Izifundo ezivela kwiMininzi yeMelika yaseMelika eninzi eyenziwe eyimfihlo eyenza imali
Ngokuxhomekeka kwiimeko kunye neemeko, ubunini bexesha elide elijolise ekuhlaleni okuphantsi, iindleko ezifanelekileyo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwentela, ukujonga izinto ezifana nexesha lemarike kunye nokugxila kwizinto ezisemgangathweni esikhundleni.
U-Anne Scheiber, ngokukodwa, wayengomnye wam izifundo zokuqala zam. Ibali lakhe liyabakhuthaza kwaye lifanelekile ukukhangela ukuba ufuna ukuzimela ngokwezimali . Ndifuna ukujonga ngenye yesifundo sotyalo-mali esinokukhipha kwiindlela zakhe; ukuqonda ukuba ixesha elide lokuxuba, izigqibo ezinengqiqo kunye nokuzimisela ukubeka umsebenzi kungabangela ukuba inkunzi iphumelele Kubani nabani na abaneminyaka emininzi yokulinda ubomi ngaphambi kwabo (kunye nabo bangenawo kodwa abafuna qalisa inkqubo yokuxuba abantwana babo, abazukulu, okanye ezinye iindlalifa), iSuiber ixabisa ngaphezu kokubheka. Thatha uhambo kunye nam ngexesha ukuze ubone ukuba lo mfazi ophawulekayo wakha ityala lakhe lokutyalo-mali.
Ukuqala Uhambo lwakhe kwiNinzi-Millioneire Status kunye ne-Savings Small kunye nePensheni
Phakathi no-1940, uSuiber wafumana umhlalaphantsi. Wayehleli e-$ 5,000 isamba semali esasisindisile. Kwakhona wayenomhlala-phantsi we $ 3,150. U-Anne wayetshiswe ngabadayisi bempahla ngexesha leminyaka ye-1930, ngoko wazimisela ukuba angathembeli nakubani na kwixesha lakhe elizayo lwezezimali.
Kunoko, enikwe into ayengenayo ngaphandle kwexesha kwaye akazange akhathazeke ngokufumana umsebenzi, wagqiba ekubeni afake uhlalutyo olwazifundileyo kwi-IRS ukusebenza. Waqala ukukhangela iinkampani ayefuna ukuzifumana; iinkampani ayecinga ukuba unokuqhubeka nokuzenza imali aze ahlawule izabelo zakhe njengoko bephumelela. Ukuhamba iingxelo zonyaka , uza kuhlalutya iingxelo zengeniso kwaye afunde ama-balance sheet . Ukusebenzisa umthamo wakhe kunye nokuhamba kwemali, waqala ukufumana izikhundla, ekhulisa ubunikazi bakhe emva konyaka, ebuka ingeniso eyongezelelweyo yengeniso .
Ngexesha leminyaka engama-50 + elandela isigqibo sakhe sokuqala ukulawula imali de kube sekufeni kwakhe, uSuiber uqhutywe kwindlu yakhe encinane eNew York City. Ekupheleni kobomi bakhe, waqulunqa ngokucebisana ukuze ahlawulele i-fortune, eyayiqhakazelele nangona i-booms kunye neebhasi, imfazwe kunye noxolo, kunye naluphi uhlobo lweenguqulelo zentlalo, olunokuthi lunikezelwe kwiYunivesithi ye-Yeshiva, imali ezinikezelwe kwi-scholarship eyenzelwe ukukunceda inkxaso efanelekileyo abafazi. Umnikelo weza kutshatyalaliswa - akukho mntu wayesazi ukuba unayo uhlobo lwemali akwenzileyo, okanye ukuba wayezimisele ukuwunikela ngokuzenzekelayo.
Imfihlelo yendlela yokutyalomali ka-Anne Scheiber yehla kwimigaqo emithandathu eyintloko.
1. UkuziThengisa uPhando loPhando kunye nokuThengwa kwezinto aziqonda
Wayenolwazi, amava, ixesha, nomnqweno wokuhlalutya i-economics ye- stocks , iibhondi kunye nezinye izinto. Oku kwamnika uxolo lwengqondo xa iimarike zitheka-kwaye kwakukho amaxesha amaninzi phezu komsebenzi wakhe wokutyalo-mali xa izitokisi zihlahliwe ngama-33% ukuya kuma-50%-kuba wayeyazi ukuba wayenayo nokuthi kutheni unayo; Waqonda ukuba i-earnings kunye nokuhamba kwemali kwenzelwe kwaye ukuba, ngokumalunga nexabiso elihlawule ngalo, wayesenokuba nesiphumo esonelisayo ukuba wayebambelele kuyo nokuba kungakhathaliseki ukuba bekubuhlungu kangakanani ngeli xesha.
