Izindlela ezine ezimangalisayo ezithintekayo ezithintekayo kwiNtsha namhlanje
I-FDR icetywe iNguqulelo entsha ukuguqula ukunyuka koqoqosho. Injongo yayiyi-relief, recovery, kunye nokulungiswa, kulabo babenzima kakhulu.
Iipolisi
I-FDR iqalise iNkqubo entsha kwiamaza amathathu ukususela ngo-1933-1939.
I-Congress yadlulisa iiprogram ezingama-47 zokuzinzisa inkqubo yezemali yase-US. Banikezela ukuphuhliswa kumafama kunye nemisebenzi kwabangasebenziyo. Bakha kwakhona ubudlelwane bamashishini abucala ukukhuthaza ukuvelisa.
Imigaqo-nkqubo ye-FDR entsha ye-FDR yaqalisa inkolelo yezoqoqosho ze-Keynesian . Yathi imali yokurhweba karhulumente inokuphelisa uxinzelelo ngokukhuthaza abantu abathengi. I-New Deal yayikude kakhulu kuMongameli uHoover "... ungayiva nto, ungaboni nto, ungenzi lutho uRhulumente," uhlekisiwe ngu-FDR kwintetho yakhe yokukhankanya ngo-1936.
I-Hoover yayinemigaqo-nkqubo yokulahla . Wayekholelwa ukuba uqoqosho lwamahishini lwamahhala lwaluya kuzilungisa. Njengoko ukuxinezeleka kugqoke , ingeniso karhulumente yawa, ngoko uHoover wanqumla imali. Wasayina umrhumo we-Smoot-Hawley ukukhusela amashishini ase-US. Wayekholelwa ukuba uphumelelo lwezoshishino luya kunqumla kumntu oqhelekileyo. Kunoko, ukuxinezeleka kunzima kakhulu.
UkuQala okuNtsha kunye neNkqubo zayo
URoosevelt wavulwa ngo-Matshi 4, 1933.
Kwiintsuku zakhe zokuqala eziyi-100 kwi-ofisi, i-FDR yanyusa iCongress ukudlula ii-arhente ezintsha kunye nemithetho. Ngokubambisana, badala "ubukhulu bentsebenziswano kunye neenqabiseko zokhuseleko kunye neenkxaso-mali," ngokutsho kwengxelo-mlando uLawrence Davidson.
- UMthetho oPhezulu weBhanki-ngoMatshi 9: I-FDR ivaliwe zonke iibhanki ngokukhawuleza xa yavulwa ukuyeka ukuqhuba kwebhanki. Yenziwe ngokukhawuleza. Iseshoni ekhethekileyo yeCongress yadlulisela ibhilida ngeeyure ezisixhenxe nangesiqingatha. Lo Mthetho wanika iibhanki ithuba lokuvulwa kwakhona xa abahloli bezifunyenwe ukuba bavikeleke ngokwezimali. Iibhanki eziliwaka ezintlanu zavulwa kwakhona kwiintsuku ezintathu ezizayo.
- UMthetho wezoQoqosho loRhulumenteni-ngoMatshi 20: Khawuhlawule umvuzo wabasebenzi baseburhulumenteni nabasemkhosini ngama-15 ekhulwini. Nciphisa iindleko zikaRhulumente ngama-25 ekhulwini. Iigidi eziyi-1 ezigidi zigcinwe ukuxhasa iiprogram zeNew Deal.
- UMthetho weNgeniso yeBela-iMatshi-Matshi 22: Ukuvalwa kweMiqathango kunye nokuthengiswa kotywala kotywala, ukukhulisa imali yemali.
- UkuLondolozwa koLuntu kwiCandelo - ngo-Matshi 31: Ukukhutshwa ngabasebenzi abayizigidi ezi-3 kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo ukugcina umhlaba karhulumente. Batshala amahlathi, bakha izithintelo zezikhukula kunye neendlela ezigcinwe.
- Ukuxothwa kweGold Standard - U-Epreli 19: I-FDR yayeka ukugijima kwintsimbi exabisekileyo. Wala umntu ukuba atshintshe yonke igolide yeedola.
