Ziziphi iiMali zeMali zeMigangatho kunye nendlela abaSebenza ngayo?
Indlela yeBond Fund isebenza ngayo: i-Basics kwiBonds
Iimali zeBond zityalomali kwiibhondi. Ngoko ngaphambi kokuba ufunde indlela intsebenziswano yeemali ezixhaswa ngayo, uya kuzuza ngokufunda izinto ezisiseko malunga nendlela usebenza ngayo.
Ubhonkco luyisithembiso sokuhlawula - ngumboleko. Umboleki uyinkampani, njenge-corporation, urhulumente wase-United States, okanye inkampani eyenziwa ngumntu, ejongene neengxowa-mali zokuphakamisa imali (imali) ngenjongo yokuxhasa iiprojekthi okanye ukuxhaswa imisebenzi yangaphakathi neyoqhubekayo yeli candelo. Abathengi beebhanki batyali-mali abatyala imali kwi-entity, ngokuthenga izibophelelo , ngokutshintshela iintlawulo zexesha kunye nomdla.
Indlela efanelekileyo yokuqonda iziseko zeebhondi kunye nokuba zihluke njani kwiisitokthi kukuba xa uthengela izibophelelo ungumboleki kwaye xa uthengela amasitya ungumnini (Bonds = Imali-mboleko, i-Stocks = Umnikazi).
Umzekelo Wendlela Umsebenzi weBond
Ngokomzekelo, i-bhondi yomntu ngamnye iya kuhlawula umdla, obizwa ngokuba yi- coupon , kumnini-mboleko (umtyalomali) kwizinga elichazwe kwixesha elichaziweyo (ixesha). Ukuba igcinwe ekuvuthweni, kwaye umbopheli wombophelo akayi ku-default, umnini-mvume uya kufumana zonke iintlawulo zeenzala kunye ne-100% yenqununu yazo emva kokuphela kwekota.
Ngamazwi ahlukeneyo, abatyali-zimali abaninzi abanakho ukulahlekelwa yinqununu - akukho mngcipheko wemarike okanye umngcipheko wokulahlekelwa yintengo kwaye iintlawulo zenzalo zizinzileyo, ke kutheni amabhondi abizwa ngokuba yi- investments engeniso .
Umzekelo wesikhonkco uza kusebenza into enjengale: Ibutho elikhuphayo, masithi inkampani enjenge-Ford Motor Company, inika amabhondi ahlawula inzala ye-7.00% kwiminyaka engama-30.
Utyalomali-mali uthetha ukuba ufuna ukuthenga isibophelelo se-$ 10,000. Uthumela i-R10 000 kwiFoeve kwaye ufumana isitifiketi sebhondi ngokubuyisela. Utyalomali-mali ufumana i-7% ngonyaka (i-R7 700), ngokuqhelekileyo ukwahlula kwiintlawulo ezimbini zenyanga ezintandathu. Emva kokufumana i-7% ngonyaka ngeminyaka engama-30, umtyalomali ufumana imali eyi-$ 10,000.
Izingozi zeBond, ixabiso leBond kunye nendlela abahambelana ngayo neenzala
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqonda imingcipheko yeebhanki kunye nolwalamano phakathi kwamaxabiso emibutho kunye namanani entengo . Isixa semali ehlawulwe ngumbutho okhuphayo kubotyalo-mali uxhomekeke ngokukodwa kwixesha (umlinganiselo wexesha lokukhula), ukulinganiswa kweentengo zekhredithi, kunye nemigangatho yemigangatho yemali yemali-mboleko efana nelo xesha. Intlawulo yomdla (isivuno) sobhonkco ngokubanzi isekelwe kumngcipheko wokungagqibekanga. Ngenxa yoko, ixesha elide, njengesibophelelo seminyaka engama-30, ludinga umyinge ophezulu wokwenza ukuba iintlawulo zebhanki zikhangeleke ngakumbi kubathengi abafuna ukuhlawulelwa umngcipheko wokungagqibekanga ngexesha elide.
Ngokufanayo, ukuba iqumrhu liye lakhupha inani elikhulu leebhondi, umngcipheko wokungagqibeki ukwanda. Oku akufaniyo kunomntu onamanqanaba aphakamileyo atyalalwa ukuba akhokhe iirhafu eziphezulu kwiimali-mboleko ezizayo- ziyingozi engozini .
Ukulinganiswa kwemali yebhanki yequmrhu elikhupha isibophelelo kubonakalisa amandla abo okubuyisela abo batyali bebo. Oku kufana nomlinganiselo wesikweletu kubantu ngabanye. Ukulinganisa kwamatyala aphakamileyo kunomlinganiselo wezinga elincinci lomyinge kunye nokulinganiselwa kwetyala eziphantsi kwenza ukuba inzala ephezulu.
