Ziziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeBhanki?
Kusenokwenzeka ukuba awuzange ulive kuzo zonke iibhanki, kodwa iziko ngalinye lidlala inxalenye ebomini bakho bemihla ngemihla. Iibhanki ezahlukeneyo zizodwa kwiindawo ezahlukileyo, ezenza ingqiqo - ufuna ukuba ibhanki yakho yendawo ibeke konke abakwaziyo ekukhonzeni wena kunye noluntu lwenu (kunye neebhanki ze-intanethi zingenza into yazo ngaphandle kolawulo lweendawo ezininzi zesebe).
Iintlobo zeBhanki
Ezinye zeebhanki eziqhelekileyo zibhalwe ngezantsi, kodwa imigca yokuhlukanisa ayisoloko ihlambulukile. Ezinye iibhanki zisebenza kwiindawo ezininzi (umzekelo, ibhanki inokunikela ngeakhawunti yakho, i-akhawunti yezo shishino, kwaye uncede uncedo lwamashishini amakhulu ukuphakamisa imali kwiimarike zemali).
- Iibhanki zentengiso mhlawumbi iibhanki oziqhelana nazo: Iingxelo zakho zokutshekisha kunye nokulondoloza zigcinwe kwibhankini yokuthengisa , ejolise kubathengi (okanye uluntu jikelele) njengabaxumi. Ezi mabhanki zikunika amakhadi-mboleko, unikezela ngemboleko, kwaye zona ziindawo ezininzi zesebe kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi.
- Ibhanki yezorhwebo igxininisa kubaxumi bezorhwebo Amashishini adinga ukujonga kunye nokugcinwa kwee-akhawunti njengabantu ngabanye. Kodwa nazo zifuna iinkonzo eziyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye ixabiso leedola (okanye inani lezentengiselwano) linokuba luninzi. Basenokufuna ukufumana iintlawulo ezivela kubathengi, bathembele kakhulu kwimigca yekhredithi ukulawula ukuhamba kwemali, kwaye bangasebenzisa iileta zetyala ukwenza ishishini phesheya.
- Iibhanki zotyalo-mali zinceda amabhizinisi asebenze kwiimarike zemali. Ukuba ishishini lifuna ukuhamba esidlangalaleni okanye ukuthengisa amatyala kubatyalomali, baya kusebenzisa ibhanki yotyalo - mali .
- Iibhanki eziphambili zilawula inkqubo yemali kurhulumente. Ngokomzekelo, i-Federal Reserve Bank ibhanki ephakathi yase-US ejongene nokulawula umsebenzi wezoqoqosho kunye nokujongana neebhanki.
- Imanyano yematyala ibanjana neebhanki, kodwa azinxulumene neenzuzo eziphantsi kwabathengi babo (ezininzi iibhanki ziphantsi kootyali-mali). Imanyano yemboleko inikezela ngemveliso kunye neenkonzo ezingaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ezifanayo kwiibhanki ezininzi zokurhweba nezorhwebo. Umehluko omkhulu kukuba amalungu omanyano-mboleko anokwabelana ngesimo esithile esifanayo (apho bahlala khona, umsebenzi wabo, okanye imibutho abahlala kuyo, umzekelo).
- Ibhanki ye- intanethi isebenza ngokupheleleyo kwi-intanethi - akukho zakhiwo zesebe zenyama ezifumanekayo ukutyelela umtshi okanye ibhanki. Amabhanki amaninzi amatye kunye namatyala anika iinkonzo ze-intanethi, ezifana nokukwazi ukujonga i-akhawunti kunye nokuhlawula iindleko kwi-intanethi , kodwa iibhanki ze -intanethi zihlukile: zihlala zibonelela ngezinga lokuncintisana kwi-akhawunti yokulondoloza kwaye ziyakwazi ukunikela ngokukhululeka .
- Iibhanki zombutho zifana neemanyano zemali-mboleko kuba ziphantsi kwamalungu (okanye abathengi) kunokuba abatyala-mali bangaphandle.
