Imida, Amalungu, Impembelelo kwi-Economy
I-FDIC yadalwa ngu-1933 i- Glass-Steagall Act . Injongo yalo yayikukuthintela ukungaphumeleli kwebhanki ngexesha lokuPhukisa okukhulu . Iimpazamo ezimbalwa zebhanki zazingena kwikhefu zibe yi-banking panic.
Abaxhasi bafuna imali yabo. Iibhanki ezivakalayo zihlala zigcina enye yeshumi yazo idizithi ngesandla. Baboleka bonke abanye ngenqanaba lentengo enenzuzo. Inzuzo ibenza bahlawule umrhumo kwiifomethi. Ininzi yexesha, iibhanki zifuna kuphela ukugcina iipesenti ezili-10 esandleni ukuze zigcine zivuya. Kuqhutywe ibhanki, kufuneka bafumane ngokukhawuleza imali. Xa behluleka, behlulekile.
Iibhanki ezininzi zazivaliwe ukuba uMongameli Roosevelt wachaza iholide yebhanki ukuba ayeke ukuphazamiseka. NgoMatshi 6, iintsuku ezintathu emva kokuthatha isikhundla, wavala zonke iibhanki zase-US. I-Congress yadlula i-Glass-Steagall ngoMatshi 9 ukubuyisela ukuzithemba ngaphambi kokuba iibhanki zivule. Xa bavulwa kwakhona, bazinike iisenti ezili-10 kwiedola nganye. Yaya phi imali? Iibhanki ezininzi zatyala imali kwimarike yemasheya, eyaphupha ngo-1929 . Xa ama-depositors 'afunyenwe, bonke baphuthuma kwiibhanki zabo ukuba bahoxise iifomiti zabo.
Namhlanje, akudingeki sikhathazeke malunga nokuqhutywa kwebhanki kuba i-FDIC iqinisekisa zonke iiphozithi. Ekubeni abantu bayazi ukuba baya kuphinda bafumane imali yabo, abavumi ukwesaba nokudala ibhanki. Ngaphandle kwelo xesha iWashington Mutual ivaliwe ngo-2008. Abaxhomekeke kwi-depositors badala ibhanki ngenxa yokuba abazange bacinge ukuba bavikelekile yi-FDIC.
Umthetho weBhanki ka-1935 ukhethe i-FDIC njenge-arhente karhulumente. Ibhodi yabalawuli abahlanu lijongene ne-FDIC.
Yintoni i-FDIC
I-FDIC iqinisekisa ukugcinwa, ukujonga kunye nezinye iifom zediphothi. Ayifuni i-stocks, iibhondi, okanye iimali eziphathekayo. Ngethuba leengxaki zemali ka-2008, i-FDIC yaphakamisa okwesikhashana umda ophezulu ukuya kuma-250,000 kwi-akhawunti nganye (i-akhawunti eyi-500,000 nganye). Ngo-2010, uMthetho we- Dodd-Frank Wall Reform Act wenza umda omtsha unaphakade.
I-FDIC iphinda ihlolisise iphinde ilandele iibhanki ezingama-5,250, ngaphezu kwesahlulo sesistim. Xa ibhanki ihluleka, i-FDIC ihamba ngokukhawuleza. Idla ngokuthengisa ibhanki kwelinye ize idlulisele iifomethi kwibhanki lokuthenga. Inkoliso yexesha, utshintsho lugxininisekile kumbono womthengi.
Indlela yokufumana iiBhanki zamaLungu
I-FDIC iqinisekisa amabhanki angaphezu kwama-6 300 (ngo-Septemba 10, 2015). Ezi mabhanki zenze i-$ 15.8 yezigidi zeempahla kwaye ziphantse zigidi ezigidi ezili-12 zeebhiliyoni. Ukufumana iibhanki zamalungu, faka isixeko sakho kunye nelizwe okanye ikhodi ye-zip, kwiwebhusayithi ye-FDIC BankFind. Uninzi lweebhanki ezinkulu, ezifana neBhanki yaseMelika, iJPMorgan Chase, kunye ne-Wells Fargo, i-insured. Ungakwazi nokufaka iinkcukacha zebhanki yakho ukuze ufumane ukuba ngaba i-insured.
