Uphulo olubi kakhulu kwimbali yase-US
Ngaphezulu, jonga nini i-Depression Great Departed?
Kweneke ntoni
Umhla wokuqala wokuphazamiseka kwaba nguLwesine omnyama . I-Dow ivuliwe ngo-305.85. Ngokukhawuleza yawa ngama-11 ekhulwini, ebonisa ukulungiswa kwemarike yemasheya . Ukuhweba kwakuyi-triple ivolumu evamile. Iibhanki zaseWall Street zithenga ngeengqungquthela izabelo ukuze ziqhube. Isicwangciso sisebenza. Ekupheleni kosuku, i-Dow yehle phantsi kweepesenti ezi-2 kuphela.
NgoLwesihlanu, ukukhula okulungileyo kuqhubekile. I-Dow iphakame ipesenti ezili-30 ukuya kwi-301.22. Usuku olutshanje loshishino ngomhla weMgqibelo walususa loo nto. I-Dow ivaliwe ngo-298.97.
NgoMvulo ngoMsombuluko , ngo-Oktobha 28, iDow yawa ngama-13 ukuya kuma-260.64.
Ngomso wangoLwesibili omnyama . I-Dow yawa ngama-12 ukuya kuma-230.07. Abatyala abatyhatywayo bathengisa ii-16,410,310 izabelo. (Umthombo: uSamuel H. Williamson, "Ukubaluleka kwansuku zonke kweDow Jones Umyinge, 1885 ukuya kuthi," UkulinganisaWorth, ngo-2016. "I-Market Market Crash ka-1929," History.com, Novemba 25, 2016.)
Izizathu
Iveki yentengo yemarike yemasheya yaqala ngolunye usuku.
NgoLwesibini, i-New York Times yeentloko zikhuthaza ukuxhalaba ngamanqaku malunga nabathengisi bemida, ukuthengisa okufutshane kunye nokuphuma kwabatyala-mali basemzini.
I-Dow isele ihlawule iipesenti ezingama-20 ukusuka kwi-Septemba 3 ephakamileyo. Oko kwakuchaza i-market bear. Ekupheleni kukaSeptemba, abatyali-mali babekhathazekile ngokunyuka okukhulu kweemarike zaseBrithani.
Abanini-mali beClarence Hatry balahlekelwa iibhiliyoni xa befumanisa ukuba wayesebenzisa ubuqhophololo ukuthenga i-United Steel. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva koko, uKhansela waseBrithani omkhulu we-Exchequer, uFiliphu Snowden, wachaza imakethe ye-stock market yaseMelika "njengengcamango yokucinga." Ngomso, amaphephandaba ase-US avumile. Bacaphuna uNobhala we-Nondyebo ka-US uAndretha Mellon, owathi abathengi-mali "benza njengokuba inani lemali elithengiswayo liza kusengaphambili."
Ekuphenduleni, i-Dow iyanqabile kakhulu kwezo zimbini, kwaye kwakhona ngo-Oktobha 16. Ngomhla wama-19 no-20, iWashington Post yabika i-drop drop stocks. (Umthombo: "I-Crash Market ye-1929.")
Ngomhla ngaphambi koLwesine omnyama, iicandelo laseWashington zathi "I-Wave Selling Wave idala kufuphi ne-Panic njengoko i-Stocks iphela," ngelixa iThe Times yakhala "amaxabiso eentengo zokuhlaselwa kwamanzi." NgoLwesine uLwesine, ukwethuka kwakusekwe ukukhwabanisa kweemakethe ezimbi kakhulu kwimbali.
Ukuphahlazeka kwalandelwa ibhola lomhlaba . Ukususela ngo-1922, imarike yemasheya yenyuka ngama-20 ekhulwini ngonyaka. Wonke umntu utyalomali, ngenxa yemali ebizwa ngokuthi "ukuthenga" kwimida. Kwayekelela abantu ukuboleka imali kumthengisi wabo ukuthenga amasheya. Babefuna kuphela ukubeka phantsi iipesenti ezi-10-20.
Ukutshala imali ngale ndlela kwanegalelo ekuphumeni okungaqhelekanga kweMinyaka engama-28 . (Umthombo: Amanani eDow asetshenziswe kwi-Yahoo Finance DJIA Iimpahla zeMbali.)
