Abanini-mali, kwakhona, bathenga izibophelelo zenkampani kuba zibonelela ngokukhupha okuphezulu kunokuba zikhona kwimibandela karhulumente.
Izibophelelo zentsebenziswano zenze phakathi kwe-18 no-20% yemarike yebhanki e-US kwiminyaka edlulileyo, kodwa ezininzi iimali ezilawulwa ngokuzimeleyo zinezixhobo eziphezulu kakhulu kwiimeko eziphantsi kwee -bond bonds.
Iimpawu zeeNkampani zexabiso
Abathengi bavame ukuvavanya izibophelelo zenkampani ngokujonga i-intle-mboleko yabo, okanye " ukuvelisa isivuno ," ngokumalunga nobutyebi be-US . Iimali ezinkulu zemali kwiimakhishithi zabo-cinga iMicrosoft, Exxon, njl. -nokuthi zibonelele ngokubakho izibophelelo kunye nezivuno ezincinci kuba abatyali-mali bathemba ukuba iinkampani aziyi kuphantsi (oko kukuthi, ulahlekelwe inzala okanye inkokhelo enqununu).
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iinkampani ezisezantsi (abo abanamatyala aphezulu okanye amashishini athengisa imithombo engenayo engenayo) kufuneka banikeze isivuno esiphezulu ukukhohlisa abatyali-mali ukuba bathenge iibhondi zabo.
Abatyalomali, nabo, benza ukhetho kunye nomlinganiselo weengozi esezantsi / isivuno esezantsi okanye umngcipheko ophezulu / isivuno esiphezulu esisekelwe kwiinjongo zabo. Ukususela ngo-1996 ukuya ku-2012, i-market-bond bark-bond bourge market yabonisa ukuba inzuzo ye-1.67 pesenti kwi-Treasury yase-US.
Abatyalomali banokukhetha kwakhona phakathi kwamabhonkco amancinci, aphakathi kunye nexesha elide .
Imiba emifutshane yesikhashana ihlawula isivuno esingaphantsi kwimbono yokuba kukho amathuba amaninzi okuba inkampani ingayiphumeli kwiminyaka emithathu (apho kukho ubungqina obuninzi) kunokuba bekuyiminyaka engama-30 (apho abatyali-mali baninzi ukungabonakali kangako kwixesha elizayo). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izibophelelo zexesha elide zinikeza izivuno eziphezulu, kodwa nazo zivame ukuba zincinci.
Abaphathi bezoTyalo-mali bafuna ukongeza ixabiso kubaxumi babo kule ngqungquthela, ukudibanisa izibophelelo zeemali ezihlukeneyo, izivuno, kunye nokulinganiswa kwemboleko ukwenzela ukufezekisa ukuhlanganiswa okusemgangathweni kwengozi nokubuyela.
Ziyingozi Njani iibhondi zeNkampani?
Izibophelelo zentsebenziswano, njengeqela, ziye zafumana iziganeko eziphantsi kakhulu ezingagqibekanga ngexesha. Izibophelelo eziphakamileyo, ngokukodwa, zinethuba eliphantsi kakhulu lokungagqibekanga. Ngethuba lokusukela ngowe-1920 ukuya ku-2009, iibhanki ezinexabiso eliphezulu le-credit-AAA - lihlelwe ngaphantsi kwe-1% yexesha. Ngenxa yoko, abatyalomali kwiibhondi ngabanye banokunciphisa umngcipheko wabo ngokugxininisa kwimicimbi ephakamileyo .
