3 Iipotfoliyo zeeSampula zoTyalo-mali lwaMazwe ngamazwe
Kule nqaku, siza kujonga umzekelo othile weefowunifo ezibandakanya ii-ETFs ezisemgangathweni ngokusekelwe kumanani kunye neenjongo zomntu-mali.
Abatyalo-mali abaselula: Kuze kube ngu-35
Abacebisi abaninzi bezezimali bancomela ukuba abatshali-mali abatsha banomngcipheko omkhulu kwiiposfoliyo zabo kuba benethuba elide. Nangona utyalo-mali obuthakathaka - njengamashishini-unokufumana ithuba elifutshane lokutshatyalaliswa kwexesha elifutshane, bathambekele ekugqibeleni ukutshala imali engapheliyo - njengamatyathiso - kwixesha elide. Abatshali-mali abatsha abangacwangcisi ukuthengisa kumaxesha eminyaka amaninzi ngokugqithiseleyo bahamba kunye neeklasi zokutyalomali ezikhuselekileyo ngenxa yezi zizathu.
Xa kuziwa kutyalo-mali lwamazwe ngamazwe, utyalo-mali olunobungozi lubandakanya ukuthengiswa kwemarike ephumayo kunye nokulingana kwamashishini nakwiimimandla. Amazwe awela kula manqaku akhula ngokukhula ngokukhawuleza kumazwe aphuhlisiwe, kodwa unokufumana ithuba elifutshane lokutshatyalaliswa kwexesha elifutshane kwingozi engqongileyo yezopolitiko, ingozi yemali kunye nezinye izinto.
Abatshali-mali abatsha banokuzuza kule mizamo ngokunyusa ukwabiwa kwezi klasi zeefa.
Umzekelo umfoliyo-mali omtsha unokufaka:
| ETF | I klasi | Ulwabiwo |
| I-Vanguard Iyonke I-Stock Market ETF (VTI) | Amanani aseMelika | 40 Ipesenti |
| I-Vanguard i-FTSE eyenziweyo iMakethe ye-ETF (VEA) | Amazwe ngamazwe | 40 Ipesenti |
| I-Vanguard FTSE iMakethe yeMerging ETF (VWO) | Iimpawu zeMarike eziPhakamileyo | 10 Ipesenti |
| I-iShares i-Market Incerging Bond ETF (EMB) | Iimali zeMarike eziPhakamileyo | 10 Ipesenti |
AbaPhakathi beeMali-mali: 35 - 65
Abafaki-zimali bexesha eliphakathi kufuneka bajolise kwibhalansi phakathi kokukhula kunye nenzuzo. Ngelixa besenalo ixesha lokukhwela ukungabi nantoni, iinjongo ziqala ukutshintsha ukusuka kwimali eyinzuzo ukuya kulondolozo lwemali njengendlela yokuthatha umhlalaphantsi. Izibondlo kunye nezinye izityalo-mali ezingenakunceda zibonelela ngokuqinisekileyo, ngelixa i-dividend ye-blue-chip kunye ne- stock stocks zifanelekile ukunciphisa umngcipheko kunye nokungazamiyo kwinqanaba le-equity portfolio.
