Khuselo lweNtlawulo
- Ukukhuselwa kwintengiso: Ukuba umthengi ehluleka ukuhlawula umthengisi, ibhanki ekhuphe incwadi yekhredithi iya kuhlawula umthengisi ukuba umthengisi udibana nazo zonke iimfuno kwileta. Oku kunika ukhuseleko xa umthengi nomthengisi bezohlukeneyo kumazwe ahlukeneyo.
- Ukukhuselwa komthengi: Iileta zetyala nazo ziyakhusela abathengi. Ukuba uhlawula umntu ukuba anikezele ngemveliso okanye inkonzo kwaye abahluleka ukuyihambisa, unokukwazi ukuhlawulwa ngokusebenzisa ileta yokulinda yemboleko. Le ntlawulo ingaba isohlwayo kwinkampani engakwazi ukwenza, kwaye iyafana nokubuyisela imali, ikuvumela ukuba ukhokhe omnye umntu ukuba anikezele ngemveliso okanye inkonzo efunekayo.
Ukuba uyaqhelana neenkonzo zokungena , iinjongo ziyafana: Amabhanki enza "njengabantu abangathandekiyo" abathathu (abawuthathi naliphi na icala), kwaye bakhulula imali kuphela emva kweemeko ezithile. Iileta zetyala ziqhelekileyo kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, kodwa zisetyenziselwa ukuthengiswa kwekhaya ezifana neeprojekthi zokwakha.
Amaphuzu aphambili:
- Ileta yekhredithi inika ukhuselo kubathengisi (okanye abathengi).
- Amabhanki akhupha iibrari zebhanki xa ishishini "lisebenza" kwelinye kwaye i-asethi okanye i-credit iyakwamkelwa.
- Iileta zetyala ziyanzima, kwaye kulula ukwenza iphutha elibi xa usebenzisa enye.
Umzekelo
- Umenzi ufumana umyalelo kumthengi omtsha phesheya. Umenzi akanakho indlela yokwazi ukuba ngaba umthengi unako (okanye uya kuthi) ahlawule iimpahla emva kokuba ziveliswe kwaye zithunyelwe.
- Ukulawula umngcipheko, umthengisi usebenzisa isivumelwano esifuna ukuba umthengi ahlawule ngeleta yekhredithi ngokukhawuleza ukuba uthunyelwe.
- Ukuqhubela phambili, umthengi kufuneka afake isicelo sencwadi yekhredithi kwibhanki yendawo. Umthengi unokufuna ukufumana imali kwi-bhanki okanye ukufumana imvume yokufumana imali evela ebhankini.
- Ibhanki iya kukhulula kuphela imali kumthengisi emva kokuba umthengisi abonise ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwezinto kwenzeka. Ukwenza njalo, umthengisi uhlinzeka ngamaxwebhu abonisa indlela iimpahla ezithunyelwa ngayo (kunye neenkcukacha ezifana nomhla othe ngqo, indawo, kunye nokuqukethwe). Ngandlela-thile, umthengi unako ukukhuselwa phantsi kweleta yesikweletu: Abathengi banokukhetha ukuhlawula ibhanki kunye nesebe elikhulu lomthetho kunokuba bathumele imali ngqo kumthengisi ongaziwayo.
- Ukuba umthengi uxhalabele ngomthengisi ongathembekanga, kukho iinketho ezongezelelweyo ezifumanekayo ukukhuselwa komthengi. Umzekelo, umntu unokuhlola ukuthunyelwa ngaphambi kokuba inkokhelo ikhutshwe.
Ingqiqo yencwadi yekhredithi ingaba nzima. Indlela elula yokufumana isibambiso kwizinto kukubona umzekelo wenyathelo ngesinyathelo .
Imali Ekhokelela Kwi-Letter of Credit
Ibhanki ithembisa ukuhlawula egameni lomthengi, kodwa ivela phi imali?
Ibhanki iya kukhupha kuphela incwadi yekhredithi ukuba ibhanki iyathemba ukuba umthengi uya kuhlawula. Abanye abathengi kufuneka bahlawule ibhanki phambi okanye bavumele ibhanki ukuba ifakelwe iimali ezigcinwe ebhankini.
Abanye basebenzisa umgca wekhredithi kwibhankini, ngokufanelekileyo ukufumana mboleko kwi-bhanki.
