Imithombo emihle kakhulu ye-3 yolwazi lwabathengi

I-SEC Filings, IiNgxelo ze-Analyst kunye neeWebhsayithi zeNkampani

Abatyalomali bahlaziywa ngolwazi kule mihla, ukusuka kwiinkcukacha eziphezulu zokushicilelwa kwiinkcukacha ze-SEC. Nangona kuhlale kulungele ukwaziswa, umthamo omkhulu wolwazi wenze kube nzima ukwahlula uphawu ukusuka kwingxolo. Ukushicilelwa kwenkcazelo ngokugqithiseleyo kukungazibali ulwazi olubi kwaye kugxininise kwizinto ezilungileyo, abahlalutyi banenkqonkqo ebushushu, kwaye i-SEC filings ingaba nzima ukufumana ulwazi oluncedo phakathi kwe-boilerplate yomthetho.

Makhe sijonge kwimithombo emithathu ebalulekileyo yolwazi kunye nendlela yokwahlula olu lwazi xa senza izigqibo zotyalo-mali.

# 1: Uluhlu lweSibini

IKhomishini ye- Securities and Exchange Exchange (i-SEC) idinga iinkampani ezininzi ezikhankanywe e-US ukuba zibike ingxelo yezemali, ukuthengiselana kwangaphakathi kunye nolwazi oluthe ngqo kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-SEC filings. Iinkampani ezininzi zasemzini nazo zifunwa ukuba zenze iifayile zenkcazelo ngeziganeko eziqulethe ulwazi olufanayo ukuba zibhalwe kwii-US. Ngokukwazi ukufumana nokuhlalutya ezi zifayili zecandelo, abatyali-mali banokuqinisekisa ukuba baziswa kakuhle kwaye bafikeleleka kuzo zonke izinto ezibalulekileyo.

Abatyalomali banokufumana iifayile zeSET kwiindawo ezininzi. Idatha ye-EDGAR ye-SEC yindlela ekhawulezayo kwaye elula yokufumana nayiphina iifayile, ngelixa iinkonzo ezizodwa ezifana ne-SECFilings.com okanye u-EdgarOnline zinikeza izilumkiso ezinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso kunye nezinye iimpawu.

Ezinye iifayile ezibalulekileyo zeSET eziyaziyo ziquka:

• I-10-K (ingxelo yoNyaka) -Iingxelo zonyaka zibonelela abatyala-mali ngokubanzi kwenkcazo yeminyaka-mali yenkampani, kubandakanywa iingxelo zemali kunye neengxoxo zeziphumo ngabaphathi kwiiNgesi ezicacileyo.
• I-10-Q (Iingxelo zekota) - Iingxelo zekota zibonelela ngokubanzi ngaphantsi kwekota yenkampani, kodwa zibandakanya iingxelo zemali zekota kunye neengxoxo zengxoxo.

• I-K-K (Isiganeko sangoku) - Iingxelo zengxelo zangoku zifakwe kuzo zonke iziganeko eziphathekayo ezichaphazela inkampani, ukusuka ekushicilelweni okusisiseko kwintsebenziswano emitsha.
• Ifom ye-3, 4 kunye no-5 (Ukuthengiswa kwangaphakathi) - Iingxelo zorhwebo zangaphakathi zibonelela nge-i-investors ngezaziso nayiphi na inkampani ekuthengeni okanye ekuthengiseni izabelo, ezinokubakho isibonakaliso esibalulekileyo, ngakumbi xa senziwa ngaphandle kwezicwangciso zesitokisi.
• Ishedyuli 13D kunye no-13G (Utyalo-mali lwamaziko) - Iingxelo zotyalo-mali zenkxaso-mali zinika abatyalo-mali izaziso xa umtyalomali-mali (njenge-hedge fund okanye i-joint fund) ethola inxaxheba ebalulekileyo, enokuba luncedo kakhulu kubatyalomali.