2. Ukuthengwa kweeMpawu zeMigangatho yeeNkampani ezigqithisileyo nangona zibonakala ziBoring
Abatyalomali babanjwe kwiifayili yonke into eyinyani njengabo bachitha isithethe se-parisian height couture. Ingaba iintlobo ezithile zeenkampani, ezinjengeenkonzo zombane ezizukulwana eziliqela ezedlule, okanye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeendlela, ezifana ne-inshorensi yesikhothifoliyo kwiminyaka ye-1980 okanye uhlalutyo lwemali namhlanje, uSekiber wayengenayo enye yokufumana inkolo yonqulo.
Ukunyelisa kwakhe? Yena, endaweni yoko, wagxininisa into ayayiyazi ukuba yenze ukuba acebile: Unyaka wonke, wayefuna ukuba nenxalenye enkulu yobunini kwipotifoliyo yakhe yeenkampani ezinokuthi zithumelele imali eninzi kunye nomgca ophezulu . Oku kuthetha ukuthatha inxalenye enkulu yemali yakhe kwiimpahla ze-blue-chip . Ngelixa kwakukho ukukhohliswa, ubungqina bebuqhetseba. Ukuzimisela kwakhe ukucinga ngaphandle kwesihlwele kwakungenye yeempumelelo zakhe ezikhanyayo. Ngaphandle kwayo, asiyi kuxoxa naye ngoku.
Namhlanje, amashishini amangalisa ahlala ehlanjalazwa njengenkampani "enkulu" okanye "abahlolokazi" nangona kunjalo, ngokugqithiseleyo kwexesha elide, bathambekele ekuchotsheni i- S & P 500 ngokubanzi ngenxa yeenzuzo zabo ezinkulu zokuncintisana kunye nokubuyiswa okukhulu kwiinkunzi . Zizoshishino ezifana neColgate-Palmolive kunye noJohnson & Johnson. Kwiminyaka apho izinto ezinjengamasheya ezinqwelo zeenqwelo zeenqwelo zeenqwelo zeenqwelo zeenqwelo zeenqwelo zeenqwelo zeenqwelo zeenqwelo zeenqwelo zeenqwelo zeenqwelo zeenqwelo zomoya, zikhupha isalathisi esiphezulu kwizinto eziya kuba yinto ehamba phambili yokuphela kwee-banking Kodwa ukungawunaki umnyaka owodwa, iminyaka emithathu, kunye neminyaka emihlanu yokubuya kwaye uqale ukukhangela kwiminyaka eyi-10, iminyaka eyi-15, iminyaka engama-25 okanye ngaphezulu kwaye ukuhlala kwabo okungaze kube sekupheleni kwemali kubonakaliswe kwixabiso langaphakathi ngelixa kunika ukukhuselwa ngexesha lokususwa kunye nokucinywa . Waqokelela umgangatho waza wahlala ekhosini.
3. Ukubuyisela iMilinganiselo, Ukuvumela iMali Yakhe ukuba ihlanganiswe ngokukhawuleza
Njengoko izabelo zakhe zakhula, u-Anne wawalima ukuba athenge amasheya angaphezulu ukuze, ngokwabo, avelise izahlulo ezingaphezulu zazo. Ukwahlula kwizabelo kwizabelo, ukuzimisela kwakhe ukufakela imali kwakhona kwiipotifoliyo zakhe, ukudibanisa rhoqo ukuqokelela kwakhe okuhlukeneyo kobunini bomnini kumvumela ukuba anganciphisi nje kuphela umngcipheko ngokusasaza imali phakathi kweefestile ezininzi, zikhawuleza izinga lokukhula konyaka. Ukubona ukuba izahlulelo ezinokuthi ziphinde zivunwe ngokungaqhelekanga zingabonakala njani, zijonge kule ngxelo yembali yeCoca-Cola .
Enye yezona ziphosakeleyo ezinkulu kunye nabatyalomali abanomdla kukuba zigxininisa ekutshintsheni kwiimali zentengiso okanye ixabiso lentengo kuphela. Ngamaqela amaninzi aqolileyo, azinzileyo, inxalenye enkulu yeenzuzo zibuyiselwe kubanini-zimali ngendlela yemali-mali . Oku kuthetha ukuba awukwazi ukulinganisa ubutyebi obuphezulu obwenzelwe abatyalo-mali ngokujonga ukunyuka kwintengo yempahla. Kufuneka ugxininise kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba yibuyiselo elipheleleyo .
