I-Mutual Funds Inkcazo
Iimali zengxowa-mali ziyi-investment evumela ukuba iqela lootyalo-mali lidibanise imali yabo kwaye liqeshe umphathi wepottoliyo. Umphathi ufaka imali leyo (ipahla zeengxowa-mali) kwiibhanki, iibhondi okanye ezinye izithenjwa zokutyalomali (okanye ukudibanisa kwezitokisi, iibhondi kunye nokugcina).
Umphathi wezezimali uyaqhubeka ukuthenga nokuthengisa iimpahla kunye neziqinisekiso ngokubhekiselele kwisitayela esichazwe yi- prospectus prospectus .
Imirhumo yeMali yeMali
Zonke iimali zokuhlawula iimali zokuhlawula imali kunye nokulawula i-fund. Imirhumo yolawulo ihlawula iinkampani zemali (okanye abaphathi) ukulawula imali. Ezinye iimali zihlawulisa abatyali-mali ukuba bathengise imali yokuthengisa / umthwalo xa eqala ukuthenga izabelo kwi-fund, ngelixa ezinye iimali zihlawulisa umthwalo wokugqibela ( ukuthengiswa kwemali elandelwayo ) ekuthengisweni kwezabelo zeengxowa-mali. Kukho nemali engenazo iintlawulo zentengiso kwaye ezi zibizwa ngokuba "akukho mali-mthwalo." Imirhumo ye-12b-1 imiselwe ezinye iimali zokubhengeza iindleko zokuthengisa nokuhambisa. Kukho iindidi ezahlukileyo zengxowa-mali ezahlukileyo kwisakhiwo somrhumo ngokweklasi (iCandelo A, iCandelo B , iCandelo C , njl.).
Ukwakhiwa kweeMali eziManyeneyo
Ngokuqinisekileyo, iimali zengxowa-mali "zivulekile" iimali - enye yezinto ezine ezisisiseko zeenkampani zotyalo-mali.
Iimali ezivaliweyo zokugqibela, iimali ezithengiselwano-mali kunye neyunithi yokutshala imali yileyunithi yezinye iintlobo ezintathu. Njengenkampani yokutyalomali, iimali zentlawulo zilawulwa phantsi kwe-Investment Company Act ka-1940.
UmGaqo-mali weMatual Funds
Umgaqo-mali wemali, ngokuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokutshala imali (cinga: i- hedge funds ) ikhulu.
Iimali zengxowa-mali kufuneka zihambisane nemigaqo emiselweyo elandelwa yiKomishoni yezoThutho kunye noTshintshiso . ISebe lijongene nokuthotyelwa kweNgxowa-mali ye-Investment Company Act ka-1940, kunye nokunamathela kwayo eminye imithetho kunye nemimiselo yomthetho. Ukususela ekuphuhliseni kwabo, ukulawulwa kwemali-mali yabathengi kubonelelwe ngabathengi ngokuzithemba ngokuphathelele kwisakhiwo sotyalo-mali.
Ukuchithwa kweMatual Funds
Ubuhle beemali zentsebenziswano kukuba unako ukutyalombela iikhilomitha ezimbalwa zeedola kwiziko elilodwa kwaye ufumane ukufikelela kwangoko kwipotifoliyo eyahlukeneyo . Ngaphandle koko, ukuze udibanise iphothifoliyo yakho, unokufuna ukuthenga amasheya athile, okukubonisa ukuba umngcipheko kunye nobunzima.
Esinye isizathu sokutshala imali kwiimali eziziimali kukubambelela kwinqununu eyisiseko yokutyalo-mali: Musa ukubeka onke amaqanda akho kwibhaksi enye. Ngamanye amazwi, iintlobo ezininzi zeentlobo- mali-mali kwisinye isikhothifoliyo sinciphisa umngcipheko wokulahlekelwa yile naliphi na kwezo zityalo-mali. Umzekelo, ukuba ubeka yonke imali yakho kwisitokisi senkampani enye kunye neefayile zeefayile zokuchithwa , ulahlekelwa yimali yakho yonke. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba utyalomali kwingxowa-mali eyahlukeneyo enezitokisi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba uya kukhula imali yakho ngexesha.
Okona kuncinci, ukuchithwa kwekhampani enye akuthethi ukuba ulahlekelwa ngulo lonke utsalo-mali.
Ulawulo lweMali loPhuhliso lweMatual Funds
Abanini-zimali abaninzi abanalo izixhobo okanye ixesha lokuthenga amasheya ngamnye . Ukutshala imali kwiimali ezizimeleyo, ezinjengamasheya, kungekhona nje ukuthatha izibonelelo, kodwa ixesha elithile. Ngokwahlukileyo, abaphathi kunye nabahlalutyi beengxowa-mali ezihlanganyelweneyo bavuka ekuseni ngokuzinikezela ubomi babo bobugcisa ukuphanda nokuhlalutya ukubamba kwabo kunye nokubambisa imali yabo.
Uhlobo lweeMali eziManyeneyo
Kukho ezininzi iintlobo kunye neendlela zokuxhaswa kwemali. Kukho iimali zesikhwama, iimali zebhanki, iimali zecandelo , iimali zemarike yemali kunye neengxowa-mali ezilinganisiweyo . Iimali zokubambisana zivumela ukuba utyalomali kwiimarike nokuba ukholelwa ekulawuleni iphothifoliyo esebenzayo (imali elawulwa ngokusebenzayo) okanye ukhetha ukuthenga isigaba seemarike ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kumphathi (imali engekho phantsi kunye neenkcukacha zezimali ).
Ukufumaneka kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemali kukuvumela ukuba wenze iphothifoliyo eyahlukeneyo ngeendleko eziphantsi kwaye kungekho bunzima obukhulu.