I ziphumo
Ukuphahlazeka kwasula abantu. Kukho nyanzelwa ukuba bathengise amashishini kunye nemali kwimali yokugcina imali. Kungenxa yokuba abadayisi baqeshwe kwiimali-mboleko zabo xa i-market market iqala ukuwa. Abantu bafuna ukufumana imali eyaneleyo yokuhlawula iindawo zabo zokungena. Balahlekelwa ukholo kwiWall Street . Awunakho uqoqosho olusempilweni ngaphandle kokuzithemba kwimarike.
NgoJulayi 8, 1933, i-Dow yayingaphantsi kwe-41.22. Kwakuyi-90 yeepesenti yokulahlekelwa kwirekhodi-ephakamileyo ye-381.2 ngoSeptemba 3, 1929. Yayiyeyona nto imakethi yeebhere ebi kakhulu ngokwelahleko yepesenti kwimbali yamandulo ye-US. Inzuzo enkulu yeentsuku zemihla-nye yenzeke ngeli xesha. Ngomhla ka-15 Matshi, 1933, i-Dow yavuka ngama-15.34 ekhulwini, inzuzo yeengongoma eziyi-8.26, ukuvala ngo-62.10.
Kwathatha iminyaka engama-25 ukuba iDow iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde ibe yi-Septemba 3 phezulu. Phakathi kowe-1935 no-1940, i-Dow yaguquka. Kwafika phezulu kuma-194 ekuqaleni kwawo-1937 ngaphambi kokuwa ku-98 ngonyaka kamva. Ngaphezulu, jonga ixesha elide lokuCaluleka okukhulu.
Uxinzelelo olubhubhisiswe uqoqosho lwase-US . Iingxowa zawa ngamaphesenti angama-42 njengoko ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwanda kuma-25 ekhulwini. Ukukhula koqoqosho lwe- US kuye kwehla kuma-50 ekhulwini kwaye urhwebo lwehlabathi luye lwaba ngama-65 ekhulwini. Kungenxa yokuba amaxabiso awela ama-10 ekhulwini ngonyaka, ngenxa yokuchasana .
Okunye ukuphazamiseka kweemakethe ezidlulileyo kwikhokelela kukhokelela ekutyekeni kweminyaka ka - 2001 kunye neRest Recession ka-2008 .
I-Market Market Crash ye-1929 Facts
- Ngowe-Matshi 1929 - I-Dow yawa, kodwa ibhanki iqinisekisile abatyalo-mali.
- Agasti 8 - I- Federal Reserve Bank yaseNew York iphakanyise izinga lokunciphisa ukuya kuma-6 ekhulwini.
- NgoSeptemba 3 - I-Dow ibanjwe kwi-381.17. Kwakukho ukwanda kweepesenti ezingama-27 kunyaka ongaphambili.
- NgoSeptemba 26 - Ibhanki yaseNgilani yenyusa izinga layo ukukhusela izinga legolide .
- NgoSeptemba 29, 1929 - I-Hatry Case yenze iimakethe zaseBrithani zithuthumele.
- Oktobha 3 - I-Chancellor Great Britain ye-Exchequer uPhillip Snowden wabiza i-stock market ye-stock "yaseYurophu".
- Oktobha 4 - I-Wall Street Journal kunye neNew York Times yavumelana no-Snowden.
- Oktobha 24 - ngoLwesine omnyama.
- Oktobha 28 - ngoMsombuluko omnyama.
- Oktobha 29 - uLwesibili uLwesibili.
- Ngowe-1933 - uMongameli uRoosevelt uqalise i- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ukuba iqinisekise idizithi yebhanki. Emva kokuphazamiseka, iibhanki zanele ngokwaneleyo ukuhlonipha iicenti ezili-10 kuwo wonke amadola. Kungenxa yokuba babesebenzisa imali yabo yokugcina imali, ngaphandle kolwazi lwabo, ukuthenga amasheya.
- NgoNovemba 23, 1954 - I-Dow yagqitywa kwakhona ngo-Septemba 3, 1929, ephakamileyo, evala ngo-383.