Unjingalwazi wezezimali olambileyo uJeremy Siegel wabiza i- dividends dividends "ye-bear market" kwaye "ukubuyela kwi-accelerator" njengoko kukuvumela ukuba uthenge amasheya angaphezulu kwenkampani xa iimarike ziphazamiseka. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, oku kwandisa kakhulu ukulingana kwakho kwinkampani kunye nezilungelo ozifumanayo njengoko ezo zizabelo zihlawula izabelo; umjikelezo onobuhle. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iirhafu okanye iindleko zokubuyisela izahlulo zikhululekile okanye zincinci ezimbalwa zeedola. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukubuyela kwakho okunye kuya kuhlanganiswa kunye neendleko ezingaphantsi.
Awunayo ukubuyisela kwakhona izabelo zakho, kunjalo. Enyanisweni, kunokubakho imeko apho ufumana uncedo ngakumbi ngokuhlala kwizabelo zakho, ujonge ixesha lakho kwaye uvumele iphothifoliyo yakho ihlanganiswe ngokuthe ngcembe. Emva koko, yintoni inqaku lokuba nemali engaphezulu ekupheleni kobomi ukuba awuzange uchithe ubomi bakho ukwenza oko ufunayo? Isibalulekileyo kukukhumbula into endikuxelele ngayo ixesha elidlulileyo kwishumi elidlulileyo kunye nesiqingatha: Imali isixhobo. Akukho Okuninzi. Akukho ncinane. Kukho ukusebenzela wena; ukukunceda ufumane ubomi obulunayo. Qinisekisa ukuba ikusebenze. Musa ukukhonza.
4. Ukungabi Nokwesaba Ulwabiwo lweeAfa kunye nokuSebenzisa iiHers To Benevantage
Ngokweminye imithombo, u-Anne Scheiber wafa kunye no-60% wemali yakhe ezityalwe kwiimpahla, i-30% kwizibophelelo, kunye no-10% ngemali. (Uninzi lwabatyalomali banomkhuba wokungabikho imali eyaneleyo kwiipotifoliyo zabo .) Kwabo abangaqhelekanga ngengcamango yokwabiwa kweempahla , ingcamango eyisiseko kukuba kubulumko ukuba abatshali-mali abangenalucalulo ukugcina imali yabo yahlula phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokhuseleko ezifana nezitokisi, iibhondi, iimali eziphathekayo, amazwe ngamazwe, imali nempahla. Isiseko kukuba ukutshintsha kwenye intengiso akuyi kuguqula yonke into efanelekileyo.
Umtyalo-mali kunye nomceli uBenjamin Graham wayengumcebisi wabatyalo-mali abachazwa ngokuthi "bayazikhusela", okuthetha ukuba nabani na ongeyena oqeqeshiweyo, bengagcinanga ngaphantsi kwe-25% yeempahla zeepotfoliyo kwimpahla okanye iimbophelo nanini na ixesha. Ndingumfana waloo ndlela njengoko ndabona abaninzi abantu abangenamava kunye nabasetyhini behamba ngokulingana kwe-100% kwimeko embi kakhulu, xa ihlabathi libukeka likhulu, isibhakabhaka sibhakabhaka, kunye neenzuzo zenkampani zikhupha kuphela ukuthengisa xa kwixesha elilandelayo le-oelstrom le-economic frequency, uguqule kwiibhondi ezingama-100% xa kuncinci ubuncinane.
Yenza umfanekiso wesabelo sakho sokufunwa kwexabiso kunye nokunamathela kuyo. Yibhale kule ncwadana yomgaqo-nkqubo. Musa ukulingwa ukuba ufinyelele ngaphaya kweempawu zeemingcipheko zakho. Nangomntu onjenge-billionaire uWarren Buffett udonsa umgca onzima entlabathi xa kuziwa kwiinkqubo ezithile zokwabiwa. Ngokomzekelo, akayi kuvumela inkampani yakhe , iBerkshire Hathaway, ukuba ihlawule ngaphantsi kweebhiliyoni ezingama-20 kwizigidi zemali.
5. Ukongeza kwiNgxowa-mali yakhe rhoqo
Ngaphandle kokuba uhlala kwinqanaba lobuhlwempu, akukho sizathu sokuchitha imali yakho yonke. Ingaba uqokelela iintlawulo zempesheni, ufumana uxolo lweNtlalo, okanye usebenza umsebenzi wesikhathi sokusebenza njengendlela yokuhlala uxakeke, rhoqo uzama ukuqhuba i-surplus ukuze ungeze okungaphezulu kwiindawo zakho zokubamba, nokuba unenjongo yokukunika kude nomnye umntu. Kukho into ebalulekileyo malunga nokufakela ngumbhali owaziwayo uNapoleon Hill othiwa "umkhuba wokulondoloza". Ngokuzenza uziphathe ngendlela yakho, kwaye ubeka ingqalelo kwiimeko zakho zezimali, unokususa ezininzi iinkxalabo ngelixa ukwakha iqoqo lakho lezinto ezintle ngokukhawuleza.
