Xa iibhonki zihlaziywa kwixabiso
Nangona kunjalo, utyalo-mali oluzinzileyo, njengengxowa-mali yezivumelwano, luyakunciphisa ixabiso. Ngoko ke, abatyala-mali bangayilahleka njani imali ngemali yezibophelelo kwaye bangayisebenzisa njani ngokuhlakanipha?
Isiseko kwiBond kunye neBond Mutual Funds
Ukuqonda indlela umvuzo wemali yomsebenzi kufuneka uqalise ngayo ngayo indlela ukugcinwa kweempahla ezikhuselekileyo.
Oku kungenxa yokuba iimali zobudlelwane bezivumelwano zidibene kunye nokutyalomali-mali. Kodwa iibhondi kunye neengxowa-mali ezibanjwayo azisebenzi ngendlela efanayo, ngokukodwa xa kuziwa kwixabiso kunye nokusebenza. Ukuba uqonda iziseko zeebhondi, unokuqala ukuqonda izinto ezisisiseko zeengxowa-mali ezidibeneyo kunye nokungafani phakathi kwezi zibini.
Masithi uthatha isigqibo sokutshala imali kwisibophelelo, njengesiBondari seNyaka-mali ka- US (iminyaka eyi-10 yeT Note) kwaye ubophelo luhlawula i-2.00%. Uthenga i-$ 10,000 eyixabiso kwixabiso leedola ezili-100 nganye. Ukucinga ukuba ubambe iiNqaku zeT T ekuvuthweni, uza kufumana i-$ 200 (10,000 x 0.02) ngonyaka iminyaka elishumi, ngeli xesha uza kufumana imali yakho eyi-$ 10,000. Yingakho iibhonkco zibhekwa njengengeniso engenangqiqo: "Ngenxa yokuba ingeniso (isivuno) isilungele ukukhula. Kodwa kwenzekani ukuba ufuna ukuthengisa i-bond yakho ngaphambi kokuba iminyaka elishumi iphakanyiswe? Le yilapho ukhuseleko lokubonwa kweebhondi lingaba lukhuni.
Ixesha kunye neendlela zeBond zehla ngayo kwixabiso
Isihloko salo nqaku sithi "Iingxowa-mali zeBond zingayilahla njani imali" kodwa utyalo-mali aluzange "lulahleke" okanye "luzuze" imali baze bathengiswe; bahla (bahla) okanye baxabise (bazuze) kwixabiso ngokusekelwe kwixabiso labo, okanye ngokuchanekileyo kwixabiso labo leNtsalela ye-Asset (NAV) . Umzekelo, awulahlekelwa yimali xa indlu yakho iyancipha kwixabiso.
Oko kukuthi, ngaphandle kokuba uthengise xa ixabiso liphantsi kwexabiso lokuthenga! Isishwankathelo, awunayo inzuzo okanye ilahleko kwintengo-mali ude uyithengise.
Ngokufanayo, ukuba ubhonkco oyithengayo uthengisa kwixabiso kwaye uyithengisa ngaphambi kokukhula, kuya kufuneka uthengise ngexabiso elincinci kwimarike kwaye wamukele ukulahleka, oku ngoku "ukulahleka." Ngokusekelwe kulo mzekelo ukhankanywe ngasentla weNkcazo yeR $ 10,000, umtyalo-mali unokufumana imali engaphantsi kwe-$ 10,000 eyintloko xa athengisa isibophelelo ngaphambi kokukhula kwaye iye yehla ngexabiso.
Yintoni eyenza amaxabiso amabhondi ahlawule kunye neeNgxowa-mali zeBond ziyancipha kwixabiso?
