Usuku olubi kunazo zonke kwi-History Street Wall
Ngethuba leentsuku ezine zokuphazamiseka, i- Dow Jones Industrial Average yawa phantsi kweepesenti ezingama-25 kwaye abatyali-mali balahlekelwa yi-$ 30 billion. Kwakuphindwe kabini ngaphezu kwebhajethi ye-federal ye-1929.
Kwakungaphezulu kwe-United States eyayichithe kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I.
Emva kokuphazamiseka, amanani emasheya aqhubeka ewa. Bawubetha phantsi kwabo ngo-1929 ngeNovemba 13. Ngelo xesha, ngaphezulu kwama-dollar ayizigidi eziyi-100 kuye kwaphela kwindalo ye-America. Kwimiqathango yanamhlanje, loo nto yayifanele i-$ 1.3 trillion.
ULwesibili omnyama lukhuphe i-Great Depression . Oku kulandelelwano kwakukho ukulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo kwiinkqubo zemali zase-US. I-Dow ayizange iphinde iqhubekele phambili kuze kube nguNovemba 23, 1954.
Kweneke ntoni
Ngethuba le-bell yokuvula ibhala, i-Dow yawa ngamanqaku angama-8 ukuya ku-252.6. Abathengisi abatyebileyo babememeza esithi "Thengisa! Thengisa!" ngokukhawuleza kangangokuthi akukho mntu wayiva intsimbi. Ngesiqingatha seyure, bathengisa izabelo ezigidi ezintathu kwaye balahlekelwa i-$ 2 yezigidi.
Njengoko imini yayigqoke, iDow yawela ku-212.33. Itheyibhile yekhayibhile eyabhengeza amaxabiso e-stocks yayingekho emva kweeyure. Oku kuthetha ukuba abatyalo-mali babengazi ukuba belahlekelwa phi. Baye baqamba ngokuthi abadayisi babo.
Xa bengenakukwazi ukuhamba, bathumela i-telegram. I-Western Union yathi inani layo leetramagram liphindwe kabini ngaloo mini.
Emva koko, abahwebi babhala ngokubhaliweyo ngamaphepha ephepha. Kwakukho imisebenzi eninzi kangangokuthi i-oda yaxhaswa. Abahwebi bawafaka nje emathini okudosa. Ukuqhaqhaqhaza kwaqhambuka, kunye nomthengisi omnye wawa.
Emva kokuba evuselelekile, wabuyiselwa emsebenzini. Amalungu ebhodi le-NYSE babesaba ukuba baya kubenza baxakeke ngakumbi xa bevale imarike.
Iibhanki ezibalaseleyo zomhla zazama ukuyeka ukuphazamiseka. UMasipala waseMorgan, iBhanki yeSizwe kunye neSizwe seSixeko saseNew York bathenga izabelo zesitokisi s. Babefuna ukubuyisela ukuzithemba kwimarike yemasheya . Kunoko, ukungenelela kwakuchaza ngokuthe ngqo. Abatyalomali babubona njengesibonakaliso sokuba iibhanki zazixakekile. Xa imarike ivaliwe ngo-3 ntambama, ilahlekelwe iipesenti ezili-11 zexabiso layo, ukuvalwa kwi-230.7.
Yintoni eyenza uLwesibili uLwesibili
Ingxenye yenkxalabo eyenza ukuba uLwesibini omnyama kubangelwe ekubeni abatyala-mali badlala njani i-market market kuma-1920. Abazange bafikelele ngokukhawuleza ngolwazi olunjengoko benzayo namhlanje. Kunokuba i-intanethi, amanani esitokisi aboniswe ngeteksi yomshini we-ticker, owashicilela amaxabiso kwiphepha lephepha. Njengamaxabiso esabelo sahla ngoLwesibili oluMnyama, ukwethuka kwabakho ngenxa yokuba akukho mntu wayazi ukuba kubi kangakanani. Kungenxa yokuba amateyipu e-ticker akwazi ukuqhubeka nokuhamba kwexabiso lentengo.
