Yintoni Injongo Yotyalo-mali?
Injongo yakho yotyalo-mali yinjongo kwipotifoliyo ethile isebenza ngeemfuno zakho zemali.
Kwabaninzi abantu, injongo yesikhundla sepotyalali yabo yotyalo-mali lukhula ngokukhawuleza ukuxhasa umhlalaphantsi. Abanye banokuba sele behlala phantsi kwaye bafuna ingeniso yangoku kunye nokukhula kwexesha elide. Kwaye abanye abatyalo-mali bafuna ukugcina nje izinto abaziphetheyo ngoku kwaye banomdla ngakumbi kunokhuseleko kunokukhula okanye ingeniso.
Xa iinjongo zichongiwe, kuya kuthi ke zichaze ukuba zeziphi iiklasi ze-asethi kunye neentlobo zezokhuseleko ezifunekayo ukuzalisekisa injongo yepotfolio. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba kungakhathaliseki ukuba yinjongo yotyalo-mali, uya kufuna enye ingxowa-mali eyodwa.
Yintoni ukunyamezela kwakho?
Ukunyamezela ngengozi lixesha lokutyalomali elimalunga nomngcipheko wemarike, ngokukodwa ukutshatyalaliswa (ups and downs), umtyalo-mali unokunyamezela. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba unokunyamezela okukhulu kwimiba engozini, kuthetha ukuba uzimisele ukubambelela kwiimali zakho zobudlelwane xa behla ngexabiso kunye nangaphandle kwemarike yeebhere .
Ngokuqhelekileyo kunobungozi ukubamba imali enye okanye ezimbini, ngokukodwa ukuba ziyimali yesitokethi, enokuyenza ixesha elide kodwa ingaba nokuguquka okukhulu (ukuphakama nokuhla), okanye into ebizwa ngokuba yinyanzalo, ngexesha elifutshane.
Ukuba awukwazi ukunyamezela kwakho umngcipheko, umbuzo wokunyamezela ukunyamezela ingxaki unokunceda ngokubuza imibuzo emininzi ngeemeko ezahlukeneyo zemarike, apho unokukwazi ukuxela ukuba uyayiphendula njani kwaye ngaloo ndlela uncedise ukucacisa imali efanelekileyo ngokufanelekileyo.
Ziziphi iindidi okanye iinqununu zeeNgxowa oziya kuzifuna?
Ukuba uninzi lwabatyalo-mali kwaye unomlinganiselo ophantsi wokunyamezela okusemngciphekweni, kukulungele ukubamba ubuncinane imali emithathu okanye emine kunye neendlela kunye neenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba ngaba zihlukeneyo, ziya kunciphisa ukungazinzi ngokuhlanganisa iintlobo zeengxowa-mali ezingabandakanyeli iimpawu ezifanayo. Ngokomzekelo, kwiimarike zeebhere, iimali zeempahla zinciphisa kakhulu kwixabiso kodwa iibhondi zemali zingabamba ukubaluleka kwazo okanye ziphakame kwixabiso lemarike yeebhere.
Kwinqanaba elisisisiseko, kukho iindidi ezibini zengxowa-mali - iimali zesikhwama kunye neengxowa-mali. Iibhanki kunye neebhondi nazo zimbini zeeklasi ezintathu zokutyala. Ungatshala imali ngemali yemarike yemali , emele iklasi ye-asethi yesithathu-imali.
Ngoko ke ukungafani kwinqanaba elilula kakhulu kukutyalomali kwiingxowa-mali ezimbini zomzimbini - enye ye-stock joint fund kunye nengxowa-mali eyodwa yentsebenziswano. Imali yemarike yemali ingaba yinxalenye efanelekileyo yepotfoliyo, ngakumbi ukuba kukho imfuneko yokuthengiswa kwemali (ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza kwemali) kunye / okanye umtyalo-mali unelungelo lokunyamezela okusemngciphekweni.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwaye ucinga ukuba unomlinganiselo ophezulu wokunyamezela okuphezulu kwengozi kunye nenjongo yokukhula kwexesha elide, uya kufuna iimali ezingaphezulu kweempahla kunokuba uhlawule imali kwi-portfolio yakho.
Unayo Imali Kangakanani Ukutshala imali kwi-Mutual Funds?