Abatyalomali bamazwe ngamazwe banzima kakhulu. Ngelixa ezininzi iifayile zeeDepository Receipts (ADRs) iifayile zefayile eziqhelekileyo zeefayile, ezinye iifayile zengxelo yeemali zangaphandle ezingenokuba nzima kakhulu ukufikelela kunye nokudibanisa ngolwazi oluncedo. Kwaye kunye nokuthengwa kwamanye amazwe ukuthengisa kuma-non-US exchanges kufaka ifayile kuphela nelizwe elilawulayo. Ngelishwa, ezi zifayile zingabonakala ngeelwimi zangaphandle kwaye kunokuba nzima kunzima ukuhlalutya kunezifayile ze-SEC.

Iifayile ezimbini eziqhelekileyo zangaphandle ze-SEC ziquka:

• 20-F (ingxelo yoNyaka) - Ezi ngxelo zonyaka zifakwe phantsi kweemigaqo-nkqubo ze-US GAAP, ezenza kube lula ukuqonda nokuthelekisa neenkampani zase-US.

• 6-K (ngekota / ekhoyo) - Le ngxelo yangaphandle yee-8-K iingxelo, ezifakela ukubandakanya ulwazi lwe-10-Q ngolwazi lwe-ADR.

Amanye amabhunga alawulayo angaphandle aquka:

• I-SEDAR yaseCanada
• I-SAIC Agency

# 2: iNkampani yeNtengiso

Iiwebhusayithi ezinokubambisana zingabandakanya ubutyebi beenkcukacha malunga nenkampani, ukusuka kwizitatimenti zemali ukuya kwiingxelo, kwaye kunokukwazi ukuhamba ngokulula kwiiwebhusayithi ezininzi zegosa karhulumente xa ufuna ulwazi lwezemali. Oku kuyinyaniso ngokukhethekileyo kubatyalomali bamazwe ngamazwe bafuna ulwazi.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuzijonga ziquka:

• Iingxelo zeMali - ngamanye amaxesha ukufumana iingxelo zemali kwiinkampani zangaphandle kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-website yazo kuneenkqubo zokufakela ilizwe.
• Inkcazo yeNkampani - Inkcazo yeenkampani inokubonelela ngokugqithiseleyo kokusebenza kwangaphambili, kunye nokucwangciswa kwekota okanye unyaka.

• Iindaba / Ukukhishwa kweeendaba - Iindaba zeenkampani kunye nokukhutshwa kogcino-nkcukacha zingabandakanya ubutyebi beenkcukacha malunga nokusebenza kwansuku zonke kunye nokusebenza kwezezimali.
• Iinkcukacha zoNxibelelwano - Ootitshala bezoTyalo-mali, njenge-Offers Officers Officers, bangaba luncedo olukhulu kubatyalomali bafuna into abangayifumani kwenye indawo.

# 3: Abahlalutyi

Abahlalutyi bamashishini bangaba ngumthombo omkhulu wolwazi kubatyalomali. Nangona abahlalutyi bamacandelo athengisa ukuhlaselwa ngamanye amaxesha, banokunikela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo kwindawo enye. Oku kwenza ukuba uphando lulula kakhulu, ngakumbi kubatyalomali bamazwe ngamazwe. Abahlalutyi bamacandelo athengiweyo ngumthombo ongcono ngakumbi wolwazi, kuba ngokuqhelekileyo abaxhamli, kodwa uphando lwabo ngokuqhelekileyo alufumanekanga ngokubanzi.

Iingxelo ze-Analyst zifumaneka kwiindawo ezibandakanya:

• I-Stock Brokers - Abaninzi bamashishini abathengi banikezela ukufikelela kwiingxelo ezithile zabahlalutyi kubathengi babo, kubandakanywa amaninzi amanqaku okuthengisa ama-brokerage kwiminyaka yamuva.
• Iinkampani - Ezinye iinkampani zinikela ngophando lwabahlalutyi kubanini-mali, mhlawumbi ngewebhu okanye nge-imeyile okanye isicelo sefowuni.
• IiWebhsayithi / IiNkonzo - Ezinye ii-arhente zeendaba zibhalwa malunga nophando lwabahlalutyi, ngelixa iinkonzo ezinjengeTheFlyOnTheWall zibonelela nge-synopsis kubathengi babo.