- UMthetho woNcedo lwe-Emergency Relief Act - Meyi 12: Uxhaswe ngemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kwezolimo, ubugcisa, ukwakhiwa, kunye nemfundo.
- UMthetho woLungiso lwezoLimo - ngoMeyi 12: Amafama ahlawulwayo okunciphisa izityalo. Amaxabiso okuhluma ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngo-1937. Aguqulwa yiNkundla ePhakamileyo ngo-1935 kuba ihlawulise iprojekthi, yanika imali kumafama. Eye yalungiswa ngowe-1938.
- UMthetho weNgxowa-mali weNgxowa-mali oyiNgxamisekileyo - ngoMeyi-12: Wanikela ngemali-mboleko yokugcina iifama kwi-foreclosure.
- Umthetho we-Tennessee Valley Authority - ngoMeyi 18: Izikhululo zamandla ezakhiweyo kwi-Valley Tennessee, kwindawo ehluphekayo kuhlanga.
- UMthetho woTyhuseleko - uMeyi 27: Iinkampani ezifunekayo ukubonelela ngolwazi kubalimi-mali ngaphambi kokukhupha isitokisi.
- Ukuchithwa kweSigqeba sokuThumela iGolide- Juni 5: URhulumente akazange aphinde abuyisele idola ngegolide.
- Umnini weeNdawo zokuQinisekisa uMthetho-Juni 13: Ukumiselwa kweeNkampani zeNgxowa-mboleko zeeNgxowa-mali eziye zahlengahlengiswa imali yokukhusela i-mortgage. Kwakhona kunika imali eyongezelelweyo kubani-mboleko bemali. Xa ivalwe ngo-1935, yayiye yahlengahlengisa imizi enye yezigidi (iipesenti ezingama-20 zazo zonke iindleko zokuhlala emadolobheni).
- Umthetho-I-Glass-Steagall Banking Act - Juni 16: Ulwabiwo-mali olwahlukeneyo kwiibhanki zentengiso , okuthintela ibhanki ukuba isebenzise imali ye-depositors yokutyalomali. Yanikezela umgaqo weebhanki zentengiso kwi-Federal Reserve, ukuthengiswa kwebhanki ekhutshweyo, kunye ne- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation . Uphinde wenziwa ngo-1999 nguMthetho we-Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act .
- UMthetho weSizwe Wokubuyiswa Kwezoshishino - Juni 16: Ukusekwa koLawulo lweMisebenzi yoLuntu ukudala imisebenzi yomsebenzi kawonkewonke, njenge-Golden Gate Bridge ne-New York City yaseTriborough Bridge. Yakha i-National Recovery Administration. Umsebenzi wabantwana ogqityiweyo, umiselwe umvuzo omncinci we-$ 1.25, kwaye ulungelelanise umhla wokusebenza ukuya kwiiyure ezisibhozo. Yanika imibutho yamanyano ilungelo lokusemthethweni lokuxoxisana nabaqeshi. Kwaye kwavakaliswa ukungavumelani nomgaqo-siseko ngo-1935.
- UMthetho woThutho woThutho oluPhezulu - ngo-Juni 16: Ukuzama ukulungelelanisa iinkqubo zendlela zoololiwe, ukunciphisa ukuphindaphinda nokuphucula inzuzo kumashishini oololiwe. Kwaphela ngo-1935.
- Ulawulo lweeNkonzo zoLuntu - u-Novemba 8: Wadala imisebenzi engama-4 ephezulu ehlawulayo ekwakhiweni. Iidolophu kunye needolophu kwakufuneka zongeze kwiiRandi ezingama-400 kwizigidi zemali. ICongress yamkhansela ngo-1934 ngenxa yeendleko.
