I-New York Stock Exchange itholakala kwi-11 Street Wall.
Ekufuphi, kodwa esacinga ukuba yinxalenye yeWall Street, ngamanye amashishini ayisithandathu. Ibhange leNew York Federal Reserve li-33 Liberty Street. I- NASDAQ OMX ikwa -1 indawo yokukhulula. I-Goldman Sachs i-200 West Street, kwaye i-JPMorgan Chase i-200 Park Avenue. I-NYMEX i-One North End Avenue kwiziko lezeMali zeSizwe. Kwaye i-Wall Street Journal ayikho kwiWall Street ngokwayo. Ku-1211 Ivenkile yamaMerika.
Ingaba isebenza kanjani
I-Wall Street ibonisa iimarike zemali ze-US, ezibandakanya imarike yemasheya , i- market market , i- market market , i- market and future market . Injongo yokuqala yeemarike zentengiso yayikuphakamisa imali ukuze iinkampani zikhule, zibe nenzuzo kwaye zenze imisebenzi . Nangona kunjalo, ukuthengiswa kwamasheya kuye kwaba nenzuzo kwaye ngokwalo ukuba ukuhweba kusekwe malunga nantoni na ongayicinga ngayo, kunye nezinto ezininzi ongenakuze uzicinge.
Yintoni eyashintsha iWall Street? Enye into, ukupheliswa komthetho we- Glass-Steagall Act ngo-1999. Oku kwavumela naliphi na ibhanki ukuba isebenzise imali yokubeka imali kwi-depositors ekutyaleni kwiimfucumfucu eziyinkimbinkimbi ezibizwa ngokuba yi- derivatives . Baxhomekeke kwixabiso lazo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemboleko, kubandakanya iitaliti zamatyala ekhredithi, izibophelelo zenkampani, kunye nemali yokuthenga imali.
Ngokungafani neempahla kunye nezibhonkco, ezi ziphumo azilawulwa.
Ukuphazamiseka Kweembali
Ukuthotywa kwaba sisinye sezizathu zeengxaki zemali ka - 2008 . Iziphumo ezisekelwe kwiimali-mboleko zibizwa ngokuba yi- mortgage-backed securities . Baqinisekiswa ngenye intsha ye-Wall Street ebizwa ngokuba yi- credit default swaps . Zonke ezi zinto zithengiswa ngempumelelo kwiimarike zesekondari kwaze kwaba yilapho amaxabiso ezindlu aqala ukuwa ngo-2006. Imali-mboleko yangaphantsi yaqala ukungafi, kwaye akukho mntu wayazi indlela yokuhlawula imali yokubambisa imali. Kwakukho ukungalingani kangako okokuba iinkampani, ezifana ne-AIG, eziqinisekisa ukuba ityala laphuma ngaphandle kwemali.
I-Wall Street ixakeke, iimarike zentengiso yehlabathi jikelele zisiwe, kwaye iibhanki zayeka ukubolekisa omnye komnye-ukudala ukunyuka kwemali kuninzi ukususela kwiNgcuduko ePhambili yeSitalato esikhulu. Into eye yabeka ukuphazamiseka kukuba urhulumente wesigqeba ubhenela kwi-Wall Street kunye neprogram ye-TARP ngo-2008, nokubuyisela ukuzithemba ngePhumo leStimulus yoQoqosho ngo-2009.
Oku kwakungesihlandlo sokuqala iWall Street esayinqumla iSitalato esikhulu. Ukuhlaselwa kwemakethe ye-stock market ngowe-1929 kwanyusa i- Great Depression . Kwaqala ngo-Oktobha 24, 1929, usuku olubizwa ngokuba nguLwesine omnyama . Kwagqithisa ngoLwesibini omnyama xa iDow ilahlekelwe yonke inzuzo yonyaka ngeeyure ezimbalwa nje.
Iibhanki zaseWall Street zahluleka ukuzama ukuyeka ukunciphisa amanani esitokisi.
Abanini-zimali ngabaninzi babebeke imali yabo yokugcina imali kwi-market. Xa bephelile, balahlekelwa ithemba kwiWall Street kunye noqoqosho lwaseMelika. Abanye bawashiya yonke imali yabo yokugcina imali kwiibhanki, zaza zawa. Abantu abaninzi babecinga ukuba iWall Street yayinomnotho . Kwakuphela kwemali yokurhweba karhulumente kwiNkqubo entsha kunye neMfazwe yehlabathi II eyavuselela ukukhula koqoqosho.