Abathengisi kufuneka bathemba ukuba ibhanki ekhupha incwadi yekhredithi ifanelekile kwaye ibhanki iya kuhlawula njengoko kuvunyelweneyo. Ukuba abathengisi abanakho ukungathandabuzeki, bangasebenzisa ileta eqinisekisiweyo "eqinisekisiweyo", oku kuthetha ukuba enye ibhanki (ethembeke ngakumbi) iyakuqinisekisa ukuhlawula.
Abadayisi bafumana iileta zemboleko eziqinisekisiweyo kwiibhanki kwilizwe labo.
Xa kuhlawulwa intlawulo?
Umxhamli uhlawulwa kuphela emva kokuthatha amanyathelo athile kwaye ahlangabezane neemfuno ezichazwe kwileta yesikweletu.
Ngorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe , umthengisi kufuneka ahambise iimpahla kwi-shipyard ukuze anelise iimfuno zeleta yekhredithi. Xa kuthengiswa ukuthengisa, umthengisi ufumana amaxwebhu afakazela ukuba wenza ukuhanjiswa, kwaye amaxwebhu athunyelwa ebhankini.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, ileta yekhredithi ngoku kufuneka ihlawulwe-nangona kukho into eyenzekayo ekuthunyelwe. Ukuba i-crane iyawa kwiirhweba okanye iinqanawa zitshona, akunjalo ukuba ingxaki yomthengisi.
Imibhalo yombandela: Ukuvuma ukuhlawulwa kwileta yesikweletu, iibhanki zivele zihlaziye iimpepha ezibonisa ukuba umthengisi wenza nayiphi na into efunekayo.
Ibhanki ayikhathalele umgangatho weempahla okanye ezinye izinto ezingabalulekanga kumthengi kunye nomthengisi. Oko akuthethi ukuba abathengisi bangathumela ukuthunyelwa kwe-junk: abathengi banokubambelela kwisatifikethi sokuhlola njengenxalenye yesicwangciso, esivumela umntu ukuba abuyekeze ukuthunyelwa kwaye aqinisekise ukuba yonke into iyamkeleka.
Ngomsebenzi "wokusebenza", umxhamli (umthengi, okanye nabani na oya kufumana inkokhelo) unokufuna ukufakazela ukuba umntu akakwazanga ukwenza into ethile. Umzekelo, isixeko sinokuqesha isontraki ukugqiba iphrojekthi yokwakha. Ukuba le projekthi ayigqityiwe ngexesha (kunye neleta yokulinda yekhredithi isetyenzisiweyo), isixeko singabonisa ibhanki ukuba ikhontrakthi ayizange ihlangabezane neembopheleleko zakhe. Ngenxa yoko, ibhanki iya kuhlawula isixeko. Le ntlawulo ihlawula isixeko kwaye yenza kube lula ukuqesha enye ikontrakta ukugqiba umsebenzi.
Yintoni Engahambi Ngayo?
Iileta zetyala zenza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa umngcipheko ngenkqubela ukuqhuba ishishini. Zizinto ezibalulekileyo nezixhobo eziwusizo, kodwa zisebenza kuphela xa ufumana zonke iinkcukacha ngokufanelekileyo. Iphutha elincinci okanye ukulibaziseka kunokususa zonke iinjongo zeleta yesikweletu.
Ukuba uthembele kwileta yesikweletu ukuze ufumane inkokhelo, qiniseka ukuba:
- Ukuphonononga ngononophelo yonke imfuno yetyala lekhredithi ngaphambi kokuba uvume naluphi na umcimbi.
- Qonda onke amaxwebhu afunekayo. Ukuba awukwazi into ethile, cela ibhanki yakho.
- Ngaba uya kunako ukufumana onke amaxwebhu afanelekileyo kwileta yesikweletu.
- Qonda iimida ezichanekileyo kunye neleta yekhredithi, nokuba ingaba ayilunganga.
- Yazi ukuba abanikezeli benkonzo bakho ngokukhawuleza (abathumeli, njl. Njl) baya kukhupha amaxwebhu kuwe.
- Unokufumana amaxwebhu ebhankini ngexesha.
- Yenza zonke iimfuno ezifunwa ngetyala lekhredithi lifanise ileta yesicelo sekhredithi ngokuchanekileyo. Nokuba iziphene ze typographical okanye iindawo eziqhelekileyo zingabangela iingxaki.
U shishino lwaMazwe
Abangenisa iimveliso kunye nabathengisi bahlala besebenzisa iileta zamatyala ukuze bazikhusele. Ukusebenza nomthengi wezilwandle kungabungozi kuba awukwazi ukuba ngubani osebenza naye. Umthengi unokunyaniseka kwaye abe neenjongo ezilungileyo, kodwa iingxaki zezoshishino okanye uxinzelelo lwezopolitiko lunokulibazisa ukuhlawulwa okanye ukubeka umthengi ngaphandle kweshishini.
