Kwaqalwa inyanga Ngaphambi kweCash Market Market
Kwiintsuku ezine kamva, ilungu leBhodi yeBhodi yokuGcina i-Federal Reserve uCharles Mitchell inikeze i-$ 25 yezigidi kwiBhanki yeSizwe yeSizwe ukuba ibambe isilayidi.
Ngo-Agasti waloo nyaka, uqoqosho lwaqala ukuvumelwano. Ukuthengiswa kweRetail kuye kwehla, nangona amanqanaba aphezulu atyalalwa ngabathengi. Ukuthengiswa kweenqwelo zezimoto kwawa, ukuqhuba umgangatho wokuthengisa I- Federal Reserve kufuneka iyanciphise amazinga okulwa nokunciphisa . Kunoko, iphakanyise izinga lokunciphisa ukusuka kuma-5 ukuya kuma-6 ekhulwini ukukhusela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso. Kwakhona kwakufuna ukukhusela izinga legolide . Ngelo xesha, ixabiso leedola lalixhaswa ngexabiso legolide . Urhulumente wase-United States wathembisa ukukhulula nayiphina idola ngokuxabisa kwayo ngegolide.
Imarike yemasheya yaqhubeka iphakama de ifikelele kwingxelo ye-381.2 ngoSeptemba 3. Ekupheleni kukaSeptemba, i-Hatry Case ibanjwe ngabatyala-mali. UClarence Hatry wayesebenzisa ubuqhophololo ukuthenga i-United Steel. Othumele imakethe yaseBrithani yokunyuka.
I-Chancellor yaseNgilani ye-Exchequer ebizwa ngokuba yimakethe ye-stock market yaseMelika "into epheleleyo yokucinga." UNobhala we-Nondyebo wase-United States u- Andrew Mellon uthe abatyali-mali "benza njengokuba inani lemali yokubambisa liza kuqhubeka." I-Dow idibene kakhulu kwizo zombini iintsuku. Ekupheleni kukaOktobha, kwawa kweepesenti ezingama-20.
Ukukhwabaniswa kweSitokhwe seShishini
Ukuhlaselwa koMnyama kweLwesine kwenzeka ngo-Oktobha 24. NgoLwesibini olumnyama olulandelayo , amanani emasheya awile ngamaphesenti angama-23. Ukuhlaselwa kwemakethe ye-stock market ka-1929 kubiza iindleko zeebhiliyoni ezingama-30 ezigidi-mali, ezilingana neebhiliyoni ezingama-396 zeebhiliyoni namhlanje. Eyesabisa uluntu ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwemali ngaphezu kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I.
Ukuphazamiseka kwaye kwasiza ukuguqulwa kweemali kwixinzelelo. Kungenxa yokuba yonakalisa ukuzithemba kwezoqoqosho. Ngelo xesha, abaninzi abantu bacinga ukuba imarike yemasheya ibonakalisa ngokuchanekileyo kwimeko yoqoqosho. Abazange bazi ukuba bekuyi-bubble ye-assets. Kwathatha iminyaka engama-25 ukuba iDow iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde ibe yi-Septemba 3 phezulu.
Emva kweCrash
Emva kokuphazamiseka, abatyali-mali abasele bajika kwiimarike zemali . NgoSeptemba 1931, bathengisa iidola zase-US baza bathenga igolide esikhundleni. I-Fed yaphakamisa amaxabiso omdla kwakhona ukugcina ixabiso le dollar . Kwakhona kusetyenziswe imisebenzi evulekileyo yemarike yokufaka indawo yokugcina imali yeebhanki kunye ne-US Treasury kunye nezinye iziqinisekiso. Ngaphandle kwemali eyaneleyo yokuboleka, iibhanki zahluleka. Abaxhasi baxhatshazwa, bashiya imali yabo, bawubeka phantsi kweemitha zabo. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo wenkxaso-mali obunzima wenza ukuba iipesenti ezingama-30 ziyeke ukunikezelwa kwemali . Oku thumele amaxabiso aphantsi kweepesenti ezili-10 ngonyaka.
Amashishini athatyathwa. Le ngxaki yathumela izigidi ngaphandle komsebenzi.
Ekuqaleni kowe-1930, isomiso sokuqala seDust Bowl sagqithiselwa eMidwest. Kwiminyaka eyi-10 ezayo, isondlo sonakalisa imboni yezolimo eMelika. Oku kwabangela ngakumbi ukuxinezeleka ngokuthumela amawaka amafama ezitalatweni ukufumana umsebenzi. Zaphelile, njengabanye abaninzi, kwiindawo eziqingqiweyo ezibizwa ngokuba yi " Hoovervilles ."
Ngowe-Matshi 1933, uqoqosho lwaye lwahlahlela iipesenti ezingama-27. Kwakuyintlukwano eyona mbi kwimbali yase-US, izihlandlo ezinhlanu zibi ngaphezu kweNkulumbuso enkulu. Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kuye kwaphakama ukusuka kuma-3 ukuya kweepesenti ezingama-25 kubasebenzi besizwe. Kwabo bahlala benamathuba emisebenzi, iholo lawa ngama-42 ekhulwini. I-Congress yadlulisela uMthetho woTywala we-Smoot-Hawley ukukhusela imisebenzi yasekhaya. Amanye amazwe abuyisela, okwenza ukuba urhwebo lwehlabathi lugqibe ngamaphesenti angu-65.
I-Depression Great yaqala ukuphakamisa ngo-1932, xa uFranklin D. Roosevelt ukhethwe ngumongameli.
Kwiintsuku zokuqala eziyi-100, wasayina iNew Deal ibe ngumthetho. Kwakuqulethwe ngamanyathelo angama-42 adala imisebenzi kunye nabasebenzi abaxhasiweyo. Abaninzi babo, kubandakanywa noKhuselo loLuntu , iKhomishana ye - Securities and Exchange , kunye ne- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation basesekhoyo kwaye bancedisa ukuthintela enye inkxwaleko. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ukuCalukana Okukhulu kunokwenzeka kwakhona .