Ngomnyaka we-1934, abantu abashishino abanomdla bagxeka iNguqulelo entsha ngokubhekiselele kwezopolitiko. Abanye, njengoLolwazi waseLouanaana u-Huey Long, uthe akuzange kwenziwe okwaneleyo kubahluphekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, i-FDR iqhubekele kule nkqubo eyongezelelweyo:
- Umthetho weGold Reserve - ngoJanuwari 30: I-FDR ivinjelwe ubunikazi begolide bobucala. Wandisa inani legolide ukuya kwi-35 engama-ounce, ukusuka kwi-$ 20.67 ngeyunithi apho bekuyiminyaka eyi-100. Iphantse iphindwe kabini ixabiso legolide egcinwe e-Fort Knox ukusuka kwi-$ 4.033 yezigidigidi ukuya kwii-7.348 zeebhiliyoni ezi-$, okwenza i-US ibe ngowona mkhulu umnini wegolide.
- UMthetho wezeZindlu kaZwelonke -Juni 27: Usungulwe ulawulo lweZindlu zoLawulo lweZindlu (FHA) olunikezela i-inshurensi yaseburhulumenteni kwimali yokuthenga imali.
- I-Securities Exchange Act - Yakha iKomishoni ye-Securities and Exchange, elawula ii-stocks kunye ne-stock market.
- UMthetho wezokuXhumana we-Federal - Uhlanganiswe yonke imithetho yolawulo lwefowuni, i-telegraph, kunye noonomathotholo phantsi kwe-Federal Communications Commission.
IiNkqubo zoLwazi lweNtsha zoLutsha
Ngomnyaka we-1935, iNkundla ePhakamileyo yabetha uMthetho weSizwe wokuThuthukiswa kwezeMveliso. Ukuxhalabele ukuba ezinye iiprogram ziya kupheliswa, i-FDR yaqalisa umjikelezo wesibini weenkqubo ezintsha ze-Deal. Ezi zijolise ekunikezeni iinkonzo ezininzi kwabampofu, abangasebenzi kunye namafama. U-FDR uthetha ngokuncedisa "... izigidi ezingazange zenze ithuba - amadoda eminikelo yokulamba indlala, abesifazana abasemagqabini, ama-kids atholakala."
- UMthetho woLondolozo loMhlaba kunye noMthetho woLuntu waseMakhaya-ngoFebruwari 26: Ukuhlawulela abalimi ukutyala izityalo zomhlaba, njengeembotyi kunye neengca, ukulwa neDust Bowl .
- Ukwabiwa koxanduva lwe-Emergency - U-Ephreli 8: Utshintshiselwa i-FERA kwaye uxhaswa ngemali yoLawulo olutsha lweNtsebenzo yoPhuhliso nge-$ 5 yezigidi. Yasebenzisa abantu abayizigidi eziyi-8,5 ukwakha amabhuloho, iindlela, izakhiwo zikawonkewonke, iipaki zorhulumente kunye namaziko eenqwelo-moya. Yayihlawula abaculi ukuba benze iingubo ezi-2,566 kunye neziqwenga ezingu-17,744 zokuhlobisa imisebenzi kawonkewonke.
- Umthetho woMbane waseMaphandleni - ngoMeyi-20: Unikeze imali mboleko kumashishini abambiseneyo ukuze kuveliswe umbane kwimimandla yasemaphandleni.
- UMthetho woBudlelwane beZebasebenzi kaZwelonke / uMthetho wamaGagner - Julayi: Ukukhusela amalungelo abasebenzi ukuba bahlele kunye nokujongana neemeko zokusebenza, okanye ngaphandle kwemanyano, kwaye badala iBhodi yoBudlelwane beZebasebenzi kaZwelonke.
- Umthetho woKuhlaziywa koMhlaba: Ulawulo lwe-Resettlement Administration owenziwa ngamafama aqeqeshiwe kunye nemisebenzi yokulungiswa kwetyala lefama. Yathenga iihektare ezili-10 zezifama zasemzantsi kunye namafama ahlawuliweyo ukuba aguqulwe kwidlelo, kugcinwe, okanye kwiipaki. Yabuyiselwa kwakhona amafama kumhlaba ongcono kwaye wawafundisa iindlela zokulondoloza nokulolu hlobo.