Ukongeza, ukunxibelelana kunzima kunamawaka eekhilomitha, iindawo ezihlukeneyo zexesha, kunye neelwimi ezahlukeneyo. Ileta yekhredithi ichaza iinkcukacha ukwenzela ukuba wonke umntu usekhasini elifanayo. Esikhundleni sokucinga ukuba izinto ziya kusebenza ngendlela ethile, wonke umntu uyavuma malunga nenkqubo phambili.
I-Letter ye-Credit Lingo
Ukuqonda kakuhle iileta zetyala, kunceda ukwazi igama.
Umfaki sicelo: Iqela elicela ileta yekhredithi. Lo ngumntu okanye inkampani eya kuhlawula umxhamli. Umfaki sicelo ungokoqobo (kodwa kungekho rhoqo) umthengisi okanye umthengi osebenzisa ileta yekhredithi ukuze athenge.
Umxhamli: Iqela elifumana intlawulo. Oku kudla ngokuba ngumthengisi okanye umthengisi ocelile ukuba umfaki sicelo enze itekiti yekhredithi (kuba umzuzi ufuna ukhuseleko olungakumbi).
Ukubhankwa kwebhanki: Ibhanki eyenza okanye ikhupha incwadi yekhredithi kwisicelo somenzi wesicelo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ibhanki apho umenzi wesicelo sele esenzile ishishini (kwilizwe lalowo wesicelo, apho umenzi wesicelo ene-akhawunti okanye umgca wekhredithi).
Ukubambisana nebhanki: Ibhanki esebenza kunye nomxhamli. Le bhanki ngokuqhelekileyo ikhona kwilizwe lakwabo abaxhamliweyo, kwaye ingaba yibhanki apho umzuli sele eqhuba ibhizinisi. Umxhamli uya kufaka amaxwebhu kwiibhanki zothethathethwano, kwaye ibhanki yezonxibelelwano isebenza njengonxibelelwano phakathi kwabaxhamli kunye nezinye iibhanki ezibandakanyekayo.
Ukuqinisekisa ibhanki: Ibhanki "iqinisekisa" intlawulo kumxhamli nje kuphela ukuba iimfuno zebhanki zidibene. Ibhanki elikhuphayo sele liqinisekisa ukuhlawulwa, kodwa umxhamli unokukhetha isiqinisekiso esivela kwibhankini yelizwe lakhe (apho eyaziwayo). Le nto inokuba yibhanki efanayo nebhanki yokuthintana.
I-bhanki ecebisa: Ibhanki efumana i-bhokisi yekhredithi kwi-bhanki ekhuphayo kwaye ikwazisa umxhamli ukuba le ncwadi ifumaneka. Le bhanki nayo iyaziwa njengebhanki ekwazisa, kwaye ingaba yibhanki efanayo kunye nebhanki yokuthintana kunye nebhanki eqinisekisa.
Ophakathi: Inkampani edibanisa abathengi kunye nabathengisi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha isebenzisa iileta zetyala ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukuthengiselana. Abathengi bahlala besebenzisa iileta zemali-mboleko (okanye iileta ezithintekayo zekhredithi).
I-Freight forwarder: Inkampani encedisa ukuthunyelwa kwamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuthunyelwa kweenqwelo-mafutha kaninzi kunika amaxwebhu angaphandle afune ukubonelela ukuze ahlawulwe.
Umthumeli: Inkampani ehambisa impahla ukusuka kwindawo eya kwindawo.
Iseluleko sezomthetho: Iqumrhu elicebisa abafakizicelo kunye nabaxhamli ngendlela yokusebenzisa iileta zetyala. Kubalulekile ukufumana uncedo kwi-ingcali eyazi kakuhle le ntengiso.
Ukongeza kwimimiselo engentla, unokuva malunga neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeleta zemali-mboleko , njengee- letters zokukhangela zemboleko .
Ukufumana iNcwadi yeMatyala
Ukufumana ileta yekhredithi, qhagamshelana nebhanki yakho. Kuya kufuneka ukuba usebenze kunye neSebe loshishino ngamazwe okanye ukwahlula kwezorhwebo. Akunjalo onke amaziko anikezela ngeekrari, kodwa iibhanki ezincinci kunye neemanyano zetyala zihlala zibhekisela kumntu onokuzifumana iimfuno zakho.