Indlela i-SEC isekukhusela ngayo kwaye ikhusela enye inkxwaleko
Yintoni i-SEC
I-SEC isebenza ngokuzithemba kwi-stock market yase-US. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni okunamandla koqoqosho lwe-US.
Ukwenza oku ngokubonelela ngokucacileyo ekusebenzeni kweenkampani zase-US. Iqinisekisa ukuba abatyali-mali banokufumana ulwazi oluchanileyo malunga nokuzuza kweenkampani.
Okuvumela abatyali-mali ukuba baqikelele intengo efanelekileyo kwi-stock of the company. Ngaphandle kokungabonakali, imarike yemasheya iya kuba yingozi kwiintshukumo ezinjengeenkcukacha ezifihliweyo ziphuma. Ukuntuleka kokubonakaliswa kwaba yiyo isizathu sokungaphumeleli kuka-Enron. Kwakungekho ukuhluleka kwi-SEC, nangona kunjalo. U-Enron wayeqamba amanga kwi-SEC.
IKhomishoni ityhutshisa abaphulaphuli njengo-Enron. Ikwazisola ngokurhweba kwi-insider, ukuphathwa ngokuzikhethela kweemarike, nokuthengisa izitokhwe kunye nezibophelelo ngaphandle kokubhalisa ngokufanelekileyo.
Kukho inkxalabo yokuba i-SEC isebenze kangangoko ngexesha lolawulo lweTrump . Ukususela ngoFebruwari ukuya kuSeptemba, ngo-2017, i-ejensi yaqokelela i-$ 127 yezigidi kwizigwebo zomntu kwiinkampani ezili-15. Oku kuncinci kunezigidi ezingama-702 eziqokelelwa kwiimeko ezingama-43 ngexesha elifanayo ngo-2016.
I-SEC Organisation
I-SEC isekhomishina abahlanu abaqeshwe ngumongameli wase-US. Baxhaswa ngabasebenzi abangama-3,100 abakwiofisi ezili-18 kulo lonke ilizwe.
I-SEC inamacandelo amahlanu. Icandelo leNkampani yezeMali lihlaziya iimfuno zokufakela iinkampani. Iqinisekisa ukuba loo maxwebhu apheleleyo kwaye achanileyo.
Okuvumela abatyali-mali ukuba baqonde impilo yenkampani.
Icandelo loRhwebi kunye neMakethi ligcina imigangatho elawula iimarike zamasheya. Ijongene nokuthengiselana kwamasheya kunye neefom Kwakhona kugcina ukugcinwa kwenkqubo kwimibutho yokuzilawula. Ezi ziquka iGunya loLawulo lweShishini lezeMali, iBhodi ye-Rulemaking Board kunye nee-arhente zokucoca ezijongene nokulungiswa kwezorhwebo. Icandelo liphinde lijongise i-Securities Investor Protection Corporation. Leyo yinkampani yangasese, engekho inzuzo eqinisekisa iakhawunti yamakhasimende xa kuthengiswa inkampani yomrhwebi.
Icandelo loLawulo lwezoTyalo-mali lilawula iinkampani zokulawula utyalo-mali, kubandakanywa iimali kunye kunye nezibonelelo eziguqukayo. Ihlola amaxwebhu angeniswe phantsi kwe- Sarbanes-Oxley Act ka-2002 .
Icandelo lokuQinisekisa liphanda kwaye litshutshise ukuphulwa kwemithetho yokhuseleko kunye nemimiselo. Iyaqhuba uphando ngasese. Ingasebenzisa umyalelo osesikweni wokuphanda ukufaka ubungqina kwiingqungquthela zokufaka ubungqina kunye nokuvelisa amaxwebhu afanelekileyo. Icandelo libonisa iziphumo zalo kwiKhomishoni yeSibini, evumela ukuba ifake i-case in court court. Ngokuqhelekileyo iKomishoni ibeka ityala ngaphandle kwenkundla.
Icandelo loHlolo loHlolo lwezoQoqosho kunye neNgcipheko lunikeza ukuhlalutya kwezoqoqosho kunye nobungozi kwezinye iindawo. Ixela ukuba indlela echongiweyo ye-SEC iya kuthintela ngayo iimarike kunye noqoqosho. Uqwalasela ingozi enkulu kwiimarike. Ibonelela ngokukhawuleza kwimisebenzi yobuqhetseba.
