Ngako oko, igolide yinto ehlala ihlala kuyo yonke into eyenziwa ngumntu kodwa ixabiso layo, inkanuko yalo, kunye nesithethe salo sidluliselwe iminyaka eyi-millennium.
Igolide kwiMbali
Kwimihla yamhlanje, igolide sele idla ngokusebenza njengentambo yokulwa nokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Kwakhona luyimithombo yokuba abatyali-mali kunye nabahwebi baye bajika kwixesha loloyiko nokungaqiniseki. Idoli yase-US iyimali yokugcina umhlaba; ngoko ke umlinganiselo wokuba amaxabiso entengo ehlabathini lonke yi-greenback. Igolide ayikho. Kukho ubudlelwane bezembali phakathi kwexabiso ledoli kunye namanani entengo. Ngaloo ndlela, igolide kwiidola iyancipha kwixabiso le dollar malunga nezinye iirhafu zehlabathi. IGolide yindlela yokutshintshiselana ngamazwe ngamazwe. Ngoko ke, kwezinye iintlanga, igolide isebenza njengevenkile yexabiso kubantu abamazwe abaye behla imali.
Igolide yahlanganiswa kuma-dollar angaphezu kwama-800 ngeeyunce ngowe-1979/1980 xa uloyiko lokunyuka kwamaxabiso lwangena eMelika.
Ngaloo xesha ixabiso le dollar layeka. Emva koko ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, ukugqithiswa kwegolide kunye neminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabini, kuthengisa i-$ 500 ngaphantsi kweeyunithi, ukufikelela kwi-$ 252.50 ngo-1999.
Igolide yaqalisa umhlangano omkhulu ngo-2006, owawuthatha intengo kwixesha eliphakamileyo lika-1920.70 kwinyanga esebenzayo I-COMEX kwikontrakthi yexesha elizayo phakathi no-2011.
Inkathazo yezemali yehlabathi jikelele kunye ne-dollar yaseFransi ebuthakathaka yenze ixabiso legolide. Ngo-2011, igolide yayisisithuthi esikhulu. Nangona kunjalo, emva kwaloo nto, ixabiso legolide lawa kwaye ekupheleni kuka-2015, intengo yayimi $ 1060.20 - ukuhla kwe-45% kwiminyaka emine. Ngelo xesha, amanye amanani exabiso lawa ngo-2015 kwaba ngumnyaka apho amanani amaninzi exabiso lokuthengwa kwempahla ayehla ngokukhawuleza. Enye yeziganeko ezithintela igolide ngezantsi ngo-2014 kunye no-2015 yayikuxabisa ngokukhawuleza kwixabiso le-dollar yase-US. Ngelixa igolide yawa ngama-dollar, yahlanganiswa ngemali efana neRussia yaseRussia, yangempela yaseBrazil kunye nezinye izinto zokutshintshiselana kwamanye amazwe eziye zanciphisa idoli. Oku kusitshela ukuba igolide ayizange iwele ngokukhawuleza njengoko idola liphakanyisiwe kwiminyaka yamuva. Enyanisweni, nangona igolide yehlile ngo-2014 nangama-2015, amanye amanani entengo enqabileyo anqabile ngaphezulu-igolide yayibambe ixabiso layo kwisiqingatha nangona ixabiso leedola lawa.