Ngo-2010, iCongress yadlulisela uMthetho we- Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act ukukhusela enye inkathazo yezemali ngokunika urhulumente wesigqeba ngakumbi kwi-Wall Street. Ngokomzekelo, iifenki zezimali zebhanki ezinjengeengcingo zemali zafuneka ukuba zibhalise kunye neKhomishoni yezoThutho kunye noTshintsho kunye nokubonelela ngolwazi malunga nokuhweba kwabo kunye namaziko onke.
Ukuba nayiphi na iifenimali zezemali zikhulu kakhulu ukuba zingaphumeleli , iKomiti yeNtlawulo yezeMali yakwaDodd-Frank ingancoma ukuba ilawulwe yi- Federal Reserve .
I-Dodd-Frank ifuna ukuba iimveliso ezikhuselekileyo zilawulwe yiSET okanye iKomishoni yokuThengiswa kweeNkxaso. Yacela ama-arhente ukuba amise i-derivatives indlu yokucoca, njenge-stock exchange, ukwenza ezo ntengiso zibalale ngakumbi.
Imbali
I-Wall Street yahamba kunye nodonga olwakhiwe xa iNew York yayiseyona i-Dutch Colony. Emva koko-uMbusi uPeter Stuyvesant wayala udonga lwamatye onama-10 olukhusela ipensila ephantsi evela eBritish nakumaMerika. Kamva yaba yindawo yokuthengisa izitalato apho abahwebi badibene khona phantsi komthi obizwa ngokuba yi-buttonwood. Ngo-1792 aba bathengisi baqulunqa imithetho yomdlalo kwaye badala iNew York Stock Exchange.
I-Occupy Wall Street Movement
I-Street-Occupy Wall Street yenye enye indlela yokusabela ngayo ingxaki yemali. "Inkqubo yokuchasene nenkokheli" yayo yaqala ngoSeptemba 17, 2011, kunye nomsebenzi ongenabundlobongela baseLiberty Square kwisiGqeba sezeMali saseNew York. Kwasasazeka kwimizi engaphezu kwe-1,500 ehlabathini lonke.
I-Occupy Wall Street echasene nokungalingani kwengeniso , apho iipesenti ezili-1 zelizwe jikelele zinama-40 ekhulwini lobutyebi bayo. Batsho iWall Street ngokudala i-crisis crisis, ukutyelela ngokwemali, kunye nokungabikho kwemisebenzi yesikhathi eside . Basebenzela ukubuyisela inkqubo yentando yesininzi. Bathi balawulwa yimali yaseWall Street, uxhulumaniso kunye namandla. Iimigaqo zazo zoBumbano zi:
- Intando yeninzi inxaxheba.
- Uxanduva lomntu kunye kunye.
- Ukuqaphela amalungelo ngamnye.
- Ukuxhatshazwa okuhlangeneyo.
- Ixabiso elongezelelweyo labasebenzi.
- Ubumfihlo bodwa.
- Imfundo njengelungelo lomntu.
- Ukwenza ubuchwepheshe, ulwazi kunye nenkcubeko ivulekele bonke.
Ukususela ngoko, iqela liye lahlula kwiindawo ezininzi. Iingqinisiso zayo zokungalingani kwemali engenayo, ipesenti ezi-1 kunye nempembelelo yemali enkulu kwezopolitiko ziye zahlala. Ukungalingani kwemali yiplani eyintloko kwinkampu kaHillary Clinton ka-2016. Ukubiza kwayo umvuzo omncinci wesizwe osisigxina wanyuswa ngamadolophu amaninzi, amazwe kunye namaqumrhu. Ukunyuka kweMisebenzi kuqhubekile nabathengi ukuba bajonge ukuxolelwa kwetyala lomfundi.
Bull Street Bull
Inkomo yaseWall Street yinto efanekisela iWall Street. Imarike yenkomo xa ixabiso lentengo liphakama, kwaye libhekwa njengenzuzo ngaphezu kweemakethe zeebhere , nakuba abathengisi be-Wall Street bayakwazi ukwenza imali kuyo nayiphi na imarike. Inkomo yaseThe Wall Street isuswe kwiWall Street ukuya kwi-26.