Ngokuxhomekeke kwenkampani yokubambisana kunye ne-akhawunti yoluhlu (okt IRA, 401k, okanye i-akhawunti yomrharensi ehlawuliswayo), ungadinga ukufikelela kwi-3,000 yee-$ ukuthenga imali enye. Nantsi ixabiso elincinci lokutsalwa kweemali ezixhasayo kwezinye zeenkampani ezithandwa kakhulu kunye kunye nabathengisi bokuphuhlisa:
- IiNgxowa zeVanguard : $ 3,000
- Imali Yokwethembeka : $ 2,500
- I-T. Rowe Iimali zexabiso : $ 2,500
- Iikharityhulam zikaCharles Schwab : $ 100
Ngoko ke, ukuba unayo i-$ 3,000 egciniweyo kwaye ufuna ukuthenga i-fund yakho yokuqala ye-fund, kwaye ufuna ukusebenzisa iVanguard, unokungenakho ukhetho kodwa utyalomali kwi-fund eyodwa kuphela.
Ngethamsanqa, iVanguard kunye nezinye iinkampani ezingekho mthwalo zenkampani zengxowa-mali zixhaswa ngemali, zidla ngokuba zibiza ngemali yemali , ezitshala imali kwezinye iimali. Ngokomzekelo, iVanguard "LifeStrategy" ihlawula imali nganye kwiimali ezine zeVanguard.
Ngako oko, ukuthenga i-fund eyodwa nje ngolu hlobo lufezekisa umphumo ofanayo njengoko kuthengwa iimali ezine ezihlangeneyo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo.
Ungakha njani iNgxowa-mali yeMali yeMali?
Ngelixa kunokwenzeka ukutshala imali kwi-fund eyodwa , abatyala-mali baqiqile ukwakha iphothifoliyo yabo kwaye bayiphathe ngokwezidingo zabo ezithile. Unokusebenzisa ithuba lemfundiso yecandelo leephotothifoliyo ukwakha iphothifoliyo eyahlukeneyo kwaye iyafaneleka kuwe.
Ngethamsanqa, le ngqungquthela ye-portfolio ingenziwa lula kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba yinto eqhelekileyo yokuhlolwa kweso sikhothifoliyo ebizwa ngokuba yiCor and Satellite . Esi sakhiwo sivakala nje: Uqala nge "intloko," edla ngokuba yikhwama-sikhokelo yesitokisi esikhulu, esimele inxalenye enkulu yepottoliyo kunye nokwakha malunga neengxowa-mali "ze-satellite", ngamnye uya kubonisa amacandelo amancinci kwiphothifoliyo yakho. Nasi umzekelo wepotfoliyo eyintloko kunye ne-satelthi efanelekileyo kumxalomali-mali osisigxina (olwabiwo lwe-asethi), i-asethi ye-30%, i-5% ye-Cash / MMKT):
I-40% yesitokhwe esikhulu (i-Index)
I-10% yesitokhwe encinane
15% yaseStock Exit
30% I-Bond yexesha eliphakathi
05% Imali-mali / iMarike yeMali
Uxube lweentlobo zengxowa-mali kunye nemali yeemarike zemali zihambelana kakuhle, oko kuthetha ukuba i-fund ngayinye inesitayela sokutsalwa esisodwa esingahambelananga kakhulu (nakwezinye) nakweminye imali kwi-portfolio. Kwixesha elide, eli phothifoliyo inokuvelisa ukubuyiswa kwe-5% ukuya kwi-8%, ngokusekelwe kumyinge wembali. Kweminye imodeli yepottoliyo:
Ukufingqa, kwaye ekugqibeleni uphendule umbuzo wendlela ezininzi eziphathekayo ezifanelekileyo, mhlawumbi inani elifanelekileyo liphakathi kwemali emithathu nantlanu. Akusoloko kuyimfuneko ukuba ube nemali engaphezulu kwe-10 eyahlukeneyo.
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi olukule ndawo lunikezelwa ngeenjongo zengxoxo kuphela, kwaye akufanele lichazwe ngokungeniswa njengeengcebiso zotyalo-mali. Ngaphandle kweemeko ngaba le nkcazelo ibonisa isincomo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iziqinisekiso.