Kwakuyi-pandemonium kumgangatho we-stock exchange. Abathengi bakhala bakhala. Ezinye zawa phantsi xa zineendaba ezimbi malunga nexabiso lentengo.
Izihlwele zenziwe ngaphandle kwe-NYSE. Amapolisa abizwa ukuba agcine umyalelo.
Esinye isizathu sokwesaba kwakuyindlela entsha yokuthenga amasheya , okubizwa ngokuthi ukuthenga kwimida . Abatyalomali banokubeka amagosa amaninzi kwi- stock stock nge-10% kuphela okanye kwi-20 ekhulwini. Basebenzisa imali ababoleke kuyo kubathengi babo. Xa amaxabiso esitokisi awa, abadayiseli babibiza ngemali mboleko. Abantu abaninzi bafumana ukuhlawula imali yokubolekisa imali yabo yonke imali yokugcina imali. Ukuphelelwa lithemba, abanye bavele bephuma ngaphandle kweefestile. Iingqungquthela ezingamashumi amabini zidlulile. Amabhalana ehotele eNew York aya kubuza ngeendwendwe zabo, "Ufuna igumbi lokulala okanye ukugxuma?"
Indlela uLwesibini oMnyama owawusiza ngayo isizathu sokuPhukisa okukhulu
Ukulahleka kweLibini ngoLwesibili kutshabalalise ithemba kwizoqoqosho. Ukulahlekelwa yintembelo kuye kwabangela ukuCaluleka okukhulu . Ngaloo mihla, abantu babekholelwa ukuba imarike yemasheya yayiqoqosho.
Into efanelekileyo kwiWall Street yayicinga ukuba ilungile kwiSitalato esikhulu. Ukukhwabanisa kwemarike yemasheya kubangele abantu baxoshe yonke imali yabo yokugcina imali, ebizwa ngokuba yi-run on the banks. Iibhanki zazingenayo imali eyaneleyo kwaye zanyanzeleka ukuba zivale. Xa zivulwa kwakhona, zanikela kuphela iisenti ezilishumi kwiidola zonke ababezifakile. Kwakungekho nkonzo ye- inshurensi ye-Federal Deposit ukuqinisekisa ukugcina imali.
Abatyalomali bashiya imarike yemasheya baza baqalisa ukubeka imali yabo kwimpahla . Ngenxa yoko, ixabiso legolide likhulile. Ngaloo xesha, iUnited States yayisezingeni legolide kwaye lathembisa ukuhlonipha idola ngalinye ngexabiso layo kwigolide. Njengoko abantu baqala ukuguqula iidola zegolide, urhulumente wase-US waqala ukuxhalabisa yayiza kuphuma nge golide.
I- Federal Reserve yazama ukuza kuhlangula ngokunyusa inani le dollar . Yenza oku ngokunyusa amaxabiso , okunciphisa ukuthengiswa kwamashishini. Kodwa, ngaphandle kwemali yokukhula, iinkampani zaqala ukulahla abasebenzi. Oko kwakha uqoqosho olunzulu oluhlawulezayo oluye lwaba yiNtlupheko Enkulu.
Izibalo
| Usuku | Umhla | Vula | Vala | Ipesenti yenguqu | Izabelo ezithengiswayo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NgoLwesine omnyama | Oktobha 24 | 305.85 | 299.47 | -2% | 12,894,650 |
| uLwesihlanu | Oktobha 25 | 299.47 | 301.22 | 1% | 6,000,000 |
| uMgqibelo | Oktobha 26 | 301.22 | 298.97 | -1% | |
| NgoMvulo ngoMnyama | Oktobha 28 | 298.97 | 260.64 | -13% | 9,250,000 |
| NgoLwesibili omnyama | Oktobha 29 | 260.64 | 230.07 | -12% | 16,410,000 |
Ekujuleni: Iimiphumo zeNtlungu yokuPhukisa | Isihlandlo seNtluphelo Ephezulu