- Ukulondolozwa kunye nokubolekwa kwemali kungabonakali kakhulu kunokuba bekunjalo, kodwa kubalulekile. Olu hlobo lwebhanki lubalulekile ekwenzeni ubunikazi basekhaya, ngokusebenzisa idizithi kubathengi ukuxhasa imali mboleko. Igama lokulondoloza kunye nemali mboleko kubhekiselele kumsebenzi oyintloko abawenzayo: ukugcina imali kumthengi omnye kwaye wenze imali mboleko kwenye.
Ababoleki beBhanki
Ababolekisi abangabikho-bhanki baxhaphaza imithombo eyaziwayo kwimali-mboleko. Ngokwenene, azinalo iibhanki, kodwa amava akho njengombolekeki angase abe okufanayo: unokufaka isicelo semboleko kwaye ubuyiselwe njengokuba usebenza nebhanki.
La maziko asebenza ngokukodwa, kwaye abanomdla kuzo zonke ezinye izinto nemimiselo esetyenziswa kwiibhanki zemveli. Ngamanye amaxesha ayaziwa njengababolekisi bemarike, ababolekisi bebhanki abafumana inkxaso-mali kubasomali (bobabini-zimali kunye nemibutho emikhulu).
Kubathengi abathengi ngemali-mboleko, ababolekisi bebhanki bahlala bekhangeleka - bangasebenzisa imigaqo yokuvuma eyahlukeneyo kunebhanki zendabuko, kwaye amaxabiso ahlala ekhuphisana .
Iinguqu zeBhanki ukususela kwiNkqubela yeMali
Inkathazo yezezimali ka-2008 yatshintsha ihlabathi lebhanki ngokuphawulekayo. Ngaphambi kweengxaki, iibhanki zazinandipha amaxesha amnandi, kodwa iinkukhu zafika ekhaya ukuba zihlale.
Amabhanki ayeboleka imali kubbolekayo abangenakho ukuhlawula kunye nokungahambi nayo kuba amaxabiso asekhaya aqhubeka ephakama (phakathi kwezinye izinto). Baye batyale imali ngokunyanzela ukwandisa inzuzo, kodwa ingozi yaba yinyaniso ngexesha loKhuselo oluKhulu.
Imimiselo emitsha: UMthetho we-Dodd-Frank watshintshile ubuninzi ngokwenza utshintsho olubanzi kumgaqo-mali. Iibhanki zentengiso - kunye nezinye iimarike-ngoku zilawulwa ngolu hlobo olutsha olongezelelweyo: i-Bureau of Protection Financial Bureau (CFPB). Eli qumrhu linika abathengi indawo engundoqo ukuba bafake izikhalazo, bafunde ngamalungelo abo, kwaye bafumane uncedo. Ukongezelela, i- Volcker Rule yenza amabhanki athengisa ukuziphatha ngendlela efana neyayenza ngaphambi kwebhola lezindlu - athatha iipasiti kumakhasimende kwaye atyala imali ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye kukho imida malunga nohlobo lweebhanki zorhwebo ezingalingani.
Ukuhlanganiswa: Kukho iibhanki ezimbalwa - ngakumbi iibhanki zokutshala-mali - ukususela kwiingxaki zemali. Ibhanki yeebhanki-mali ezinkulu zahluleka (Lehman Brothers kunye ne-Bear Stearns ngokukodwa) ngelixa abanye bazivuselela. I-FDIC ibika ukuba kukho ukuhluleka kwebhanki engama-414 phakathi ko-2008 no-2011, xa kuthelekiswa neyesithathu ngo-2007 kunye nonyaka ngo-2006. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ibhanki ehlulekayo ithathwa nje enye ibhanki (kunye nabathengi abaxakekanga xa behlala phantsi Imida yomshuwalense we-FDIC). Isiphumo kukuba iibhanki ezinobuthakathaka zixhaswe ngamabhanki amakhulu, kwaye awunawo amagama amaninzi ongakhetha kuwo.