Zonke iiMali zeMualual Fund zifumana iiNtlawulo - Abanye baninzi kunabanye
1. I-Ratio yeNkcitho - Le mali eqhubekayo ikhona kuyo yonke i-Mutual Fund
Kubiza imali ukuqhuba i- fund . Ezinye iimali zindleko zokusebenza ngaphezu kwabanye. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni indleko, zonke iimali zentlawulo zibizwa ngokuba ngumlinganiselo weendleko , okanye ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba ngumrhumo wolawulo okanye iindleko zokusebenza.
Le ntlawulo inqunywe kwii-asethi ezipheleleyo ze-fund ngaphambi kokuba ixabiso lesabelo sakho libekwe.
Umzekelo: Masithi ungumnikazi weengxowa-mali ezahlukileyo ezixabiswa kwi-$ 10.00 ngesabelo ngasinye. Ibuyiswe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwe-10%, oku kuthetha ukuba ukubuyiswa kwayo kwentlawulo epheleleyo bekuyi $ 1.00 ngesabelo ngasinye. Ukuba bekungekho iirhafu, izabelo zeengxowa-mali ziya kuxabiswa kwi-$ 11.00, kodwa umphathi wezezimali uyanciphisa i-1% kwiimirhumo, ngoko ke ukubuyiswa kwakho kwangoku kubakho .89 amanani esikhundleni se-$ 1.00 epheleleyo, kwaye emva kweemali, isabelo sakho sixabisa i-$ 10.89.
Jikelele ulawula malunga nokulinganiswa kweendleko:
- Iimali ezilawulwa ngokunyanisekileyo zineendleko eziphezulu zokusebenza ngaphandle kweemali ezingekho phantsi okanye i-index index. Oku kungenxa yokuba isikhwama esilawulwayo sisebenza ngokuqhuba uphando oluqhubekayo ukuzama ukufumanisa i- securities best to own. Olu phando lubiza iindleko ezingaphezulu, kodwa amanani abonisa ukuba awufumani oko uhlawulayo .
- Iimali zamazwe ngamazwe zinemali ephezulu ngaphezu kwemali yasekhaya. Kuthatha imali ethe xaxa ukuthenga utyalo-mali oluthengiswa ngaphandle kwe-US Le xabiso eliphezulu lidlulileyo kunye nendlela yokuhlawula imali ephezulu.
- Izimali ezincinci zemali zineemali eziphezulu kunezimali ezinkulu. Iindleko ezininzi ukuthenga nokuthengisa amasheya amancinci kunamakhulu. Le ndleko ephakamileyo idluliselwa kunye nendlela yokuhlawula imali ephezulu.
- Iimali zeengxelo okanye iimali eziphathekayo ngokuqhelekileyo zinemali ephantsi kakhulu, kwaye ukufumana ezi ntlobo zemali kuye kwabonakaliswa ukuba ibonakaliso esinamandla sokusebenza kwengxowa-mali yengomso .
- Iinkampani ezahlukeneyo zingahlawulisa ngokubanzi ukulinganiswa kweendleko zemali efanayo. Ingxowa-mali enkulu yokukhula kweebhanki kwiNkampani A ingaba yiphakamileyo kakhulu kunelolu hlobo lwemali kwiNkampani B.
Xa kuthelekiswa neengxowa-mali, gcina izinto ezingentla engqondweni. Akunangqiqo ukuthelekisa imali yentlawulo kwi-fund enkulu ye-US kwingxowa-mali enkulu kwi-fund yangaphandle. Akunjalo ukuthelekiswa kwe-apula-to-apples.
2. Intlawulo yokuthengisa okanye iKhomishoni - Imali ehlawulwayo oyiNtlawulo
Xa uthengisa "i-share" kwingxowa-mali, uya kuhlawula ikhomishini xa uthengela izabelo. Olu hlobo lwemali ngamanye amaxesha lubhekiselwa kwintlawulo yokuthengisa okanye "umthwalo wokugqibela". Ngaloo ndlela ingxowa "engekho mthwalo" ayikho imali ephezulu.
Ngesikhwama semali esiphezulu sokugqibela xa inani lakho lokutshala imali lilonke lidlula inani lemingcele kwaye uzimisele ukulifaka yonke into kwiintsapho ezifanayo. Unokufanelekela oko kukuthi "ukuphumula" okanye umrhumo ongaphantsi.