Kwimeko yokutyalomali-mali lwamazwe ngamazwe, abatyala-mali bexesha eliphakathi banokufuna ukucutha ukunciphisa ukunyuka kweemarike ezikhulayo kunye nakwiimimandla kunye nokunyuka kweemarike eziphuhlisiweyo. Bangaphinda bafune ukuqwalasela ukuveliswa kwebhondi yamazwe ngamazwe njengendlela yokwehluka kweengozi ezingenakunyuswa kwi-United States. Ezi ndlela zenza ukuba kubekho ukunyanzeliswa kweepotfoliyo ephantsi kunye neengeniso ezihlala zikhangeleka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Umzekelo umgangatho wepalfoliyo wexesha eliphakathi ungabandakanya:
| ETF | I klasi | Ulwabiwo |
| I-Vanguard Iyonke I-Stock Market ETF (VTI) | Amanani aseMelika | 45 Ipesenti |
| I-Vanguard i-FTSE eyenziweyo iMakethe ye-ETF (VEA) | Amazwe ngamazwe | 15 Ipesenti |
| I-Vanguard US I-Total Bond ETF (BND) | Bonds zase-US | 25 Ipesenti |
| I-Vanguard Iyonke i-International Bond Bond ETF (BNDX) | Bond International | 15 Ipesenti |
Abatyalomali abahlala phantsi: 65 nangaphezulu
Abatyalomali basemhlala-phantsi bavame ukubeka phambili ukutyalwa kweengeniso eziphantsi kweengeniso ezinikezelwa ixesha elifutshane. Ngeli xesha, injongo yokutshala imali itshintshe kwi-capital gain ukuya kulondolozo lwentengo kuba injongo kukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho imali eyaneleyo yokuhlangabezana neemfuno zomhlalaphantsi. Iibhondi yindlela eyaziwayo kakhulu ekufezekiseni ezi njongo kuba ziqhelana zingaphantsi kwaye zibonelela ngenzuzo engapheliyo yengeniso ngaphezu kwexesha.
Xa utyalo-mali kumazwe ngamazwe, abatyali-mali basemhlala-phantsi bangafuna ukuqwalasela ukuxhomekeka kwintengo-mali engenayo yangaphandle. Ezi mali-mali ziyakwazi ukuhlukahluka kwimiba yengozi e-United States, nangona kubalulekile ukuqwalasela nayiphi na ingozi yemali yangaphandle. Abatyalomali badinga iidola ezingama-US ngexesha lokuthatha umhlalaphantsi - ngaphandle kokuba baphile phesheya-oko kuthetha ukuba ukuguqulwa kwemali kunokuba kubiza ukuba iimali zelizwe langaphandle zinciphisa idoli.
Umzekelo umgangatho wepalfoliyo wexesha eliphakathi ungabandakanya:
| ETF | I klasi | Ulwabiwo |
| I-Vanguard US I-Total Bond Market Market kunye ne-ETF (BND) | Bonds zase-US | 80 pesenti |
| I-Vanguard Iyonke i-International Bond Bond ETF (BNDX) | Bond International | 20 Ipesenti |
Iingqalelo ezibalulekileyo
Akukho mvumelwano esamkelekileyo kwihlabathi jikelele malunga nemali yezohlukeneyo ezizweni ezifanelekileyo kwiipotifoliyo yomhlalaphantsi. Abanye abacebisi ngezezimali bangabonakala manani kula maphuthifoliyo esampula njengento evezwe ngaphezulu kwii-asethi zamazwe ngamazwe, ngelixa abanye bebabona njengezinga elifanelekileyo lokudibanisa. Abatyalomali kufuneka bahlole ngenyameko imeko yabo kunye nentuthuzelo yehlabathi kunye nokutyalomali kwehlabathi phambi kokuba benze izigqibo.
Ngaphantsi
Uninzi lwabatyalomali bayazi ngeenzuzo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, kodwa kunokuba nzima ukubeka le mfundiso. Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba ii-ETF zamazwe ngamazwe zenza kube lula kunanini ngaphambili ukwakha iipotifoliyo ezihlukeneyo emhlabeni jikelele. Ngemizekelo kweli nqaku, abatyali-mali bangayifumana ingcamango yoluphi uhlobo lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo lwelizwe olufana noluntu lwabantu abahlukeneyo.
Eli nqaku lizinjongo zolwazi kuphela. Akukho nto kule nqaku ifanele ithathwe njengengcebiso-mali. Nceda uqhagamshelane nomcebisi wezezimali ukuze uncede ukuphuhlisa iphothifoliyo efanelekileyo kwiimeko zakho.