- UMthetho woKhuseleko loLuntu -Agasti: Yakha iNgxowa-mali yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo kunye noLawulo ukubonelela ngeniso kubantu abadala, abayimfama, abakhubazekileyo nabantwana kwimindeni efumana imali engenako.
Iiprogram zoTywala ezintsha zeThathu
Ngomnyaka we-1937, i-FDR yakhupha isenzo esithathu sesitsha. Nangona kunjalo, wayekhathazekile malunga nokulahlekelwa kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, ngoko ayizange ixhaswe ngokubanzi njengoko ezimbini ezidlulileyo.
- UMthetho weZindlu zoManyano waseUnited States (Wagner-Steagall Act): Iiprojekthi zezindlu zoluntu ezixhaswa ngurhulumente.
- Ulawulo lweMandla eBonneville: Ukuhanjiswa kunye nokuthengiswa kwamandla kwiDama laseBonneville, eyakhiwe yi-PWA, kufuphi nasePortland Oregon.
- I-Farm Tenancy Act (i-Bankhead-Jones Farm Actant Act): I-Farmers 'Home Corporation iqulunqe ukubonelela ngemali mboleko kubafama abaqeshisayo ukuba bathenge iifama zabo.
- Ulawulo lwezoKhuseleko lweFama: Ukutshintshwa koLawulo lweRahlawulelo ukubonelela ngemali mboleko kunye noqeqesho kumafama.
Ukuchithwa kwemali kwi-New Deal spending kwanyusa uqoqosho kwi-Depression. I-FDR icele iCongress ukuba yenze inkqubo yokuncedisa i-$ 5 yezigidigidi, eyayiquka:
- I-Federal National Mortgage Association : Ibuyisela imali kwiimarike zesekondari ukubonelela ngezimali ezininzi zeebhanki zokuboleka.
- UMthetho woLungiso olutsha lwezoLimo: Ulungiswe ngo-1933 AAA.
- UMthetho wezeMigangatho eMsebenzini oLungileyo: Umiselwe umvuzo omncinci wase-US , ukuhlawula ixesha elingaphezu kwexesha, ukugcinwa kwerekhodi kunye nemigangatho yemisebenzi yolutsha.
Ngomnyaka we-1939, i-FDR yaqalisa i-Federal Security Agency. Yayilawula ukuKhuseleko loLuntu, inkxaso-mali yezemfundo, kunye nokukhuselwa kwezilwanyana. Inkomfa yawususa ngo-1953.
Kutheni i-New Deal Impumelelo yaba yimpumelelo
I-Deal Deal isebenze. Emva kokuba i-FDR iqalise i-Deal Deal yokuqala, uqoqosho lwalukhula ngama-10,8 ekhulwini ngo-1934. Xa i-Second Deal Deal yaphuma, uqoqosho lwanda 8,9 ekhulwini ngo-1935 kunye ne-12.9 ekhulwini ngo-1936. pesenti.
Ukususela ngo-1932, unyaka ngaphambi koMsebenzi omtsha, ukuya ku-1941, xa i-US ingena empini, ityala likhule ligidi ezingama-3. Ngomnyaka ozayo, ukusetyenziswa kwemali yokukhusela kwanexesha eliphindwe kabini kwinani elongeziweyo kwi-matyala nge-$ 23 billion. Isixa esongeziweyo kathathu ukuya kwiiRandi ezingama-64 ngo-1943. Ukuba loo nto yayisetyenziswe kunyaka wokuqala woTshintsho olutsha, bekuya kuphelisa ukuPhukisa kwelo xesha kwangoko.
Abanye bathi i-New Deal ayizange isebenze ngenxa yokuba ukuxinezeleka kwadlulayo iminyaka eyi-10. Batsho ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwemali kwiNtshonkqo Yehlabathi II yinto kuphela eyayiphelisa ukuCaluleka. Kodwa ukuba i-FDR isetyenzisile umlinganiselo ofanayo kwi-Deal entsha njengoko yenzayo kwimfazwe, yayiya kuphelisa ukuCalulelwa.
