Funda ngeendlela ezimbini zeengozi ezichaphazela ukutshala imali kweBond yakho
Umngcipheko weNzala
Umngcipheko wentsingiselo yentsingiselo yintlupheko yesikhonkco okanye i-aseset yengeniso engenangeniso yokuhamba kwimilinganiselo yemigangatho.
Iibhonki ezinomyinge ophezulu wezinga lentengo zithatha ukwenza kakuhle xa amaxabiso awela, kodwa aya kufakwa phantsi xa amazinga enzala ekhulayo. (Gcina ingqalelo, ixabiso lamabhondi kunye nezivuno zihamba ngendlela echaseneyo ). Ngenxa yoko, izitheno ezinokubaluleka kwemilinganiselo zivame ukwenza okulungileyo xa uqoqosho luyehlisa, ekubeni ukukhula okucothayo kunokukhokelela ekuhlaleni kwamaxabiso.
Ingozi yeNgxowa-mali
Ingozi yesikweletu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ulwalamano lwentsebenziswano lokungagqibekanga , okanye ithuba lokuba inxalenye yinqununu kunye nenzala ayiyi kuhlawulwa kubatyalomali. Izibophelelo zomntu kunye neengozi enkulu zemboleko ziyakwenza kakuhle xa amandla abo ophantsi kwezezimali ephucula, kodwa eyancipha xa iimali zabo zinciphisa. Zonke iiklasi ze-asethi zinakho ukufumana ingozi enkulu yemboleko; Ezi zinto zivame ukwenza kakuhle xa uqoqosho luqinisa kwaye lungaphantsi xa lucotha.
Ukukhangela Ingozi ngeCandelo leMpahla yeBond
Nangona ezinye iindawo zithinteka kakhulu kwiirhafu zemali - njengezoNondyebo zaseMelika , iziThumo zeMali-mali eziKhuselekileyo (i-TIPS), izibambiso ezixhaswe ngemali kunye neebhanki eziphezulu kunye nezoomasipala - abanye, njengezibophelelo eziphezulu zokuthengisa, ityala elikhulayo , elithe umyinge wee-bonds , kunye neebhondi zikamasipala kamgangatho ophantsi, zithintela ingozi yemboleko.
Ukuqonda lo mmahluko kubaluleke kakhulu ekufezeni ulwahlulo olusebenzayo kwiphothifoliyo yakho.
Amashishini ase-US kunye ne-TIPS
Iibhondi zikaRhulumente zibhekwa ukuba zikhululekile ukuba zingabikho nengozi yemboleko kuba urhulumente waseUnited States uhlala ekhuselekileyo kwi-planethi. Ngenxa yoko, ukunciphisa ngokukhawuleza ekukhuleni okanye ubunzima bezoqoqosho akuyi kubuhlungu ukusebenza kwabo.
Enyanisweni, ubunzima bezoqoqosho bunokukunceda njengoko ukungaqiniseki kwemarike kuqhuba ababolekisi bebhanki kwiibhondi eziphezulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Nondyebo kunye ne-TIPS ziyakhathalela kakhulu ukukhula kwamaxabiso. Xa i-Fed ikulindeleke ukuba iphakanyise amaxabiso , okanye xa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kukuxhalabisa abatyala-mali, izivuno kwiiNondyebo kunye ne-TIPS ziza kuphakama (njengoko amanani abo awela). Kule meko, izibophelelo zexesha elide ziza kwenza okubi kakhulu kunabo abakufutshane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iimpawu zokukhula okucothayo okanye ukwehla kwamanani emali konke okulungileyo kumabhonkco karhulumente angabonakaliyo, ngokukodwa ukunyanzelana kwexesha elide.
Iimali ezixhaswe nguMboleko
Ukubambisa izibambiso ( Mortgage-backed securities) (MBS) nazo ziba neengozi eziphantsi kweentengo zemboleko, kuba amaninzi axhaswa yi-arhente karhulumente okanye athengiswa ngamachibi apho umntu angaphumi komthelela omkhulu kwikhuseleko. I-MBS, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyancipha kakhulu kwizinga lentengo. Iklasi ye-asethi inokulimaza ngeendlela ezimbini: ngokunyuka okuthe kratya kwamaxabiso, okubangela ukuba amaxabiso awele, kunye nokunciphisa ukuhla kwamanani, okubangela ukuba abanini bezindlu bahlaziye iimali zabo zokuhlala, okukhokelela ekubuyiselweni kwinqununu (oko kufuneka kuhlaziywa kwizinga eliphantsi) kunye nomvuno ophantsi kunokuba abatyali-mali babelindele (kuba akukho nzala ehlawulwa kwiinqununu ezihlala phantsi).
I-MBS, ngoko, ithambekele ekusebenzeni kakuhle xa amaxabiso azinzileyo.
Izibonelelo zeMasipala
Azikho zonke iibhondi zikamasipala ezidalwe ngokufanayo. Iklasi ye-asethi yikhaya kubo bobabini abaphezulu, abakhuphayo nabakhupheli bezantsi, abakhupheli bezingozi. Iibhonkceshi ekupheleni komgangatho wezinga eliphezulu zeembonakalo zibonakala zingenakwenzeka ukuba zenzeke; Ngoko ke, umngcipheko wezinga lentengo ngowona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwabo. Njengoko uhambela ekupheleni komngcipheko ophezulu, umngcipheko wekhredithi uba ngumba oyintloko, kwaye umngcipheko wezinga lentengo unempembelelo encinci.
