Ukulinganisa, Iithagethi zexabiso, kunye nokunye
Abahlalutyi kunye nokulinganisa 101
Abahlalutyi ngabaqeqeshi botyalo-mali abavame ukugcina iidyuli zezemali ezivela kwiiyunivesithi kunye / okanye izatifikethi zobungcali njengeChartered Financial Analyst (CFA). Nangona imfundo yabo iqhutywe, bahlala behlakulela ubuchule kumashishini athile okanye i-aseset class kuwo wonke umsebenzi wabo. Ngokomzekelo, abanye abahlalutyi banokwenziwa ngokuthe ngqo kwiimpahla zecimicucuctor kunye nabanye bangabandakanyeka kwiimali zentengiso ephumayo .
Abahlalutyi banokuhlulwa ngamacandelo amabini:
- Thengisa abahlalutyi bamacandelo: Abahlalutyi banxulumene namaziko aququzelela inkqubo yokwenza izigqibo zamacandelo ezithenga. Ezi zixhobo zingabandakanya iibhanki zotyalo-mali, iibhanki zorhwebo, abathengisi bempahla, okanye abenzi bemarike. Umsebenzi wabo ukuza nokuthengisa impahla okanye amathuba kwabanye kwaye iingxelo zabo zidla ngokubanzi.
- Thenga ama-Analyst Side Side: Abahlalutyi banxulumene namaziko achaphazelekayo ukwenza utyalo-mali. Ezi zixhobo zingabandakanya i-hedge funds, abaphathi bee-asethi, abatyala-mali beziko, kunye nabarhwebi-ntengiso. Umsebenzi wabo kukunceda amafemu aneempahla ezifunyenweyo ezinkulu okanye amathuba okuthenga kunye neengxelo zabo zigcinwa zibucala.
Thengisa abahlalutyi bamacandelo bane-bias eyaziwayo. Ngokubanzi, ukulinganiswa kohlalutyi kwi- S & P 500 kubakho malunga neepesenti ezingama-50 Ukuthenga izilinganiso, iipesenti ezingama-45 Zithengisa ukulinganisa, kunye neepesenti ezi-5 kuphela. Kwakhona indawo eqhelekileyo ukuba iinkampani zilahleke okanye zibethe izilwanyana ezilindelekileyo ngama-10 ukuya kuma-20 ekhulwini kwikota elinikeziweyo, ebonisa ukuba imodeli esetyenziswa ngabahlalutyi ayisoloko ichanekile.
Isigwebo sokuhlalutya kwamacandelo esithengiweyo sisekho, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba ba bhetele.
Iqhosha elibalulekileyo
Kukho amagama amaninzi ahlukeneyo asetyenziswa ngabahlalutyi kwaye kubalulekile ukuqonda ukungafani. Ngokomzekelo, iThethithi yokuthenga ingathetha izinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kumhlalutyi usebenzisa igama. Ukuthengwa kumhlalutyi omnye kunokuba ngumlinganiselo ophezulu kakhulu, ngelixa kuthengwa komnye umhlalutyi kungaba ngowesibili isilinganiselo esiphezulu emva kokuthenga okunamandla. Abanye abahlalutyi bangasebenzisa imiqathango efana neNgcaciso yoHlelo kwindawo yeThengi ngokupheleleyo.
I-FINRA inikeza itafile enhle isishwankathela ezinye zale mihluko:
Qinisekile A | Qinisekile B | Qinisekisi C |
Thenga | Ukuthenga okuqinileyo | Uluhlu oluphakanyisiweyo |
Ngaphandle | Thenga | U kuthenga |
Ukungathathi hlangothi | Bamba | UmPhumela weMarike |
Ngaphantsi | Thengisa | IMarike yenza |
Kuphephe | I-Market Underperformer |
Abahlalutyi bakhupha iithagethi zexabiso ukwenzela ukuqikelela ukuba ixabiso liya kuba lixesha elingakanani. Amaxesha amaninzi, iithagethi zentengo zijonge iinyanga ezili-12 ukusuka ngomhla okhutshwe ngawo kwaye zingahlaziywa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ezi ziphumo kunye neethagethi zentengo zihlala zibandakanywa kwiingxelo zophando rhoqo kunye nezibuyekezo ezimfutshane okanye amanqaku. Iingxelo zophando zibonelela ngokubanzi kwenkampani kunye nophuhliso lwangoku , ngelixa ukuhlaziywa kunye neenkcukacha zijolise ngakumbi ekuchazeni indlela iindaba zamva nje okanye iziganeko ezinokuthi zichaphazele isitokisi.
Ngokomzekelo, inqaku lophando linokucacisa ukuba utshintsho olutsha olunokuthi luchaphazele njani inkampani kwixesha elifutshane okanye elide.
Ukutolika ukuhlalutya kohlalutyo
Iingcali ezininzi zincoma ukusebenzisa ukuhlalutya kwamanani okuhlalutya njengendawo yokuqala yokunyamekela ngokukodwa kunokuba umthombo wodwa wokwenza isigqibo. Ngokomzekelo, iingxelo zophando zinokukunceda umtyalo-mali ukuba anqume ngokukhawuleza ukuba yintoni inkampani, iziganeko zakutshanje, kwaye zibona ukuba i-earnings kulindeleke ukuba ikhule ngaphezu kwexesha. Ukunyamekela ngokuqhubekayo kungabandakanya ukuhlengahlengisa ukuhlaziywa kohlalutyi ukuba kuhambisane nento ongayilindela.
Kukho izinto ezininzi zokugcina engqondweni xa ufunda iingxelo zehlalutyi:
- Funda konke. Iingxelo ezihlalutyo zivame ukuba zide kakhulu, oku kuthetha ukuba unokulingwa ukuba uqhube phambili ukuya kwinqanaba lokulinganisela kunye nexabiso. Kodwa iingxelo kaninzi ziqulethe ulwazi olubalulekileyo olunokubeka ezi ngcebiso eziphakamileyo kwiimeko. Kufuneka uqinisekise kwakhona ukuba ufunda uphando olutsha.
- Cinga ezinye izinto. Abahlalutyi banokudibanisa ulwazi oluvela kwi-10-Q ye- SEC ukufakela okanye amanye amaxwebhu okulawula kwisishwankathelo esifutshane, kodwa kwezinye iimeko, kunceda ukukhangela kwincwadi yakho. Umzekelo, unokufuna ukufunda i-SEC yefayile yezantsi okanye ufunde umbhalo weenkomfa umnxeba ukuze uqokelele ingqiqo engaphezulu kunokuba isishwankathelo esifutshane somcwangcisi siza kubonelela.
- Cinga nayiphi na ingxabano . Azikho iimfuno eziqinileyo zokuba ngumhlalutyi, oko kuthetha ukuba abanye banokuba neengxabano. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abo babhaliswe kwiifom zelungu le-FINRA okanye abo babambe iqela leCFA baqhutyelwe kwimigangatho ephakamileyo, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba umhlalutyi unayo isisityebi, ubudlelwane babo nenkampani, kunye nayiphi na intlawulo enikezelweyo.
Ngokugcina ezi ngcebiso ngqondweni, unokuqiniseka ukuba usebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo ukuhlaziywa kohlalutyo kwinkqubo yakho yokukhuthaza kwaye ungazithembi ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba wenze izigqibo.