Iiprogram ezintsha zokuThuthukisa zanciphisa ukwedlula umjikelezo wezoshishino. Ngaphambi koMsebenzi omtsha (1797-1929), kwakukho ukuhlahloka kwezomnotho ezinkulu, ukukhutshwa kwe-22, ukukhutshwa kwezine kunye nokuqhuma kweebhanki ezixhenxe. Ziye zachaphazela iminyaka engama-60 kwiminyaka eyi-132. Ukubuyiselwa kwakunzima kunokuba banamhlanje ngenxa yokuba kwakungekho i-New Deal federal arhente yokulawula urhwaphilizo, ukukhwabanisa nokuxhaphazwa.
Ukususela kwi-WWII, kukho i-11 recessions echaphazeleke kwiminyaka eyi-10 nje engama-60. Babenamandla kunezo zangaphambili, ngenxa yokhuseleko lwamatha iNew Dea l.
Indlela iNguqulelo Entsha eyayibe yinqande ngayo iMfazwe Yehlabathi II
Khawuqwalasele oku. I-FDR yachitha iminyaka engamashumi amathathu ngo-1943 kwimfazwe kunokuba yenza ngo-1933 kwi-Deal Deal. Kwakungekho nxamnye nokusetyenziswa kwemfazwe njengoko kwakukho ukusetyenziswa kwekhaya. Akukho mntu wayekhathazekile malunga nokulahleka kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali xa ihlabathi lixhalabile ngokulawulwa kukaHitler. Nangona kunjalo, iinkxalabo malunga nokulahleka kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali ziye zachitha iNguqulelo entsha ngokuphelisa intlekele yezoqoqosho kwihlabathi jikelele . Kutheni iisongelo zempi zenza uncedo olungaphezulu kunoluntu?
Ukuba i-FDR ichithe ubuninzi kwi-Deal Deal ngo-1933 njengoko yenzayo kwimfazwe ngo-1943, yayiya kugqiba ukuCalulelwa ngokudala imisebenzi, imfuno kunye nokukhula koqoqosho. Iintlungu zokudandatheka zanceda abantu baseJamani ukuba babeke amaNazi kunye noHitler ngamandla. Ukuba i-FDR kunye ne-Deal Deal yayiphelile ukuxinezeleka ngasekuqaleni kwe-1930, i-US yayingakwazi ukuguqula izixhobo zayo ngokukhawuleza ukunceda abambisene nabo, iGreat Britain kunye neFransi. Kuye kuncinci kufutshane, ukuba kungathinteli, iMfazwe Yehlabathi II.
Ixesha elitsha lokuSebenza
1929. Hoover waba nguMongameli. Ukukhwabanisa kwemarike ye-Stock ngo-Oktobha kwanyusa uXinzelelo. I-1 billion yezigidigidi. Ukungasebenzi kwabangama-3.2 ekhulwini.
Ngowe-1930. I-Congress yadlulisela umrhumo we-Smoot-Hawley ukukhusela imisebenzi. Abalingani bokurhweba babuyisela, ukuhamba kwehlabathi kukuthengisa ama-65 ekhulwini. Uqoqosho lwafumana iipesenti eziyi-8.5, ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwabakho kuma-8.7 ekhulwini. Enye imali engaphezu kweebhiliyoni eziyi-1.
Ngowe-1931. Iirhafu eziphakanyisiweyo ezikhuselekileyo ukukhusela izinga legolide, ukuxinezeleka kokudakumba. Uqoqosho lwaba ne-6.4 ekhulwini, ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwenyuka kuma-15,9 ekhulwini, kwaye ityala linyuka li-1 billion.
1932. I-FDR ikhankasele kwiNtsha Deal izithembiso. Uqoqosho lwaba ne-12,9 ekhulwini, kwaye ukungaqeshwa kwabasebenzi kwanda kuma-23.6 ekhulwini. Imali engaphantsi iyongeziweyo. Iibhiliyoni ezingama-3 ukuya kwetyala.
