Ukucacisa umgaqo-nkqubo we-Federal Reserve oqhubhile phantsi
I-Federal Federal Policy Drives Down Rates
Isizathu sokuba abatshali-mali basemgangathweni abasemgangathweni namhlanje banomgaqo-nkqubo wezinga lomdla we-US Federal Reserve ("i-Fed"). Ekuvukeni kweengxaki zemali ngo-2008, i-Fed yaphoqelelwa ukuba iinqununu zemali ye-federal kwizinga elingu -0-0.25%. Isantya semali esondliwa ngumyinge apho ibhanki iboleka kwamanye amaziko ngobusuku.
Amazinga omiselweyo weFed kule nqanaba elisezantsi ukwenzela ukukhuthaza ukukhula nokunceda ukuhlangula inkqubo yebhanki yesizwe. Inkolelo elandelayo kule nkqubo kukuba ukukhula kwemali-mboleko kunceda ukukhuthaza umsebenzi wezoqoqosho ngokwenza kube kubi kakhulu ukuxhasa iiprojekthi, ukuthenga ikhaya, iimali-mboleko zemoto kunye nezinto ezifana. Ukunciphisa iindleko zemali-mboleko, kwakhona, kufuneka kukuncedise lolu hlobo lomsebenzi wezoqoqosho kwaye uvelise ilizwe ngaphandle kokungcungcutheka kwemva. Umgaqo-nkqubo ophantsi we-Fed unceda iibhanki zenza imali ethe xaxa ngokuzivumela ukuba zifumane umda ophezulu phakathi kwezinga ababoleke ngalo kunye nezinga ababoleka ngayo.
Oku kwakungekho nkcazo encinci ephuma kwiinkathazo zemali xa ezininzi iibhanki zazingekhoyo.
Kodwa Ingaba umgaqo-nkqubo uyasebenza?
Uninzi lwezikhalazo malunga nalo mgaqo-nkqubo, obizwa ngokuthi "ukunciphisa ukulingana," ngabaphathi bepolitiki. Phakathi kwabaxhasi abahloniphekileyo bomgaqo-nkqubo bezoqoqosho zeNobel-prize-winning winners.
Nangona kunjalo, abanye bayangabaza ukuphumelela komgaqo-nkqubo. Izifundo ezimbini ezizimeleyo zakutshanje - enye yemigaqo-nkqubo yokunciphisa ngokwemfuneko ngokuqhelekileyo, enye inobuthakathaka obuthathakayo ngokukhawuleza ukuphulukana okunamandla e-US kwiminyaka elandelayo emva kokuphazamiseka kwe-2007 - zombini idatha ekhoyo ebonisa ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo ungaba nefuthe elibi kwi-investment . Ngamanye amazwi, umgaqo-nkqubo owenzelwe ukukhuthaza utyalo-mali ungakukhuphaza. Oku akuthethi ukuba ipolisi ayiphutha; lithetha nje ukuba ukusebenza kwalo kuhleliwe.
Kutheni Umgaqo-nkqubo wokuThuthukisa uthinta abaTyalo-mali ngabanye?
Isantya apho ibhanki ibolekisa ngokulinganisana komnye umqhubi obaluleke kakhulu kuwo onke amaxabiso enzala. Ichaphazela ukuhlawula iibhanki zamanqanaba kwi-akhawunti yokujonga kunye nokugcinwa kweefayili (i-CDs), kwaye iyakuchukumisa izinga lokubaluleka, okubangela ukuba abathengi bahlawule iimali-mboleko zasekhaya, iimali-mboleko zemoto kunye namakhadi ekwereta. Ngale ndlela, amaxabiso aphantsi ahlawula abahlanguli kodwa anceda abo bafuna ukuboleka.
Iibhondi zexesha elifutshane nazo zichaphazeleka ngqo ngenxa yendalo yemirhuba yesivuno , esiyigrafu emela isivuno esitholakalayo kwisikolo ngasinye (inyanga ezintathu, iinyanga ezintandathu, unyaka omnye, njl.). Cinga ngezinga leemali zeFed njengendawo yokuqala kwigrafu, kwicala elisezantsi lesokunxele.
Ngale nqanaba ekhonjiweyo kwi-zero, zonke iirhafu zexesha elifutshane zihanjiswa ngaphantsi kwe "curve". Yingakho izibophelelo zokulondolozwa kunye neebhankaso zeeNondyebo zinikeza isivuno esingaphantsi kwe-1%. Iifutshane zexeshana zeNondyebo zenza isiseko seemali zeemali zeemarike zexesha elifutshane, ngenxa yoko iimali zeemarike zemali zihlawula ngaphandle kwento.
Isantya semali esondliwe sinempembelelo encinci kwiibhondi zexesha elide . Kwiibhondi ezineemfuno eziyiminyaka emihlanu nangaphezulu, ukulindela kwexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso - kunye nokulindela apho ixabiso lemali elixhasayo liza kuhamba phambili - yizona eziphambili zokuqhuba ukusebenza. Kwakhona, izibophelelo zexesha elide ziyakunceda xa abatyali-mali batyhaywa kwaye batyelela " uhambo oluya kumgangatho ." Sekunjalo, isantya semali esondelene kakhulu-kunye kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo ye-Fed eyaziwa ngokuba yi -easing easing kunye ne "Operation Twist" - incedise ukukhupha izivuno kuwo onke amanani .
Ziza Kuya Kuya Kuphi Iifihla?
Nangona iingxaki zemali zase-US ngoku sele zidlulileyo, iFed igcina ipolisi yayo ephantsi ukunyamekela imeko eqhubekayo yokukhula kwezoqoqosho olucebileyo kunye nokungaqeshwa kwemisebenzi. I-Fed iye yatsho injongo yayo yokugcina amaxabiso kwi-zero ubuncinci phakathi ko-2016. Ngenxa yoko, abatyali-mali baya kuqhubeka bephethe i-Polly-rate rate-rate rate malunga nobude obungapheliyo bexesha elizayo.
Ngethamsanqa, kukho iinketho ezininzi zokufumana izivuno eziphezulu. Ngexa kunjalo, i-riskier - kunye nakwezinye iimeko, i-riskier enkulu-kunokuba i-akhawunti yebhanki okanye iibhondi zorhulumente-futshane, ezinye iiklasi ze-asethi zinokuqwalasela umvuzo ophezulu ziquka:
- Bonds Corporate
- Iimali eziPhakamileyo
- Iimali zeMarike eziPhakamileyo
- Bondable Bonds
- Amasheya ahlawulayo
- Izixhobo
- Impahla yoTyalo-mali
- UbuKhatlelane obuNcinane
Eyona nto, eqinisweni, iphakamisa inqanaba lomngcipheko. Ingaba kukho naziphi izilungelelaniso ezilungileyo kuzo, kuxhomekeke kwifilosofi yakho yokutshala imali, iminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphantsi kunye nokunyamezela ingozi.