Ukuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeNgxelo kwiNkcazo yeNgeniso
Kwiimeko ezininzi, impumelelo eqhubekayo idinga ukuziqonda zombini.
I- Top kunye neNtshonalanga yeeLayibhile Khangela kwiiNqaku zeMpahla kwiNkcazo yeNgeniso
Ukuba ufunda isifundo samanyathelo ngesinyathelo ekufundiseni ukuba uhlalutye ingxelo engeniso , ungakhumbula ukuba yonke ingxelo yeNgeniso, okanye iNzuzo kunye nokulahleka okanye i-P & L njengamanye amaxesha ayaziwa, iyaphuka ibe ngamacandelo. Kuphezulu, uqala ngeentengiso okanye imali engenayo , ngokuqhelekileyo ibhekisela kwimali inkampani eyenziwa ngokubonelela ngempahla okanye iinkonzo kubaxhasi bayo. Njengoko uqhubeka uqhubeka phantsi kwitetimenti engenayo, iimali ezahlukeneyo zithathwa okanye, kwezinye iimeko, zongezwa, ukubonisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeendleko okanye ingeniso. Ekugqibeleni ufika ngasezantsi, apho ufumana umntu owaziwayo njengemali engenayo esebenzayo kwizabelo eziqhelekileyo , enenzuzo abagcini-zimpahla abanelungelo lokuzonwabisa emva kokuxhasa izinto ezifana neendleko, iindleko zenzalo, irhafu, izitoli ezincinci, njl. eso sibalo esetyenzisiweyo ukubala into eyaziwa njengeyiseko kunye negalelo elihlawulelwayo ngesabelo ngasinye .
Xa uva umntu ebhekisela "kumgca ophezulu", bahlala bebhekiselele ekuthengiseni okanye ekuthengiseni okuthe ngqo (okokugqibela kuthengiswa izinto ezithile). Ukuba unayo i-franchise yaseCinnabon, umzekelo, umgca ophezulu uza kuba yimalini imali oyifake kuyo ngokuthengisa ii-cinnamon rolls kunye neenkompo zekhofi. Ukuba uva umntu ebhekisela "kumgca wezantsi", bahlala bebhekiselele kwingeniso yemali esebenzayo kwizabelo eziqhelekileyo, leyo yinzuzo yentlawulo emva kwentela (nangona abanye abanikazi bezentengiso bayeza kusebenzisa "umgca" yerhafu yokusebenza yerhafu ngoko kuya kufuneka ucacise umongo).
Ngaphandle koko, kukho ezinye iinjongo kunye nenzuzo yokufumana inzuzo okufanele ukwazi. Xa isigqeba, umhlalutyi, umtyalomali, okanye umnini-shishini uthetha ngeenzuzo, unokubhekisela kwenye yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zentlalo:
- Inzuzo eyinzuzo - Inzuzo eninzi ibhekiselele kwingeniso yemali engenayo ixabiso lentengiso . Ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nenzuzo enkulu apha .
- Inzuzo yokuSebenza - Inzuzo yokusebenza ibhekisela kwingeniso engaphambili yentela yenkampani evela kumsebenzi osebenza kuyo. Oku kubalwa ngokuthatha inzuzo epheleleyo kunye nokuxhasa izinto eziwela kwicandelo eyaziwa ngokuthengisa, jikelele, kunye neendleko zolawulo . Unokufunda ngokubanzi ngenzuzo yokusebenza apha .
- Inzuzo engenayo- Le yintlawulo engezantsi emva kokuba zonke iindleko, irhafu, inzala kunye nezinye iindleko zihlawulwe, ukuhla kwexabiso liqikelelwa, kwaye iincwadi zivaliwe. Unokufunda ngokubanzi ngenzuzo ngenetha apha .
Ukongezelela, xa umntu ebhekisela kwingeniso enkulu, inzuzo yokusebenza okanye inzuzo enenzuzo, unokubhekisela kwisibalo esichazwe ngemali enikwe (umzekelo, "Umgca wonyaka? Senze iR $ 1.2 yezigidi kwinzuzo.") okanye bangabhekisela kwisilinganiselo semali esithintekayo esibizwa ngokuba ngumyinge wenzuzo.
Ngokukodwa, bangabhekisela kumgama osemgangathweni wenzuzo, umda wokusebenza ngenzuzo, okanye i-margin profit margin (ngamnye uya kukuxelela indlela iintlobo ezahlukileyo zentlawulo xa kuthelekiswa nemali engenayo).