Ixabiso leBond lihamba kwindlela eyahlukileyo njengamazinga enzala. Nasi isizathu: Cinga ukuba ucinga ukuthenga intlabo yomntu ngamnye (kungekhona i-fund). Ukuba izibophelelo zanamhlanje zihlawula inzala ephezulu ngaphezu kweebhondi zezolo, uya kuthanda ukuthenga izibopho ezihlawulela inzala ephezulu namhlanje ukuze ufumane imbuyekezo ephezulu (isivuno esiphezulu). Nangona kunjalo, unokuqwalasela ukuhlawula iibhanki eziphantsi ezenzelwa umrhumo wenzalo ukuba umniki-mvume wayezimisele ukukunika isaphulelo (intengo ephantsi) ukuthenga ubophelelo. Njengoko unokuqikelela, xa amaxabiso entlupheko enyukayo ekhuphuka amaxabiso amabhondi adala aya kuwa kuba abatyali-mali baya kufuna iikhutshulwa kwiintlawulo zentsapho ezidala (kunye nezantsi).
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu intengo yamabhanki ishukuthela kwindlela echaseneyo yemilinganiselo yemigangatho kunye neendleko zemali yebhondi zithintela kwizinga lentengo.
Iimali zeBond zisebenza ngokungafaniyo neebhondi kuba iimali ezihlangeneyo zibandakanya iininzi okanye amakhulu amabamba abaphathi kunye neengxowa-mali ze-fund bahlala bethengisa kwaye bathengisa iimbophelelo eziphantsi kwenkxaso-mali. Njengoko kuthethwe apha ngaphambili, imali yebhanki ayinayo "intengo" kodwa ixabiso leNtsalelo yeNtsalelo yeNtsalelo ye-Asset (NAV). Abaphathi nabo kufuneka bahlangabezane nokuhlengwa (kubanye abatyali-mali batyhoxise imali kwi-fund). Ngoko utshintsho kwixabiso lamanyanzelo liya kutshintsha i-NAV yenkxaso-mali.
Indlela yokuTyala imali kwiNdawo yokuHlalwa kweMali yeNzala
Kwiimeko zokunyuka kwamaxabiso, ixabiso lentengo ngokubanzi liwela . Kwakhona, oku kubangelwa ukuba utyalo-zimali abanqwenela ukuthenga izibhanki ezihlawula umrhumo omncinci ngaphandle kokuba bafumana isaphulelo.
Ukongezelela, ixesha elide lokukhula, inkulu ukuguquka kwintengo ngokumalunga nokunyuka kwezinga lentengo. Ngethuba lokunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye namaxabiso ahlayo, imali yexesha elide lembotyi iya kuncipha kwixabiso ngaphezu kwexesha eliphakathi kunye nexesha elifutshane. Ngenxa yoko abanye abatyali-mali kunye nabaphathi bemali baya kutshintshwa imali yabo engenayo yokufumana imali ekufutshane xa kufakwe ilinganiso. Xa izinga lokunciphisa inzala liye linciphisa ukukhula kwexesha elide (oko kukuthi i-long-term bond bond) ingaba bhetele olungcono.
Isishwankathelo, i-bond mutual fund ingalahlekelwa xabiso ukuba umphathi wezintengiso uthengise inani elibalulekileyo leebhanki kwindawo ephakamileyo yenzalo kunye nabatyalomali kwiimarike ezivulekileyo baya kufuna isaphulelo (hlawula ixabiso eliphantsi) kwiibhondi ezidala ezihlawula umdla amazinga. Kwakhona, ukwehla kwamanani kuya kuphazamisa i-NAV.
Iimali zeBond zisoloko zingengozini kakhulu kuneemali zakwa-stock joint. Kodwa abatyali-bulumko baqiqa ukuqonda ukuba ixabiso lekhredithi yebhondi inokutshintsha. Iingcamango ezilungileyo kubatyalomali kukufumana iimali ezinxulumene nezibophelelo, zibambe ixesha elide, kwaye uzame ukungaqwalasela ingqalelo ukuguquka.
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi olukule ndawo lunikezelwa ngeenjongo zengxoxo kuphela, kwaye akufanele lichazwe ngokungeniswa njengeengcebiso zotyalo-mali. Ngaphandle kweemeko ngaba le nkcazelo ibonisa isincomo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iziqinisekiso.