I- Federal Reserve Banking System idinga ukuba zonke iibhanki zamalungu zibe yi-FDIC-insured.
Indlela i-FDIC echaphazela ngayo uqoqosho
I-inshurensi ye-FDIC ivimbela ukusabalala kwebhanki ngokubanzi ngokugcina ithemba kwi-banking system.
Ukuhlaselwa kwemakethe ye-stock market ka-1929 kwaqhuba ezinye iibhanki ngaphandle kweshishini. Ama-depositors kuloo mabhanki alahlekelwa yonke imali yawo. Ama-depositors kwezinye iibhanki zinoyika. Xa bebashiye imali yabo, iibhanki zabo zaphuma kwishishini. Abantu bafaka imali yabo phantsi kwamagumbi abo. Oko kwathatha imali engakumbi kwi-circulation kwaye kwandisa ngakumbi ukuxhomekeka.
I-FDIC iqinisekisa ama-depositors ukuba abayi kuphelelwa imali yokugcina imali xa ibhanki ihluleka. Ngokuthintela ukuphazamiseka kwebhanki, i-FDIC inceda ukunqanda olunye uxinzelelo olukhulu.
Okumangalisa kukuba, i-inshurensi ye-FDIC ayizange ibenze iqhube ibhanki kwiWashington Mutual. Xa uLehman Brothers bavakalisa i-bankruptcy ngoSeptemba 2008.
I-WaMu i-deposited depositors ihoxise i-$ 16.7 yezigidigidi kwiingxelo zabo kwiintsuku ezilishumi. Kwakuyi-10 yeepesenti ze-WaMu. I-FDIC ivaliwe ibhanki kwibhanki ngoLwesihlanu olulandelayo kuba ayinayo imali eyaneleyo yokuqhuba ibhizinisi kwansuku zonke. UJP Morgan Chase wathenga i-WaMu ngoSeptemba 26, 2008, nge $ 1.9 billion. Ukufumana okungakumbi, jonga indlela i-WaMU eya ngayo .
Indlela Yokukhusela Ukulondolozwa Kwakho
I-FDIC iqinisekisa iiSatifikethi zeDistim kunye ne-akhawunti yemarike yee- akhawunti ukuya kuma-250,000 kwi-akhawunti nganye kwibhanki nganye. Kwezinye ii-akhawunti ezidibeneyo, i-FDIC iqinisekisa i-$ 250,000 ngomnini ngamnye. Isebenza kuma-akhawunti athile omhlala phantsi, ii-akhawunti zokudibanisa kunye ne-akhawunti ye-trust.
Ukuba ulondoloza ngaphezu kwama-250,000 wama-$ 250, yigcine kwibhankini eyahlukileyo ukuze iqiniseke. Kodwa abaninzi abantu abanolondolozo oluninzi basebenzisa umhlalaphantsi. Kwimeko enjalo, kufuneka utyalomali kwiimpahla ze-riski ngaphezu kwamaCD ukwenzela ukuba bafumane inqanaba eliphezulu lokubuyela. Ukugcinwa kwemali yomhlalaphantsi kufuna ukukhupha umlinganiselo wemali. Iimasheya ziye zakuba yindlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza oko.
I-FDIC ayifuni i- securities okanye i- joint funds nakuba iqhutywa yibhanki. Akwayikukhusela ixabiso lemigaqo-nkqubo ye-inshorensi yobomi, i-annuities, okanye amabhondi kamasipala. Oko kuthetha ukuba ininzi yamabhondi kwiakhawunti yakho yomhlalaphantsi ayiqinisekisiwe. Kodwa iyakwenza i-akhawunti yemarike yemali kunye neeCD ezigcinwe kwiIRAs zakho.