-mali befuna ukuba bajonge kwiimarike ezikhulayo kunye nezinye izicwangciso zokubandakanya.
Kutheni kubalulekile ukuTyala imali?
Ixabiso lokutshala imali liye laziwa kakhulu kwiimarike eziphuhlisiweyo kunye ezikhulayo. Ubungqina obuninzi obukhulayo obukhulayo bubonisa ukuba utyalo-mali kwiimpahla ezinemivuzo engaphantsi kwe-average-price or ratio-book or above-average-dividend yielders offerers returns higher returns. Abanini-zimali abaphumelelayo njengo-Warren Buffett baye bathatha iimbopheleleko kwaye bavelisa ukubuyiswa kweemarike ezingaphezulu kwexesha.
Iphepha elipapashwe kwiNgxelo yokuHlola iMakethe ye-2002 ebonise ukuba ezi zintengiselwano ziqhuba iimarike ezikhulayo, kunye nexabiso 'ezixabisekileyo' ezivelisa iimbuyekezo eziphezulu kunempahla engekhoyo. Ingxelo elandelayo yeNgxelo ye-Credit Suisse yafumanisa ukuba ixabiso leempahla zenzeke ngaphandle kwazo zonke kodwa iimarike ezi-21 ezikhulayo phakathi kwe-2000 no-2013, kunye ne-premium value "premium" ibe yi-4.3 ekhulwini ngonyaka xa kuthelekiswa nama-3.1 kuphela kumazwe aphuhlisiwe.
Iprofayili yengozi yeempahla ezinokubaluleka nazo zinokubangela umdla kubaninzi-mali, kuquka abo banomdla kwiimarike ezikhulayo. Ngokuthenga ama-equity at discount, kukho ukuba mhlawumbi ngaphantsi kwezinto ezingaphantsi kwezinto ezinobuninzi ezihambahambayo ezinempahla embalwa okanye umvuzo. Kukho ubungqina bokuthi ixabiso lesitokisi ayinakuxhamla ngaphezu kweemeko eziphakamileyo, oku kuthetha ukuba abatyali-mali abayifumene nobungozi obuninzi ngokubhekiselele kwi-beta.
Ixabiso lokuTyala imali kwiiMakethe eziPhakamileyo
Iimarike ezithuthukayo ziye zahlaselwa ngokuphawulekayo ngexesha lokuLuleka okukhulu ngo-2008, okwenzakalayo xa i-US Federal Reserve yamemezela ukuba iya kunciphisa inkqubo yayo yokunciphisa umzimba ("QE") kwaye iphakanyise inzala. Iimali ezininzi ezikhulayo zeemarike zibonise ukwehla okukhulu kwexabiso kunye ne-$ 2 trillion kwi-dola-editywa ngamatyala-asetyenziswa ngamashishini amaninzi atshabalekayo kunye neenkampani ukuboleka - yaba yindleko yokuhlawula.
Ukuhla kwehla ngokuphawulekayo kwindleko yeoli yongcolileyo kwandisa le ngxaki, kuba ezininzi iimarike ezikhulayo azikho ukuhlukahluka koqoqosho oluphuhlisiweyo. Enyanisweni, ukuphuhlisa uqoqosho, ngokwemyinge, kugxininiswe kuma-50 ekhulwini amanani entlobo kunelizwe eliphuhlisiwe. Iingxelo zeoli ezingcolileyo ziyingxenye ebalulekileyo yokuveliswa kwezoqoqosho kumazwe afana neRussia neVenezuela, kunye namazwe amaninzi aseMiddle East.
Ezi zintlukwano ziye zaholela ekuphumeni okukhulu kweemalike kwiimarike ezikhulayo, eziye zathintela ukulinganiswa kwazo malunga neemarike eziphuhlisiweyo. Ngokomzekelo, ii-US S & P 500 abathengisi kwi-25.37x yokufumana umvuzo, ngoJanuwari 19, 2017, kanti i-MSCI eziPhakamileyo zeMakethi zenza umlinganiselo wemilinganiselo yemali ye-12.06x.
