Indlela kunye nexesha lokusebenzisa iiBond kunye neBond Fund
Ngaphambi kokuba siqaphele umehluko phakathi kwezibophelelo kunye neentlawulo ezihlangeneyo , makhe sifumane iinkcazelo ezilula endleleni:
Iibhondi zibopheleleko zetyala ezikhutshwe ngamaziko, njengamashishini okanye urhulumente. Xa uthengisa intlawulelo, uboleka imali yakho kwiqumrhu ngexesha elichaziweyo. Ukutshintshiselana nemboleko yakho, iqumrhu liyakukuhlawula umdla kude kube sekupheleni kwexesha (usuku lokukhula) xa uza kufumana inzala-mali yokuqala okanye inkokhelo (inqununu).
Iintlobo zeebhondi zihlelwa liziko elikhuphayo. Amashishini anjalo afaka iinkampani, iinkonzo eziphatheka esidlangalaleni kunye noorhulumente, basekuhlaleni naseburhulumenteni.
Iimali zeBond zixhaswa ngeemali ezizimeleyo ezityalomali kwizibophelelo. Faka enye indlela, isikhwama esisodwa sekhonkco sinokucingwa njengobhasikidi bamaninzi okanye amakhulu kumabhondi angaphantsi (kubambiso) ngaphakathi kwipotfoliyo enye. Iingxowa-mali ezininzi zebhondi ziquka uhlobo oluthile lokubambisa, njengenkampani okanye urhulumente, kwaye ichazwe ngokuthe ngxiba ixesha lokukhula, njengexesha elifutshane (elingaphantsi kweminyaka engama-3), ixesha eliphakathi (iminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwe-10) kunye nexesha elide -mitha (iminyaka eyi-10 okanye ngaphezulu).
Ukwahluke kwixabiso, iRhafu yeNzala kunye nexabiso lempahla
Izibophelelo zomntu ngamnye zigcinwe ngumtyalo-mali ukuya kukhula. Umtyalo-mali ufumana inzala (ixesha elingenisiweyo) ixesha elithile, njengeenyanga ezi-3, unyaka owodwa, iminyaka emi-5, iminyaka eyi-10 okanye iminyaka engama-20 okanye ngaphezulu. Ixabiso lebhondi lingahle litshintshe ngelixa umnini-zimali ephethe ubophelelo kodwa umtyalo-mali unokufumana i-100% yokutshala kwakhe kokuqala (inqununu) ngexesha lokukhula.
Ngenxa yoko akukho "ukulahlekelwa" kwenqununu nje kuphela xa umtyalo-mali egcina ubophelelo kuze kufike ekuvuthweni (kunye nequmrhu elikhuphayo alikho phantsi ngenxa yeemeko ezimbi, ezifana nokutsalwa kwebhanki).
Oku akufani nokokusebenza kweemali zentsebenziswano . Ngeemali zentsebenziswano, umtyalo-mali uthabatha inxaxheba ngokuchanekileyo kwimali ehlawulwe yi-bond bonds bonds ezibanjelwe kwingxowa-mali.
Nangona kunjalo, iimali zengxowa-mali azixabiswanga ngamanani kodwa kunenani lexabiso lexabiso lempahla (NAV) ye-holdings engundoqo kwi-portfolio. Ukuba iintengo zebhanki ziwa, umtyalo-mali we-bond ye-bond ulahlekelwe ezinye ze-oyityala-mali oyintloko (i-NAV ye-fund iyawa).
Ngako oko iimali zebhondi ziqhuba umngcipheko omkhulu wemakethi kuneebhonkce ngenxa yokuba umtyalo-mali obophelelweyo uyazibonakaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwiimeko zokuwa kwexabiso, kanti utyalomali-mboleko unakho ukubamba umxhesho wakhe ekuvuthweni, ufumane inzala kwaye athole inqununu yakhe epheleleyo ekukhuleni, ecinga ukuba into ekhuphayo ayiyiyo. Ukulingana nokuphambene, umtyalo-mali webhanki unokuthatha inxaxheba kumanani akhulayo, kanti umtyalomali-mali uya kuzuza ngaphezu kwe-investing oyintloko (ngaphandle kokuba bathengise i-bond yabo kwimarike evulekileyo ngaphambi kokukhula ngokwamanani angaphezulu kunokuba bathenga).