Sebenzisa Amanani oNcedo kunye neNzuzo yeMargin ekuSebenziseni uVavanyo loHlolo oluSiseko
Emva kokuba uqikelele umgca ophezulu kunye namanani angaphantsi, ungaya kwesinye inyathelo kwaye usebenzise kuzo ukwenza ezinye iinkalo eziphambili kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo. Ngaphambili namhlanje, ndihlaziye inqaku elidala elibizwa ngokuthi nguPeter Lynch's Secret Formula yokuBaluleka kokuKhula kweStock , okwaphula iintlobo ezintathu zokulinganisela ezahlukileyo umntu angasebenzisa ukuzama ukuthelekisa nendlela enye "inkcitho" enye inkampani enye, ubuncinane ngowokuqala -siseko.
Iimitha ezintathu ezibandakanyiweyo kwinqaku li- ratio ye - p / e , ekuxelela ukuba kubiza inkampani inxulumene nengeniso yayo yomnatha, umlinganiselo we-PEG , ozama ukulungelelanisa umlinganiselo we-p / e wokukhula kwiingeniso eziphantsi, kunye Umlinganiselo we-PEG olungelelaniso-mali , ohamba phambili kwisigqeba esingaphezulu kunjalo kwaye uzama ukungabikho kuphela ukukhula, kodwa inzuzo yengeniso (inikwe indima yayo ekuveliseni ukubuya okupheleleyo ).
Qaphela uhlobo oluthile lwe "Inzuzo" eyaziwayo njenge-EBITDA
I-EBITDA imele i- earnings ngaphambi komdla, irhafu, ukuhlaziywa kunye nokuhlaziywa kwemali . Ngokwenene, yimalini yemali eyayingenziwa xa inkampani ingazange ihlawulise iintlawulo zerhafu, irhafu, ukuhlaziywa kunye nokuhlaziywa kwemali. Okwangoku ufanele uzibuze, "Ungayigatya njani loo ndleko? Baqhubeka bekhona nangona uzenza ngathi!"
Ngokuchanekileyo. Kuyafana nokuzenza ngathi umdla owuhlawula kumakhadi wakho eemboleko, irhafu yakho yentlawulo, kunye nokuhla kwexabiso kwimoto yakho akuyiziindleko zangempela kuwe. Ngokuya kumgangatho we-EBITDA, abakho. Ukuba awukwazi ukuxelela, nangona uya kuva ezininzi zeengcali ezithetha ngale nombolo, yenye yezona zinto ezingenanto, ezikhohlisayo nezingenanto ezingenakunceda. Uninzi lwabatyalomali luyakulungiswa ngokuhlawula ngokupheleleyo.
Izinto Zokugcina Ingqondo Ngomxholo Ophezulu kunye Nenhla Yenzuzo
Ingaba ungumtyalo-mali, umphathi, umnini-mboleko, okanye umnini-shishini, kukho iminyango embalwa efunekayo ukuba uyikhumbule malunga nomgca ophezulu kunye namanani angaphantsi.
Okokuqala, kunokwenzeka ukuba ishishini likhulise umgca ophezulu (ukuthengiswa) ngelixa kuhla umgca ophantsi (umvuzo omvuzo). Hayi konke ukuthengisa kunenzuzo. Kukho iinkampani eziye zaphuka ngenxa yokuthengisa kwabo kwanda ngokukhawuleza.
Okwesibini, kunokwenzeka ukuba ishishini linciphise umgca ophezulu (ukuthengiswa) ngelixa ukwandisa umgca (umvuzo osemnatha). Ngokuchithwa kweendleko, ukuzenzekelayo, kunye neenguqu zenkqubela kwishishini, iifemu ezithile ziye zakwazi ukunika imali kwimigangatho kunye namashishini ekunciphiseni, okwenza abanini-zimpahla zabo batyebi.
Okwesithathu, khumbula ukuba, ngokuqhelekileyo, imeko efanelekileyo yinto apho umgca ophezulu kunye nomgca ophezulu ukhula ngezantsi. Nangona kunjalo, amaninzi amashishini anento eyaziwayo njengendlela yokusebenza eyakhiweyo kubo. Ndathetha malunga nale nto xa ndakufundisa malunga nento eyaziwa ngokuba ngumyinge wokuba nomdla , kodwa, ngokwenene, kukho iqondo elithile leendleko ezichanekileyo kwishishini-irente, ukuhlawula abasebenzi, ukugcina izibane kunye namanzi esebenza - badla inzuzo eninzi ngaphantsi komgca othile ophezulu. Emva kokuba le nto iwele, ipesenteji enkulu yeevenkile ezongezelelweyo ngaphezu kokuba umgca wumlingo uhla ngqo ngqo. Lezo zentengiso ezithengiswayo, ngamanye amazwi, zinenzuzo kakhulu. Umtyalo-mali okhaliphile unokukwenza imali eninzi ithengise ishishini elibi elithetha ukuguquka , ekubambeni ukunyusa ukuba ukwanda kwe [x]% kumgca ophezulu kungabangela ukwanda kwe- [10x]% kwizantsi umgca.