Nasi umzekelo womthwalo wokugqibela: Masithi uthengela i-fund exabisekileyo kwi-10.00 yeesabelo ngasinye kwaye isine-5% yokuthengisa ngentlawulo yokugqibela. Uya kuhlawula malunga ne-$ 10.52 kwisabelo ngasinye esithengiweyo, njengoko intlawulo yokuthengisa ye-5% iya kufakwa kwixabiso lokuqala lokuthengwa kwezabelo zakho.
Abathengisi abaninzi bezezimali bahlawulwa ngolu hlobo lwemithwalo okanye iikomishini .
Imali yokuXhowula - Intlawulo oya kuhlawula xa uthengisa amaSahlulo
Xa uthengisa i-"B share" kwingxowa-mali yomzi, xa uthengisa izabelo ze-fund yakho ngexesha elikhankanyweyo uza kuhlawula umrhumo wokuhlawulela, obizwa ngokuba ngumthwalo "wokugqibela umthwalo", umrhumo wokuthengisa othe wenziwa ngokutsha okanye ukunikezelwa hlawula .
Umzekelo: Masithi uthengisa i-fund exabiswa kwi-10.00 yeesabelo ngasinye kwaye isine-5%. Ukuba uthengisa izabelo zakho ngonyaka owodwa wokuthenga, uza kufumana i-$ 9.50 ngesabelo ngasinye. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le ntlawulo iyahla ngonyaka, ngoko ngonyaka we-2, inokuhlawula kwimali e-4%, ngonyaka we-3, u-3%, njalo njalo.
Ukuba unayo imali ye-B yakho yemali yexabiso elifunekayo lexesha, ngokwesihlomelo saloo mali, ngoko awuyi kuhlawula imali xa uthengisa.
4. Iimali zoThengiselo lwexesha elifutshane
Iimali zentengiso zenzelwe ukuba zityalo-mali zangexesha elide; Imirhumo yexesha elincinci yokurhweba iye yafakwa kwezinye iimali ukuphazamisa abatyalo-mali ukuba bathengise kunye nokuphuma kwemali.
Iimali zokubambisana ngaphakathi kwi-401 yakho (k) iakhawunti ingaxhomekeka kwiimali zorhwebo zesikhashana.
Imirhumo yexeshana yokuthengisa imiselweyo xa uthenge amasheya uze ubathengise kwakhona kwiintsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwe-90. Kule meko, i-fund yonkana iya kuhlawulisa intlawulo ye-1-3% xa kuthengiswa izabelo ezithengiweyo.
5. 12 (b) I-1 Imali, iNkonzo yeMali, okanye iMali yokuPhathiswa
Iimali ezininzi zinomsebenzi oqhubekayo okanye umrhumo wokuthengisa, obizwa ngokuba ngu-12 (b) umrhumo o-1, ohlawulelwa kumcebisi wezezimali okanye kwinkampani yeenkonzo zezimali njengembuyekezo yokuthengisa imali.
Ukuba uthengisa "isabelo se-C" kwingxowa-mali yomzi uya kuba ne-1% 12 (b) yentlawulo ye-1, ngaphezu kwexabiso leendleko. Njengomlinganiselo weendleko, le ntlawulo yenkonzo iya kuncitshiswa ngaphandle kwexabiso lemali phambi kokuba ixabiso lesabelo sakho libekwe.
Umzekelo: Masithi unayo isabelo se-C esixabiswa kwi-10.00 nganye ngesabelo. Inokubuyiswa okupheleleyo kwonyaka we-10%, oku kuthetha ukuba ukubuyiswa kwetyalo-mali ngokupheleleyo bekuyi-$ 1.00 ngesabelo ngasinye. Umphathi wezikhwama uyanciphisa i-1% kwiimirhumo, ngoko ukubuyiswa kwakho kwangoku kubakho .89 amanani endaweni ye-$ 1.00 epheleleyo.
Maxesha a tshintsha
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abatyali-mali baye baba neengxaki kwiimali ezihlawula ukutshala imali. Iinkampani ze-Mutual fund zivakalelwa ingcinezelo yokunciphisa imirhumo yazo yokuncintisana kangangoko kunye ne-ETFs, i-roboadvising, kunye nezinye iindlela zokunciphisa izindleko.
Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba iintlawulo zomxhaso zentlawulo ziye zawa kakhulu kodwa ungavumeli ukuba ugcine. Imirhumo ephakamileyo ingakuphanga ixabiso elininzi lokukhula kwipotfoliyo ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye novavanyo lubonisa ukuba iimali eziphezulu azifanelanga nokusebenza okungcono.