Nini ukuthenga iiBond, nini ukuthenga ii-Bond Mutual Funds
Njengamaxesha onke, abaninzi abatyala-mali kufuneka baphephe ixesha lokuthengisa . Ngaloo nto uthe, umtyalo-mali unokuthatha ingozi ebalweni kwiimali ezifakwe kwiingxowa-mali zokufumana imali ngokujonga ixabiso lentlawulo. Oku kubangelwa ukuba amaxabiso amabhondi ahamba ngokubhekiselele kwinqanaba lentlawulo. Kwiminyaka engama-30 edlulileyo (i-1980 ukuya ku-2012, xa eli nqaku libhalwa), amazinga enzala ayencipha, okwenza ukuba kubekho indawo enokubambisana neengxowa-mali ezixhamliweyo ngenxa yokuba umtyalo-mali ohlangeneyo wakwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba ekunyuseni kwexabiso.
Ngokuqinisekileyo "imali elula" yezivumelwano zabathengi bobudlelwane bezemali ziphela xa amazinga omdla aqalisa ukunyuka phezulu (kwaye amaxabiso aqala ukunyuka kwawo).
Ngoko ke, xa ixabiso lomdla kulindeleke ukuba likhuphuke, umtyalo-mali unokucinga ngokukongeza iibhonksi zomntu ngamnye kwiipotifoliyo zazo. Oku kuya kugcina iinqununu zizinzile ngelixa zixhamla umdla ofunyenweyo. Abatyalomali banokuthi baqwalasele indlela yokubambisana , okuza kubandakanya ukuthenga izibophelelo kunye neemfuno ezahlukahlukeneyo njengoko ixabiso lentengo liphakama.
Xa ixabiso lenzalo lilindeleke ukuba liyeke (kwaye ngokunjalo amaxabiso amabhonkco aya kunyuka) iimali zentsebenziswano yezivumelwano zikhethekileyo. Abanye abatyalo-mali abatyalileyo banqwenela ukudibanisa iimali ezidibeneyo kunye nezibophelelo ngabanye kwi-portfolio yabo yonke. Oku kufana nomcibisholo okanye isicwangciso sokudibanisa ukukhusela kwiziphumo ezininzi zezoqoqosho.
Iseluleko soTyalo-mali-mali kunye neBond kunye ne-Bond Mutual Funds
Ukungaqondi kakuhle ngokuphathelele izibophelelo kunye neemali ezidibeneyo zentengiso kukuba "zikhuselekileyo" utyalo-mali. Ukhuseleko lixesha elifanelekileyo. Umngcipheko ophambili kunye neebhondi yinto enokuthi i-entity issuing is default. Abatyalomali banokufumana uncedo olusuka kwi-arhente yokulinganisa i-credit, ezifana ne-Standard & Poor's, ngokuphonononga ukulinganisa kwabo (AAA lilinganiso eliphezulu, iD isona esona siphantsi) kodwa ukulinganiswa kwemali-mboleko ayigqibekanga kwaye isicacile iifestile kwi-sound sound sound entity. Iimali-mali zeBond kufuneka ziqaphele ukuhlukahluka kwamashishini ahlukeneyo kwaye zisebenzise ukuqwalasela xa kuthengwa izibophelelo kunye nokulinganiswa kwetyala eziphantsi (izibophelelo ezingekho phantsi kwe-junk).
Iimali zeBond zingaphinde zilahlekelwe yinqununu kwaye zingakwazi ukuqhuba umngcipheko wemarike kunokuba zibophelelwe ngabanye, ngokukodwa kwimimandla yezoqoqosho apho izinga lentengo likhuphuka (kwaye amaxabiso awela).
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi olukule ndawo lunikezelwa ngeenjongo zengxoxo kuphela, kwaye akufanele lichazwe ngokungeniswa njengeengcebiso zotyalo-mali. Ngaphandle kweemeko ngaba le nkcazelo ibonisa isincomo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iziqinisekiso.