Uxabiso lwabatyalo-mali, ngoko ke, lunokufumana iimarike ezikhulayo zifumana amathuba amaninzi kuneemarike eziphuhlisiweyo.
Ii-ETFs, i-Mutual Funds kunye ne-Stocks
Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezahlukileyo ezibonisa ukuba abatshali-mali banokufumana ukufikelela kwiimarike ezikhulayo, kubandakanywa izitokethi, iimali ezithengiselana ngemali ("ETFs") okanye iimali ezihlangeneyo .
Ii-ETF zamazwe ngamazwe zimelela indlela elula kunye neyona ndlela ichanekileyo yokwakha ukukhutshwa okunikezelwayo ukuba banikezela iipotifoliyo ngokupheleleyo kwiinkqubo ezikhuselekileyo kunye neendleko ezincinci kunezona mali ezininzi ezifanayo. Nangona kukho ii-ETFs ezahlukahlukeneyo ezikhulayo ezikhethiweyo zokukhetha kuzo, zimbalwa kuphela ezijoliswe kwixabiso lotyalo-mali. Uninzi lwezi zinto zibizwa ngokuba yi-smart beta iimali zisebenzisa ezinye izicwangciso zokukhomba.
Ixabiso le-ETF lithandwa kakhulu kwiivenkile ezibandakanya:
- I-FlexShares Iimpawu zeMakethe eziPhakamisayo zeMasta eziPhambili (TLTE)
- I-iShares iMSCI eziPhakamileyo zeMakethi I-Minimum volatility (EEMV)
- I-SPDR S & P Iimakethe eziPhakamileyo (i-EDIV)
- Iimpawu zeMpawu zeMakethe eziPhakamileyo eziPhakamileyo (iDEM)
Kukho imali engakumbi ngokuzikhethela kuzo ezijoliswe kwiimali zentengiso ezivela kwamanye amazwe, kodwa ezininzi zazo zilawulwa ngokuthe ngqo kunokuba kungabikho imali (nakuba i-beta ehlakaniphile). Ukulinganiswa kwazo kweendleko kunokuba kubiza kakhulu kune-ETFs, oku kuthetha ukuba kubalulekile ukuba abatyali-mali baqwalasele irekhodi lomphathi kunye nezinye izinto.
Amanye amaxabiso athengiswayo atshabalalayo aquka:
- I-T. Rowe Ixabiso leeMakethe eziPhakamileyo Ixabiso leNgxowa-mali (i-PRIJX)
- Iimali zeMarketing eziPhakamileyo zeMerika eziPhakamileyo (AEVVX)
- I-Brandes ye-Market Emerging Value Fund (BEMIX)
Ekugqibeleni, abatyalo-mali banokuthenga abathengi ngabanye njengama- Receptor ase-American Depositary ("ADRs") ukurhweba kwii-US okanye ii-stocks zangaphandle. Amaxesha amaninzi, indlela elula yokufumana la mathuba kukusebenzisa i-stock screeners kwaye ikhangele ukuthengiswa kwempahla yezilwanyana ezithengiswayo ngaphandle kweemali ezihlawulelwayo okanye izivuno eziphezulu eziphezulu usebenzisa izixhobo ezifana ne-FinViz (www.finviz.com). Ingcipheko kukuba ingaba yindleko ngakumbi yokwakha iphothifoliyo kwaye ezininzi zezi sitoksi zingekho amanzi amaninzi.
Ngaphantsi
Iimarike ezithuthukayo ziye zakuba zijoliswe ekujoliswe kuko, kodwa ukuhla kwawo kwangoko kuye kwadala amathuba otyalo-mali. Xa bekhangela amathuba, abatyali-mali bangathanda ukuqwalasela iimali ezixhomekeke kwixabiso okanye ukuphonononga kwamathuba ngamathuba, ngelixa begcina ingqalelo kwimpembelelo yeendleko eziphezulu, ukuthengiswa kwempahla, kunye nezinye izinto ezinobungozi.