Unyaka ngamnye, malunga ne-2,800 iitoni zezinto zegolide emhlabeni jikelele. Ukubonelela kunye nokufuna kufuna ukulinganisela enye kunye nezinye. IShishino kunye nokwenza iimfuno (iigugu) zegolide ngokuqhelekileyo zijikeleze umgangatho omnye ngonyaka. Ngoko ke, isigqibo esinqununu somendo wexabiso legolide lilawulwa ngumgca okanye ukudideka.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ezihlukeneyo zokuhlawula, igosa kunye necandelo labucala. Iibhanki eziphambili emhlabeni jikelele zibambe igolide njengenxalenye yemithombo yazo yokugcina imali. Enyanisweni, iibhanki eziphambili ziphethe ngaphezulu kwe-30% yazo zonke igolide eziveliswe kwimbali yehlabathi njengenxalenye yale mihlaba. Xa iibhanki eziphambili, okanye oorhulumente, abathengisi abathengisi begolide, zibeka uxinzelelo kwixabiso lentsimbi ebomvu. Sazibona ngo-1999 xa iBhanki yaseNgilani ithengisa isiqingatha sesizwe. Ukuthengiswa kwe-Net kubeka uxinzelelo oluphantsi kwexabiso legolide-leyo yinxalenye yesizathu sokuthi igolide ithengiswa malunga nama-$ 250 ngeeyunce ngonyaka. Iibhanki eziphambili zibika imisebenzi yazo kwiimarike zegolide, ngoko kulula ukufumana isibambiso nokuba ngaba kuthengwa okanye kuthengiswa kwegolide ngala maziko.
Xa kuziwa kwicandelo labucala, kwiminyaka edlulileyo sinokulinganisela ukuba kukho ukuthenga okanye ukuthengisa okubanzi ukusuka kuluntu jikelele ngezinga leprayimari kwiibhola zegolide kunye neengqekembe.
Isibonakaliso sokwanda kweemfuno zoluntu kukunyuka kwama-premium kunye nomqondiso wokuthengiswa okanye ukudibanisa kukunciphisa iipriyamu zetsimbi yenyama. Ukongezelela, iikontraki zexesha legolide zifumaneke ukususela ngee-1970 kodwa i-marketable adableable for futures iyancinci kunezinye izithuthi zotyalo-mali ngenxa yokubaluleka kunye neengozi ezikhoyo kwezi zixhobo. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphezu kwele minyaka elishumi edluleyo, ukufika kwee-ETF kunye ne-ETN iimveliso ezifana ne-SDPR Gold ETF (GLD) kunye nabanye, benza i-investments yegolide enokufumaneka kwintlalo-mali ngokubanzi ngokubambisa i-akhawunti ye-brokerage-based based equity. Ngoko ke, kulula ukujonga ukubonelelwa kunye nokufunwa kuluntu ngokubanzi kule mihla kunokuba kunjalo ngaphambili.
Ngo-2015, intengo yegolide kwiidola yayiphumile kwi-1046% ephantsi ngonyaka . Ngelixa igolide iyancipha kwixabiso, ezinye izinto ezininzi zenzeke ngakumbi. Amaxabiso oyile , ubhedu , isilivere kunye neplatinum yancipha ngaphezu kwegolide. Ngelixa igolide ihambela ngaphantsi ngo-2015, yagqithisa kakhulu ezinye iimveliso, kwinqanaba lezityalo ezixabisekileyo. Umoya wokungaqiniseki kwiimarike ngo-2015 wawuxhasa igolide ngesiseko. Ekuqaleni konyaka we-2016, ukungaqiniseki kwafikelela kwinqanaba elitsha ngoJanuwari noFebhuwari. Nangona ixabiso leoli engcolileyo kunye nezinye izinto ezibonakalayo zangena kumnyaka wesihlanu weemeko zokurhweba kwiirhwebo zenza iimfono ezintsha, into enomdla kakhulu yenzeka kwixabiso legolide. Yaphuma esangweni ngo-2016 kwaye yafudukela phezulu. Enyanisweni, ngowe-Matshi 11, 2016, igolide ayifakelanga ukuhlaziya intlawulo yokuvala ngoDisemba 31, 2015, kwi-1060.20 yeedola.