6. Ukuvumela iNtengiso yeCandelo loTyalo-mali kwiNgxowa-mali engaphezulu kwekhulu leminyaka
Kuye kwathiwa ukuba ixesha lihlobo lomsebenzi obalulekileyo. Xa usenexesha elide uphethe impahla efanelekileyo, inzala engakumbi ingasebenzisa umlingo wayo. Ixabiso lexesha leemali likhawuleza kwaye iziphumo ziba yindlala. Kungcono, ukuqhubela phambili ngokuhamba ngexesha, i-crazier iziphumo zifumana. Cinga ukuba enye ibhilidi e-$ 100 ehlanganiswe iminyaka engama-30 kwi-10% ngonyaka iya kukhula i-$ 1,745. Kwiminyaka engama-40, bekuya kuba neentyantyambo ezingama-4,526. Yongeza enye iminyaka ekupheleni, ithathe iminyaka engama-50, kwaye ngokukhawuleza, loo ntlawulo ye-$ 100 iyakhula i-$ 11,739. Yenze iminyaka engama-60 kwaye ufumane i-$ 30,448. Beka enye indlela, umtyalomali obanjelwe iminyaka engama-60 uza kuba nama-61% ebutyebi bakhe ekuqokeleleni kwimizuzu eyi-10 yokugqibela, eyayimele i-16.7% kuphela yexesha lokubamba.
Kwinqanaba elithile, kukho inxalenye yenhlanzana echaphazelekayo apha. Into enokuyenza enokubaluleka kwemali yakho yi-1.) qalisa ukuhlanganiswa kwangaphambili, 2.) sebenzisa iindawo zokuhlala zentela ngenzuzo, kwaye 3. uhlala ixesha elide, elide. Ukwahlukana phakathi komntu ofa ngo-65 no-95 ukhulu kakhulu. Iminyaka engama-30 ngaphezulu kwexesha lokuphila elivelisayo, elibangela ukuba inani leepotfoliyo lifike kwiindawo ezithatha indawo ezimbini. Ukuzinyamekela, ukukhawulela iikhalori ukwenzela ukuba ungagqithisi, usebenzise rhoqo, utyelele ugqirha ubuncinane ukuhlolwa kwonyaka, ukunyamekela amazinyo akho, ukulala kwishedyuli yokuziphatha, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo ebomini bakho ... ngaphandle kokubangela ukuba ukuvuya ngakumbi kwaye uzive ungcono, ezi ziphakathi kwemisebenzi ebalulekileyo kwi-ajenda yakho ukuba ufuna ukuba ngumtyalomali omkhulu.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi malunga namandla okuhlanganisa, funda i- Pay Pay for Retirement kunye neNdebe yeKhafi kunye ne-Egg McMuffin . Ngamaxabiso amancinci kuphela, ixesha liyakwazi ukuguqulela iifizi ezincinci kwiindawo zobuncwane.
Iingcamango Zokugqibela Ekuphakanyiseni I-Best Scheme ye-Anne Scheiber
Into enhle malunga no-Anne Scheibers yehlabathi kukuba akuzona zonke eziyingqayizivele, ubuncinane kungekho eUnited States. Ayithathi i-IQ ye-level-level, intsapho ecebileyo, okanye inqabileyo enqabileyo yokwakha amanqanaba angqongqo, ubuninzi bezobutyebi ezingatshintsha ubomi bakho. Endaweni yoko, malunga nokufumana izandla zakho kwiimpahla ezivelisayo - ubunikazi bunzima kwiifemu ezikhupha imali ethe xaxa kuwe - kwaye zivumela ukuba zenze into yazo. Ngokuphathelele ukulungiswa kwemicimbi yakho yezezimali ngokukodwa ukwenzela ukuba inhlekelele enye okanye ukuhlaselwa kwemakethe ye-stocks ayikwazi ukukulimaza kungakhathaliseki ukuba ibukeka bubi kangakanani kumaphepha. Ngokuphathelele ukuchonga ingozi kunye nokunciphisa njengoko unako.
Ngamanye amazwi, ayifuni ukuphakanyiswa okukhulu. Endaweni yoko, udibanisa amandla emvelo; into ehambelana nayo yonke indawo kwaye izuza kuyo. Abatyalomali benza kube nzima kunokuba kunjalo.