Ibali emva kweBhanki enkulu kunazo zonke kwi-History
Phantse ama-60 ekhulwini lalo shishini lavela kwiibhanki zentengiso , kwaye iipesenti ezingama-20 zavela kumakhadi-mboleko.
Iipesenti ezi-14 kuphela zivela kwimali-mboleko yasekhaya, kodwa oku kwanele ukutshabalalisa lonke ishishini layo. Ekupheleni konyaka ka-2008 bekuyi-bankrupt.
Kutheni i-WaMu ihlulekile
I-Washington Mutual yahluleka ngenxa yezizathu ezihlanu. Okokuqala, yenza inkampani eninzi eCalifornia. Iimakethe zemizi zenzeke ngakumbi kunezinye iindawo zelizwe. Ngo-2006, ixabiso lekhaya elizweni lonke laqala ukuwa. Emva koko kufinyelele ukuphakama kwepesenti ezingama-20 kunyaka-ngonyaka ngonyaka ka-2004.
NgoDisemba 2007, ixabiso lekhaya eliqhelekileyo lekhaya lalingaphantsi kwe-9,8 ekhulwini. Ixesha lokugqibela izindlu zezindlu zawa phantsi ngexesha lokuPhukisa okukhulu . Kuzwelonke, kwakukho iimpahla ezili-10 zezindlu zokubala. KwiCalifornia, kwakukho i-inventory ye-inventory yeenyanga ezili-15. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-state inezinyanga ezintandathu zempahla.
Ekupheleni kuka-2007, iimali-mboleko ezininzi zazingaphezu kwama-100 ekhulwini lexabiso lekhaya. U-WaMu wayezame ukuzondla. Yibhalela kuphela iipesenti ezingama-20 zemali yokubolekwa kwayo imali engaphezulu kwama-80 ekhulwini- mboleko .
Kodwa xa izindleko zezindlu zawa, akusekho nto.
Isizathu sesibini sokungaphumeleli kwe-WaMu kukuba sandise amasebe awo ngokukhawuleza. Ngenxa yoko, bekukho kwiindawo ezihluphekileyo kwiimarike ezininzi. Ngenxa yoko, yenza amanqaku amaninzi e- subprime mortgage kuya kwabathengi abangafanelekanga.
Okwesithathu kwaba ukuwa kwe-Agasti ka-2007 yeemarike zesekondari zokubambisa izibambiso .
Njengamanye amabhanki amaninzi, i-WaMu ayikwazanga ukuthengisa le mboleko. Ukuhla kwamanani asekhaya kwakuthetha ukuba bangaphezu kwezindlu. Ibhanki ayikwazanga ukuphakamisa imali.
Ngo-Q4 2007, kubhala phantsi kwe-1.6 billion yezigidi zemali ekhokhwayo. Umthetho weBhanki unyanzelekile ukuba ubeke eceleni imali ukuze inikezele ilahleko ezizayo. Ngenxa yoko, i-WaMu ibike ukulahlekelwa kwemali e-$ 2 yezigidi ngekota. Ukulahleka kwayo kwenetha ngomnyaka kwakuyi-$ 67 billion. Yayingeniso ye-2006 3.6 yezigidigidi zamaRandi. (Umthombo: I-WaMu 2007 Ingxelo Yonyaka)
Okwesine kwakunguSeptemba 15, 2008, uLehman Brothers ukuchithwa. I-WaMu i-deposit igxeka xa iva le nto. Bashiye iiRandi ezili-16.7 zeebhiliyoni ezilondoloziweyo kunye nokujonga i-akhawunti kwiintsuku ezili-10 ezizayo. Kwakuyi-9 ekhulwini ye-deposits ye-WaMu. I- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation yathi ibhanki ayinayo imali enganeleyo yokuqhuba ibhizinisi kwansuku. Urhulumente waqala ukukhangela abathengi. Ukufumana okungakumbi, jonga umda we-Crisis Financial 2008 .
Okwesibini ubukhulu bobukhulu be-WaMu. Kwakungekho mkhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba ube mkhulu kunako ukusilela . Ngenxa yoko, i-US Treasury okanye i-Federal Reserve ayiyi kukhwela ibheyili nje ngokuba yenza i- Bear Stearns okanye i- American International Group .
Ngubani owathatha i-Washington Mutual?
NgoSeptemba 25, 2008, i-FDIC ithathe iibhanki kwaye iyithengisa kwi-JPMorganYenza i $ 1.9 billion.
Ngomso olandelayo, iWashington Mutual Inc, inkampani yokubamba ibhanki, yabhengezwa. Yayingowesibini eyona ntsikelelo enkulu kwimbali, emva koLehman Brothers.
Ekubeni, kubonakala ngathi i-JPMorganChase ifumaneke kakuhle. Ihlawulwe kuphela i-1.9 yezigidigidi zeedola ezimalunga nama-dollar ayi-300 yezigidi. Kodwa uChase kwafuneka abhale phantsi i-$ 31 yezigidigidi kwiimali-mboleko ezimbi. Kwakhona kwakudingeka ukuphakamisa i-$ 8 billion kwiinkunzi ezintsha ukuze kugcinwe ibhanki. Ayikho enye imali yebhanki kwi-WaMu. Citigroup, Wells Fargo, kunye neBanco Santander eMzantsi Melika yadlulisela kuyo.
Kodwa uChase wayefuna inethiwekhi ye-WaMu yamasebe angama-2,239 kunye ne-deposit base base. Kwakuye kwanikela ngenjongo yokuthenga ibhanki ngo-Matshi 2008. Kunoko, u-WaMu wakhetha utyalo-mali lwama-dollar ayi-7 nge-private equity firm TPG,
Ngubani Ubandezelekile Ukulahlekelwa?
Bondholders, abanini-mali nabanini-mali bebhanki bahlawula ilahleko ezibalaseleyo.
Abanini-mabhondi balahlekelwa zonke iigidigidi ezingama-30 kwiingxowa-mali zabo kwi-WaMu. Abaninzi abanini-zimali balahlekelwa yonke into ngaphandle kweesente ezimbini ngeesabelo.
Abanye balahlekelwa yinto yonke. Ngokomzekelo, iTexas Pacific Group yalahlekelwa yi-$ 1.35 yezigidi-mali. I-WaMu ibambe inkampani ilandele i-JPMorgan Chase yokufikelela kwi-$ 4 billion kwizigidipho. Deutsche Bank U-WaMu wamangalela nge-$ 10 billion kwiimangalo zeemali zokubambisa imali. Yathi i-WaMu yazi ukuba yayibuqhetseba kwaye kufuneka ibuyisele yona. Kwakungacaci ukuba ngaba i-FDIC okanye i-JPMorgan Chase yayingathethekiyo kumaninzi kula mabango. I-TPG yalahleka i-$ 1.35 yezigidi zayo.
(Imithombo: (Umthombo: "Ibali langaphakathi le-WaMu - I-Biggest Bank Failure kwiMbali yaseMerika," i-CNBC, ngoJuni 20, 2012. "Iindlela zakwa-Washington Mutual ziqhubeka," I-Forbes, ngoFebruwari 22, 2012. " , "I-Wall Street Journal, ngo-Septemba 26, 2008.)