Iimali zeBond kunye neengxowa -mali ezithengiswa ngemali (ETFs) zineengcipheko ezahlukeneyo zobungozi kuba, ngokungafani nezibophelelo zabanye, akukho mhla wokukhula othe ngqo. Imiba emibini enokuchaphazela ukusebenza kweengxowa-mali zebhanki zenkampani zi:
- Izithintelo zenzalo ezithintekayo: Njengoko iibhondi zenkampani zithengwa kwi "isivuno sazo" ngokubhekiselele kuNondyebo, ukunyuka kwintsebenzo yezibophelelo karhulumente kunempembelelo ngqo kwiintlobo zemicimbi yenkampani. Ngokomzekelo, isibophelelo senkampani sivelisa enye ipesenti yeyona pesenti ngaphezu kooNondyebo, kwaye isivuno kwi-note-year-10 isuka kwi-2% ukuya kwi-3%. Isivuno kwisibophelelwano sobambiswano siya kuphakama ngepesenti enye yepesenti ukwenzela ukuba isasazeka sihlale sifana. Gcinani engqondweni, amaxabiso kunye nezivuno zihamba kwiindlela ezichaseneyo .
- Iingcamango ezipheleleyo zengcipheko: Nangona iintloko ezifanelekileyo zibeka abatshali-mali ukuba bazimisele ngakumbi ukuthatha umngcipheko wokubambisa izibophelelo zenkampani, ukuphazamiseka koqoqosho lwehlabathi kungabangela ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba bemakethi babe mngcipheko omkhulu kwaye bafune ukuba bafumane utyalo-mali olukhuselekileyo , njengoburhulumente iibhondi okanye iimali zemarike zemali .
Ukusebenza kweebhanki zeeNkampani
Ngexesha elide, izibophelelo zenkampani ziye zanikezela abatyalo-mali imali ekhangayo kwimingcipheko yomgcini. Kwiminyaka emithathu, emihlanu kunye neye-10 ubudala iphela ngomhla wama-31 ku-31, 2013, i-Barclays Corporate Investment Index Index yanikezele ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukubuyiselwa kwama-5.36%, 8.63% kunye no-5.33%. Ngelo xesha, i-market-bond market-bark-bond market - njengoko ilinganiswe yi-Barclays Uhlu lwe-US Bond Index - ibuyile 3.26%, 4.44% kunye ne-4.55%.
Indlela yokuTyala imali kwiibhanki zamaqumrhu
Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokutyalomali kwiibhondi zenkampani. Okokuqala, abatyali-mali bangathengisa izibophelelo zenkampani ngokubambisana nomthengisi. Abo bakhetha le ndlela bafanele bakwazi ukuphanda iinkampani ezisemgangathweni ukuba ziqinisekise ukuba abathengi ibhondi engozini yokungagqibekanga. Kwakhona, utyalomali kwiibhanki zecandelo ngalinye kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba iphothifoliyo yabo ihlukeneyo ngokweenkampani ezihlukeneyo, amacandelo (okt, iteknoloji, iimali, njl) kunye nezikolo.
Inketho yesibini kukutyalomali ngeemali ezixhasayo okanye imali-ntengiso eyenziwa nge-exchange (ETFs) ejolise kwiibhondi zenkampani. Nangona iimali zineengozi ezahlukeneyo zobungozi kunezibophelelo zomntu ngamnye, njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla, nazo zinenzuzo yokungafani nokuphathwa kobugcisa. Abatyalo-mali bangasebenzisa izixhobo ezifana ne-Morningstar okanye i-xtf.com ukuthelekisa imali kunye nemali-mali, ngokulandelanayo. Abatyalomali banakho ukhetho lokutyalomali kwiimali ezijolise kuphela kwiibhanki zenkampani ezikhutshwe yiinkampani kwiimarike eziphuhlisiweyo zamazwe ngamazwe kunye neemarike ezikhulayo . Nangona ezi mali zinomngcipheko ngaphezu kowabo base-United States, nazo zinakho ukufumana ukubuyela kwexesha elide.
Ngaphantsi
Ibhanki yezonxibelelwano zenkampani inika abatyali-mali imenyu epheleleyo yezinketho ngokufumana umngcipheko kunye nokubuyisela ukudibanisa okuzilungeleyo. Iibhondi zentsebenziswano ke ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeefowenuli ezijoliswe ngenzuzo.