1933. I-FDR yathatha isikhundla, yaqalisa ngokukhawuleza iiprogram ezili-16 kwi-First Deal Deal. Yongeza iibhiliyoni ezi-3 kwiibhenti. Uxinzelelo lwaqala ukuphakamisa, njengoko uqoqosho luphela kuphela kwi-1.3 ekhulwini. Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwenyuka kuma-24.9 ekhulwini.
1934. Uqoqosho lwakhula ngama-10,8 ekhulwini, kwaye ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwabangama-21.7 ekhulwini. Iibhiliyoni eziyi-5 zezigidi zongezwa kwityala.
Ngowe-1935. I-FDR yaqalisa uMgaqo-nkqubo omtsha we-2, wongeza i-$ 2 yezigidigidi kwi-matyala. Uqoqosho lwakhula ngama-8,9 ekhulwini, kwaye ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwawela kuma-20.1 ekhulwini.
1936. Uqoqosho lwakhula ngama-12,9 ekhulwini, ukunciphisa ukungabikho kwemisebenzi ukuya kuma-16.9 ekhulwini. Iibhiliyoni eziyi-5 zezigidi zongezwa kwityala.
Ngowe-1937. I-FDR iqalile kwikota yesi-2. Ukwehliswa kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, wanciphisa iindleko, wanezela i-$ 3 yezigidi zamatyala kwintlawulo, nangona kuqhutywe i-Third Deal Deal. Uqoqosho landa iipesenti eziyi-5.1, kwaye ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwabangama-14.3 ekhulwini.
Ngowe-1938, akukho mThetho omtsha owawusenziwa ngawo. Ukuchitha imali kwachithwa, ngoko kuphela imali eyi-1 billion yezigidi ezongeziweyo kwi-matyala. Ukungasebenzi kwabangama-19 ekhulwini. Uqoqosho ludinga u-3.3 ekhulwini.
Ngowe-1939. Umlambo wokuthunga umlambo waphela. I-US ichithe ukwakha umkhosi njengoko iYurophu ingene kwiWWII, idibanisa i-$ 3 billion kwiitalente. Uqoqosho lwakhula ngamaphesenti angama-8.0, ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwabangama-17.2 ekhulwini.
1940. Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwabangama-14,6 ekhulwini njengoko i-US iqalile ukuqulunqa. FDR iphumelele ukubuyiswa kwakhona. Uncedise iGreat Britain ngokuthumela izixhobo, ungeze ngeebhiliyoni ezi-3 kwiibhenti. Uqoqosho lwakhula ngama-8.8 ekhulwini.
1941. I-FDR yaqalisa ikota yesithathu. IJapan yahlasela iPearl Harbor ngoDisemba. I-US ingene kwiWWII. Ukuchitha imali kupheliswe ukuxinezeleka, kwengeza i-$ 6 billion ukuya kwetyala. Uqoqosho lwakhula ngama-17,7 ekhulwini, ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwabangama-9.9 ekhulwini.
Ngo-1942. Ukungasebenzi kwabangama-4.7 ekhulwini ngelixa uqoqosho lwanda 18.9 ekhulwini. Inkcitho yemfazwe yongeze i-$ 23 yezigidigidi kwi-matyala.
1943. Imfazwe yongezelela i-$ 64 yezigidi kwi-matyala. Ukukhula kwe-GDP bekuyi-17.0 yepesenti, ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwabangelwa kuma-1,9 ekhulwini. Italy i nikela.
1944. Ukukhula kweGDP kwaba yi-8.0 yepesenti, ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwaba yi-1.2 ekhulwini. Isivumelwano seBretton-Woods senza idoli imali yemali yehlabathi .
1945. I-FDR yafa ngo-Ephreli. Truman waba nguMongameli. Yongeza i-$ 58 yeebhiliyoni kumatyala. IJamani yanikezelwa ngoMeyi. UTruman wehla ibhokliya ngo-Agasti. IJapan izinikele ngoSeptemba, iphele iWWII. Uqoqosho lwafumana i-1.0 ekhulwini. Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kufike kwi-1,9 pesenti njengoko amasosha abuyela ekhaya.