Ngokomzekelo, ubunzima bezezimali ngo-2008 - obuletheke ngokukodwa kunye nokwesaba kokunyuka kwezinto ezingabonakaliyo kwiibhondi eziphantsi kohlobo lwezo zonke iintlobo-kwakhokelela ekusebenzeni kakubi kakhulu kumgangatho ophantsi, ophezulu wokunikezelwa kwemali, kunye nemali eninzi etyalomali indawo ilahlekelwa ngaphezu kwe-20% yexabiso layo.
Ngexesha elifanayo, i -fund-exchangeed fund ye- iShares S & P yesizwe se-AMT-Free Muni Bond Fund (i-ticker: MUB), ebeka imali kwi-securities ephezulu, iphelile ngonyaka ngokubuyisela okuhle kwe-1.16%. Ngokwahlukileyo, ezininzi iimali eziphantsi kweemveliso zavelisa ubuyekelelo kwi-25-30% kwibanga ekubuyiseni okwenzeka kunyaka olandelayo, ekugqibeleni ukuhlawulela ukubuyela kwe-6.4% ye-MUB.
U kuthatha? Udidi lwebhondi kamasipala okanye i-fund oyikhethayo inokuchaphazela enkulu uhlobo lomngcipheko owenzayo, kunye neentlawulo onokuzilindela phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo.
Bonds Corporate
Iibhondi zentsebenzo zibonisa i-hybrid yenqanaba lomdla kunye neengozi zemboleko. Ekubeni izibophelelo zenkampani zithengwa " kwintsebenzo yokusabalalisa " ngokubhekiselele kwiNgcaciso - okanye ngamanye amazwi, ukuxhamla kwemveliso enikezelayo ngokumalunga neebhanki zikaRhulumente - ukunyuka kwintlawulo yeekhonkco zika rhu lumente kunempembelelo ngqo kwiintlobo zemicimbi yenkampani. Ngexesha elifanayo, iinkampani zibonwa zizinzile ngokwezemali kunokuba urhulumente wase-United States, ngoko ke banokuthatha ingozi yemboleko .
Amaziko aphakamileyo aphezulu, anikezelayo athambekele ekunciphiseni ubukhulu becala ngenxa yokuba isivuno sabo sisondele kwiintengo zeNondyebo kwaye ngenxa yokuba zibonakala zingenakwenzeka ukuba zenzeke. Amashishini angaphantsi, aphakamileyo anikezelekile ukuba athathwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye athathele ingozi kwikhredithi ngenxa yokuba isivuno sabo sisekude kwiintlawulo zeNondyebo nangenxa yokuba zibonakala zingenakwenzeka.
Iimali eziPhakamileyo
Inkxalabo enkulu kunazo zonke izibophelelo zokhuseleko oluphezulu (ngokubhekiselele kuthiwa "izibopho ezingenanto") ngumngcipheko wemboleko. Iindidi zeenkampani ezikhupha izibophelelo eziphezulu zivunyiweyo, ziinkampani ezincinci okanye iinkampani ezinkulu ezinokubandezeleka kwemali. Akunjalo nakwiindawo eziqinileyo zokunyamezela ukukhula kwezoqoqosho ngokukhawuleza, ukubophelelana kwezivuno eziphakamileyo zivame ukuguga xa abatyali-mali bekhula bengathembekanga ngombono wokukhula.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, utshintsho kwimilinganiselo yemigangatho yemigangatho ibe nefuthe eliphantsi kwintsebenzo ephezulu yezibophelelo. Isizathu salo sichanekileyo: ngelixa i-bond evumela u-3% iyona ingqalelo kwiinguqu kwi-10 yeminyaka ye-US Treasury isivuno esiphuma kwi-2% ukuya kwi-2.3%-oko kuthetha ukuba isivuno sisasazeka ukusuka kwi-1.0 amaphesenti amaphuzu ukuya kuma-0.7 amaphesenti Ukwahlukana akuncinci kwi-bond ehlawula i-9%. Kule meko, ukusasazeka kuya kuhamba kakhulu kwipesenti: mhlawumbi ukususela kwi-7.0 yepesenti kuya kwi-6.7.
Ngaloo ndlela, izibophelelo eziphezulu zokutya-ngelixa zingengozi-zinganikeza into yokudibanisa xa idibene neebhondi zikaRhulumente. Ngokwahlukileyo, ababoneleli ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinxulumene nezitokisi.
Iimali zeMarike eziPhakamileyo
Njengama-bond-high-yield bonds, izibopheko zoshishino ezikhulayo zithinteka kakhulu kwiingcipheko zemboleko kunomdla wengozi. Nangona ukunyuka kwamazinga eUnited States okanye uqoqosho oluphuhlisayo ngokuqhelekileyo aluyi kuba nefuthe elincinci kwiimarike ezikhulayo, ukukhathazeka ngokukhawuleza ukukhula okanye ukuphazamiseka koqoqosho lwehlabathi kungabangela impembelelo enkulu kumatyala athengayo.
Ngaphantsi
Ukudibanisa ngokufanelekileyo, abatyali-mali kufuneka baqonde ingozi yeentlobo zeebhondi abazibambayo. Nangona iimarike ezikhulayo kunye nezibophelelo eziphezulu ezivelisa izivuno zingenza idibanti ye-bond yolondolozo, iyasebenza kakhulu xa isetyenziswa ukudibanisa iipotifoliyo kunye ne-investments enkulu kwiimpahla. Ngomgca ofanayo, ukubambezeleka kwezinga-ntengo kuyiluncedo ekujonganeni nemingcipheko yemarike yempahla, kodwa baya kubakhokhela abatyali-mali ngelahleko xa ixabiso likhuphuka.
Qinisekisa ukuqonda iingozi ezithile - kunye nabaqhubi bemisebenzi - kwicandelo ngalinye lemarike ngaphambi kokwakha iphothifoliyo.