Ngomhla ka-11 kuMatshi, ngo-2016, ixabiso legolide limi malunga ne-$ 1255 ngeeyunce. Oku kukunyuka kwe-$ 194.80 ngeeyunithi okanye i-18.4% ngomnyaka omncinci. I-Gold ithengiswa kwii-1287.80 zeeyure nge-11 kuMatshi. Kwiiveki zokuqala ezi-10 ze-2016, igolide ayizange ichithe yonke ilahleko yonyaka odlulileyo, iphule kwiindawo ezithile ezibalulekileyo zokuchasana kwiikhathi zangexesha elide. Iimali-mali kwiimali zegolide kunye nemivalo sele zanda kunye nemilinganiselo kwixesha elizayo kwaye iimveliso ze-ETF / ETN ziye zanda ukwandisa ukufunwa kwemfuneko kwiqumrhu likarhulumente. Iibhanki eziMkhulu zazingabathengi abangaphezu kweetoni ezili-700 zegolide ngexesha eliphakathi kukaFebhuwari 2015 noFebruwari 2016 besayinisa ukwanda kwecandelo elisemthethweni elisetyenzisiweyo sensimbi eluphuzi. Yonke impawu zegolide zibonakala zichanekile ngo-2016 zanikwa intlawulo yesenzo kunye nemiqondiso ebalulekileyo ekuqaleni konyaka.
Ukusingqongileyo kwezoqoqosho kwimeko yehlabathi kuye kwaxhasa igolide eye yabangela ukwanda kwimbutho yamagosa kunye namacandelo abucala. Umsebenzi wezoqoqosho wehlabathi jikelele eYurophu, eChina nakwezinye iindawo zehlabathi ziye zabangela ukuba iibhanki eziphambili zigcine ixabiso lentengo elingaphantsi eliye layeka ukwesaba kwexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso njengendlela yokuphunyezwa ngokukhawuleza kwithuba lomgaqo-nkqubo wenzala. Ngelo xesha, ubundlobongela nemfazwe eMbindi-Mpuma, iimeko ezikhuselekileyo zokukhusela ababaleki eYurophu kunye nexabiso elincinci leoli elincinci lokunyusa ukuveliswa kwezoqoqosho kwihlabathi jikelele kwandisa ukwesaba nokungaqiniseki. E-US, enye yokhetho lonyulo lukaMongameli kwiminyaka emininzi kuthetha ukuba utshintsho lwezopolitiko lunokuthi lube nempembelelo yezoqoqosho. Umgca wenkalo kukuba kukho ubungakanani bokungaqiniseki kwihlabathi ngeli ntsuku xa kufikelele kwiimeko zoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko. Oku kuye kwaguqulela kwisidingo esongezelelweyo segolide, imali edala kunazo zonke okanye iindlela zokutshintshiselwa kwihlabathi.
Ukungaqiniseki kubangela ukwesaba kwaye oku kudala indawo efanelekileyo yegolide njengoko le asethi inerekhodi eqinisekisiweyo yokugcina ixabiso ngelixesha. Emva kweminyaka emine yemarike yeebhere esebenza ngegolide, ngo-2016 sele iqalile njengomnyaka apho isithwathwa esitsheli sihlaziya ngokwaso njengempahla ebonakalayo yokutyala. Nangona ezinye ixabiso lomthengi liwela kwaye nangona i-dollar yase-United States iyayixabisa, imeko yangoku yezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho kwihlabathi jikelele ibonakala ixhasa inkxaso yentsimbi. Igolide sele ixabiseke phantse yonke imali ehlabathini kwiinyanga ezizayo. Ukuhlaziywa kwegolide kungaba ngumqondiso obangelwayo kwixabiso lezinye iimpahla kwixesha elizayo. Isenzo sobugcisa kwiimarike zegolide ngoku sitsho ukuba indlela yokuncincila ubuncinane ingaba phezulu. Ukwesaba nokungaqiniseki kukufaka isandla ekuvuseleleni igolide kwaye ukuqhubela phambili kwale mandla kunokushukumisela isinyithi esitsheli kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kwiiveki nakwiinyanga ezizayo.