Iyini iBhanki Ephakathi?

I-Bhanki Ephakathi

Ibhanki ephambili yintlangano elawula ngokubanzi inkqubo yezemali. Ixesha eliqhelekileyo libhekisela kwibhanki enkulu kwilizwe (okanye iqela lamazwe anjengeYurophu YaseYurophu), kodwa akusiyo yonke ilizwe isebenzisa ibhanki ephakathi.

Iinjongo

Imisebenzi yebhanki ephakathi iyahluka kwilizwe elizweni. Ngokomzekelo, ibhanki ingaba nenjongo 'yokugcina intengo yokuzinza,' oku kuthetha (phakathi kwezinye izinto) ukunciphisa ukuba amaxabiso amanyuka njani ngokukhawuleza ngexesha ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaxabiso.

Amabhanki kufuneka afune ukujongana neenjongo ezikhuphisanayo. Ngokomzekelo, ibhanki inokuhlawulwa kwakhona ngokugcina ingqesho engaphantsi-kodwa ezinye zeendlela ezisetyenziselwa ukulwa nokungasebenzi zingabangela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okungavumeleki.

I-Fed

Ibhanki ephakathi yase-United States yiState Reserve System. Eyadalwa yiNgqungquthela ngoDisemba 23, 1913, "i-Fed" yenziwe ngabathathi-nxaxheba bekarhulumente nabangasese - abanye baqeshwe ngamagosa karhulumente, kunye nabanye abasebenza kwicandelo labucala (ngamanye amazwi, bangamashishini). Lo mxube woluntu kunye noluntu oluzimeleyo kufuneka uvumele i-Fed ukuba isebenze ngaphandle kwempembelelo eninzi kubaphathi-mthetho (kodwa isakhonza imfuno yoluntu).

I-priority ye-Fed okanye "igunya" (injongo ekuhlawulwa ngayo ngokulandela) kuku:

• Gcina amaxabiso anzinzile (okanye ugcine umgangatho ophantsi), kunye
• Gcina abantu baqeshwe (okanye bahlale bengasebenzi)

Ezi njongo zibini zibizwa ngokuba "ngumbuso ombini." I-Fed ifuna ukugcina uqoqosho lukhula ngenkqubela iinjongo ezingentla.

Ngelo xesha, i-Fed yenza enye imisebenzi.

Indlela Imisebenzi Yenkxaso

Imisebenzi yasebhanki ephambili yebhanki kwiindlela ezintathu ezahlukeneyo.

Umgaqo-mali: kwakhona, uxanduva oluphambili lwe-Fed (ukuzama uku) ukulawula uqoqosho ngokuqhuba umgaqo-mali. Ukwenza oku, i-Fed iyanda okanye iyancipha ukunikezelwa kwemali kwinkqubo.

Kukho izixhobo ezintathu zokwenza njalo:

• Vula imisebenzi yemarike : i-Fed ingathengisa kwaye ithengise izimali kwezinye iibhanki ukuze zinikeze (okanye zifumane) imali.
• Ukulawula izinga lokunciphisa : iFed ingenza kube lula okanye kunzima ukuboleka ngokunciphisa okanye ukuphakamisa inzala. I-Fed ayinqumanga ukuba unokufumana phi imali kwi-akhawunti yakho yokulondoloza (okanye unomdla onjani owuhlawula ngemboleko ), kodwa ezo ntlawulo zithathwa ngokungathanga ngqo ngezenzo ze-Fed.
• Ukulawula iimfuno zokugcina indawo : I -Fed ingatshintsha inani elifunekayo ukuba ibhanki igcine ngaphakathi. Xa iibhanki zifunwa ukuba zibambe ngaphezulu, zinokuboleka ngaphantsi (okulwela ukunciphisa ukukhula koqoqosho).

Ukulawulwa kweBhanki: i-Fed iphinda ilawule iibhanki (ibhanki ukuba amashishini nabantu ngabanye benza idiphozi kunye nokuboleka ukusuka) ngenjongo yokugcina inkqubo efanelekileyo yebhanki. Ngokunciphisa ingozi iibhanki ezithathayo nokukhusela abathengi, i-Fed ethembele ukuphepha iintlobo zeengxaki eziye zavela kwiinkathazo zemali ka - 2008 .

Iinkonzo zezezimali: ekugqibeleni, iFed inceda iibhanki ziqhuba ishishini, zisebenza njengomlamli kwiintengiselwano ezininzi. Ngaphandle kweFed, iintlawulo zekhompyutheni (ezifana nokutshintshwa kwentambo kunye neentlawulo ze-ACH ) ziya kubonakala zihluke kakhulu. Ukutya kunceda kwakhona iibhanki ukuhlola okucacileyo , ukuhambisa imali kwiziko elinye ukuya kwelinye.

I-Fed isebenza njengebhanki kwezinye iibhanki- abaninzi abathengi kunye namashishini abahambelani nebhanki enkulu.

Ukuphikisana

Izenzo (kunye nokuba khona) kweebhanki eziphambili zixutyushwa kakhulu. Abanye abantu bacinga ukuba lamaziko anikezela ngeenkonzo ezixabisekileyo: ukukhusela abathengi, ukuqhuba urhwebo, nokunceda ukugcina uqoqosho lusebenza ngokugqithiseleyo. Abanye bacinga ukuba iibhanki eziphambili ziphazamisana nentengiso yamahhala kwaye zenze imiphumo engalindelekanga engaphezu kweengxaki.