Indlela iSibini ithintela ngayo uqoqosho lwe-US
I-SEC yenza ukwanda kunye nokuthembela kwi-stock market yase-US. Esi sizathu esikhulu sokuba i- New York Stock Exchange yintsebenziswano eyinkqonkqo kakhulu kwaye ithandwa kakhulu kwihlabathi. Oku kubonakala kukukhangela ibhizinisi elikhulu kumaziko emali ase-US, kuquka amabhanki kunye neefomthetho zomthetho
Kwakhona kwenza kube lula ukuba iinkampani zikhuphe umrhumo wokuqala woluntu . Ukuba 'xa bekhulile ngokwaneleyo badinga ukuthengisa isitokethi ukuxhasa imali yabo yesigaba esilandelayo yophuhliso. Ukukhululeka koluntu kunceda iinkampani zase-US zikhule zikhudlwana kwaye zikhawuleze kunezo kwamanye amazwe aneemarike ezincinci.
Umkomishinala weSibini uhlala kwiBhunga loLawulo lokuSigxina kwezeMali. UMthetho we- Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform wawusungula ibhunga emva kweengxaki zemali ka-2008. Ubheka ubuthathaka kwiimarike zemali ezingabangela enye ingxaki.
Indlela iSibini iyakuchaphazela ngayo
ISibini iyakuchaphazela ngokwenza kube lukhuselekileyo ukuba uthenge amasheya, iibhondi, kunye neemali ezihlangeneyo . Ayinakulawula i- hedge funds okanye i-derivatives. I-SEC inika ulwazi oluninzi ukukunceda utyalomali.
UDodd-Frank ufuna i-SEC ukuba ifunde ukufunda ngemali kumyinge-mali waseMelika. Kufumanise ukuba abatshali-mali abaninzi abaziqondi izinto ezisiseko zokuthengisa iimveliso okanye uqoqosho. Yacetyiswa iindlela zokuphucula ulwazi lwabatyalomali.
Eyona nto iluncedo kuwe kukudalwa kwe-Investor.gov. Inika imfundo engundoqo, njengendlela iimakethi zisebenza ngayo, ukwabiwa kwempahla kunye nokuhlaziywa kwezicwangciso ezahlukeneyo zomhlalaphantsi. Kwakhona ine candelo malunga nendlela yokukhetha uMthengisi. Unokufumana ukuba umthengisi wakho ubhalisiwe. Ikunika iinqanaba ezinhlanu zokuphepha ukunyanzelisa imali.
Isayithi ikunika amathuluzi okucwangcisa imali. Ingakuxelela ukuba uninzi kangakanani umhlalaphantsi. Uyakwazi ukufumana indlela iimali ezichaphazela ngayo utyalo-mali. Ungakwazi nokufunda indlela yokulawula iimali zomzali ongenakulungiswa.
Imbali
Ngomnyaka we-1934, iCongress yakha i-SEC ukubuyisela ukuzithemba koluntu kwiimarike zemali emva kokuhlaselwa kwemakethe ye-1929 . Usihlalo wokuqala nguJoseph Kennedy, uyise kaMongameli uJohn F. Kennedy .
I-Securities Exchange Act ka-1934 yenze i-SEC ngokwayo. Kodwa ayikwazanga ukuphumelela kuMthetho we-Securities Act ka-1933. Kwakudinga ukuba iinkampani zikarhulumente zibhalise iimpahla zabo zokuthengisa. Oko kwakuthetha ukuba kufuneka bachonge ukuba ngubani owona mnikazi. Ngaphambi koMthetho, iqela elincinci liya kubamba inxaxheba yesabelo samasheya. Baya kuqhuba iimarike kungekho mntu wazi.
Umthetho weNkampani ka-1935 weNkampani yoLondolozo lweeNkampani oLuntu unqanyulile iinkampani ezithintelayo ngaphezulu kokuphindwe kabini kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo ezinobungozi babo. Oko kwakuthetha ukuba iinkampani zokubamba zingasakwazi ukufihla ubunini beenkampani ezixhamlayo. Isenzo sasivumela i-SEC ukuba idibanise ukuhlanganiswa okukhulu kwenkonzo kwiinkampani ezincinci, ezisekelwe kwimihlaba. Kwakhona kwakha iifomishoni zommandla zendawo zokulawula iirhafu zamashishini.