Indlela iBond Funds isebenze ngayo nendlela ihluke ngayo kwiibhanki
Iimali zobudlelwane bezivumelwano ze-Bond zixhaswa ngemali enye efaka utyalo kwiibhondi. Njengezinye iimali zentsebenziswano, iimali zentsebenziswano yezivumelwano zifana neebhasikidi ezinobuninzi okanye amakhulu emininzi yemfihlo (kulo mzekelo, iibhondi). Umphathi weengxowa-mali okanye iqela labaphathi liya kuphanda iimarike ezingenakunyuswa kwiingxowa-mali ezifanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwinjongo yonke ye-bond joint fund. Umphathi (s) uza kuthengisa kwaye athengise izibophelelo ezisekelwe kwimisebenzi yezoqoqosho kunye neentengiso. Abaphathi nabo kufuneka bathengise iimali zokuhlangabezana nokuhlengwa (ukurhoxiswa) kootyalo-mali.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abaphathi beengxowa-mali abanamabhonkco abambalwa babambelele ukuxhomekeka kude kube kukhula
Njengoko ndithe ngasentla, i-bhondi nganye ayiyi kulahlekelwa lixabiso ngelixa umniki-mboleko engekho phantsi (ngenxa yokutsalwa kwebhanki, umzekelo) kwaye utyalomali-mboleko unamathele kuze kufike ukukhula. Nangona kunjalo i-bond mutual fund ingayifumana okanye ilahlekelwe ixabiso, iboniswe njengexabiso le- Asset Net - NAV , kuba umphathi wezikhwama udla ngokuthengisa ii-bonds eziphantsi kwenkxaso ngaphambi kokukhula. Ngako oko, iimali zebhondi zingakwazi ukulahlekelwa yixabiso Lo umehluko obalulekileyo phakathi kwezibophelelo zomntu kunye neengxowa-mali zobudlelwane.
Nasi isizathu: Cinga ukuba ucinga ukuthenga intlabo yomntu ngamnye (kungekhona i-fund). Ukuba izibophelelo zanamhlanje zihlawula inzala ephezulu ngaphezu kweebhondi zezolo, uya kuthanda ukuthenga izibopho ezihlawulela inzala ephezulu namhlanje ukuze ufumane imbuyekezo ephezulu ( isivuno esiphezulu ). Nangona kunjalo, unokuqwalasela ukuhlawula iibhanki eziphantsi ezenzelwa umrhumo wenzalo ukuba umniki-mvume wayezimisele ukukunika isaphulelo (intengo ephantsi) ukuthenga ubophelelo. Njengoko unokuqikelela, xa amaxabiso entlupheko enyukayo ekhuphuka amaxabiso amabhondi adala aya kuwa kuba abatyali-mali baya kufuna iikhutshulwa kwiintlawulo zentsapho ezidala (kunye nezantsi). Ngenxa yalesi sizathu intengo yamabhanki ishukuthela kwindlela echaseneyo yemilinganiselo yemigangatho kunye neendleko zemali yebhondi zithintela kwizinga lentengo . Abaphathi bebond fund bahlala bethengisa kwaye bathengisa izibophelelo ezingundoqo ezigcinwe kwingxowa-mali ukwenzela ukuba utshintsho kwixabiso elizibopheleleyo liza kutshintsha i-NAV yesikolo.
Isishwankathelo, i-bond mutual fund ingakwazi ukulahlekelwa xabiso ukuba umphathi woqhagamshelwano uthengise inani elibalulekileyo leebhanki kwizinga lokunyuka kwenzala kuba abatyalomali kwimarike evulekile baya kufuna isaphulelo (hlawula ixabiso elincinane) kwiibhanki ezikhulileyo ezihlawula umdla amazinga.
Uluphi uhlobo lweNgxowa-mali yeBond elungile kuwe?
Imali nganye yebhondi inomnqophiso othile oza kubangela uhlobo lweebhanki ezigcinwe kwingxowa-mali kwaye ngoko ke, uhlobo lweengxowa-mali okanye uhlobo . Ngokuqhelekileyo, abatyali-mali abanokuzikhethela bakhetha iimali ezibophelelweyo zithengisa izibophelelo ezinomlinganiselo omncinci kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wekhredithi ngenxa yokuba banomngcipheko omncinci wokungabikho komngcipheko wezinga lomhlaba . Nangona kunjalo, umdla ofunyenweyo okanye uvuno uphantsi kwale mali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imali yokubophelela imali kwiibhondi kunye neemfuno ezide kunye nekhwalithi ephantsi yekhredithi iya kuba neyona ndlela inamandla yokubuyisela inzuzo ephezulu ngokutshintshisa umngcipheko ophezulu.
Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba uluhlobo luni lwebhondi elungileyo kuwe, i- bond index index ingabakhetha ukukhetha. Ngaphezulu kwayo yonke ingqalelo ekwakheni iipotifoliyo zeemali zengxowa-mali kukuba unemixube eyahlukeneyo yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemali eziphathekayo ezifanelekileyo kwiinjongo zakho zophuhliso kunye nokunyamezela ingozi.