Iindlela ezine ezenza iNguqulelo Entsha ithintele kuwe namhlanje
Zininzi zeeprogram zeNew Deal ziqhubeka zigcina iimali zakho namhlanje. Ezi ezine ezinezona zibonakaliso ziKhuseleko loLuntu, umvuzo osisigxina, iKhomishana ye - Securities and Exchange , kunye ne- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Inkqubo yoKhuseleko loLuntu inikezela ngeniso eqinisekisiwe kubasebenzi abaye bahlawula kwinkqubo. Uninzi lwabantu baqhelana nezibonelelo zomhlala-phantsi ezingenakwandiswa kwiqabane lomhlala-phantsi. Kodwa ukhuseleko lweNtlalontle lihlawula izibonelelo zokukhubazeka kubaxhamli abafanelekileyo abakhubazekayo ngaphambi kokufikelela kwiminyaka yobudala. Ihlawulela abantwana, ihlala kunye nabantwana abaxhomekeke kubaxhamli abafanelekileyo abafa okanye abakhubazekile. Kwezinye iimeko, kuya kuhlawula inzuzo kubantu abatshatileyo. Kukho neNkqubo yokuNikwa kweNkxaso yoKhuseleko eyongezelela inzuzo kubantwana abakhubazekileyo kunye nabadala abanomvuzo omncinci. Kukho neprogram ekhethekileyo yoNcedo kwiiVeterans zeMfazwe zeMfazwe.
Umvuzo omncinci ngamashishini asemthethweni aphantsi kakhulu ahlawulwa ngabasebenzi. Umvuzo omncinci wesizwe osisiseko ka-US ngowama-7.25 ngeyure. Injongo yemithetho ephantsi yomvuzo ukuyeka abaqeshi ukuba baxhaphaze abasebenzi abasweleyo. Umvuzo osisiseko kufuneka unikeze ngeniso eyaneleyo yokufumana umvuzo wokuphila . Yiloo mali efunekayo ukubonelela ukutya okwaneleyo, iimpahla kunye neendawo zokuhlala. Ngelishwa, iCongress ayizange ikhulise ngokwaneleyo ukuhamba ngexabiso lentengo . Enyanisweni, kwiiyure ezingama-40 ngeveki kwiiveki ezingama-52, umvuzo omncinci uphendukela kwi-15,080 yezigidi ngonyaka. Oku kungaphezulu kwinqanaba lehlwempu lomntu omnye kodwa lingaphantsi kwinqanaba lehlwempu kwiintsapho ezine. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba umntu wayezama ukuxhasa intsapho ngokwenza umvuzo omncinci, babeya kufanelekela ukufumana uncedo lwentlupheko.
ISebe leSibini lilawula iifowuni, iibhondi, kunye neemali ezihlangeneyo , okwenza utyalo-mali lukhuseleke. I-SEC iphinde inike ngolwazi ukukunceda utyalomali ngokusebenzisa iTransor.gov. Inika imfundo engundoqo, njengendlela iimakethi zisebenza ngayo, ukwabiwa kwempahla kunye nokuhlaziywa kwezicwangciso ezahlukeneyo zomhlalaphantsi. Inayo icandelo malunga nendlela yokukhetha uMthengisi. Unika izixhobo zokucwangcisa imali, njengokuba ufuna ukuba uthathe umhlalaphantsi.
I-FDIC iqinisekisa ukugcinwa, ukujonga kunye nezinye iifomiti ze-deposit ukuya kuma-250,000 kwi-akhawunti nganye kwibhankini nganye. Kwezinye ii-akhawunti ezidibeneyo, i-FDIC iqinisekisa i-$ 250,000 ngomnini ngamnye. I-FDIC iphinda ihlolisise iphinde ilandele iibhanki ezingama-5,250, ngaphezu kwesahlulo sesistim. Xa ibhanki ihluleka, i-FDIC iyangena kuyo. Ithengisa ibhanki kwenye enye ize idlulise iifomethi kwibhanki lokuthenga. Utshintshi aluhambelanga kumbono womthengi.