Isantya semali esondliwayo isantya apho ibhanki ekukhokhwa kuyo iboleke kulabo abanentsikelelo.
Ingxelo yokuThuthukiswa kweeNtengo zenzala njani?
Ikomidi leSouthern Open Market (i-FOMC), ikomiti ngaphakathi kwi-Federal Reserve eyayaziwa kakhulu indima yayo "yokubeka inzala." Amagama athi "Fed" kunye ne "FOMC" asetyenziswa ngokusesikweni kwi-press yezemali. Ngokwenza oko, i-FOMC ayinako ukubeka amanani - iibhanki zixoxisana phakathi komnye ukuze zichonge izinga lokuboleka kwesikhashana. Oko iFOMC ekwenzayo imisela i-federal "rate target target " -iyayifunayo kwi-night rate yokuboleka. Ifezekisa ngoku ukulawula imali yokubonelela ngemali, leyo ifezekiswa ngokuthenga iibhondi zorhulumente (ezithintela imali kwinkqubo yebhanki) okanye ukuzithengisa (oko kuthatha imali ngaphandle kwenkqubo.
Ukubeka imali kwinkqubo yenzelwe ukuzisa amaxabiso phantsi ngelixa uthabatha imali kufuneka bavelise.
(Cinga ukubonelela kunye nemfuno: imali encinci ikhoyo, iphakamileyo "iindleko" - okanye inzala-ababolekayo baya kukulungele ukuhlawula xa kukho imali eminye, ukubonelela ngaphandle kwemfuno kunye namaxabiso ahla). Yiyo indlela i-Fed iqinisekisa ngayo ukuba isantya semali ye-federal (isantya ibhanki ithethisana phakathi kwabo) ihlala kufuphi nejoliswe kuyo.
Inkqubo yokuthenga nokuthengisa izibophezelo iyaziwa ngokuba yi-Fed "imisebenzi evulekileyo yemakethe."
I-FOMC ijolise iirhafu zenzalo ukwenzela ukufezekisa "igunya layo" okanye ukwandisa umsebenzi kunye nokunciphisa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso . Ikomiti idibanisa izihlandlo ezisibhozo ngonyaka ukwenzela ukuxubusha umgaqo-nkqubo wezinga, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha uya kubamba iintlanganiso ezikhethekileyo ukuba iimfuneko ezingavumelekanga. Xa ikomiti ifuna ukuxhasa ukukhula koqoqosho, ibeka izinga layo elijoliswe kuyo. Ukunciphisa iindleko zemali, kwiingcamango, abantu abaninzi kunye namashishini aya kuboleka ukuze aqhube iiprojekthi - njengokwakhiwa kwepropati yoshishino, okuza kwenza ukuba abantu basebenze. Xa i-FOMC ifuna ukunciphisa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, inokukwenza okuchaseneyo: ukuphakamisa amazinga omdla ukwenzela ukunciphisa ukukhula.
Ireyithi yeSigqeba seSigqeba seSigqeba sithinte njani uqoqosho?
Isantya semali esondliwa kakhulu ibaluleke kakhulu kwezoqoqosho kuloo mqathango oyintloko kwizinga lokubaluleka, okuyiyo isiseko semali-mboleko eyenziwa ngabantu abaninzi. Kwakhona kuthintela iirhafu zeebhanki ezihlawulwayo kubathengi, kwaye sisiseko sezivuno apho iibhondi zexesha elifutshane zorhwebo zorhweba kwiimarike. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isantya semali yesigqeba esiwa phantsi-okanye ukulindela ukuba iya kuwa - iyinzuzo kwiisitokhi zombini kunye noovimba be-US ngaphandle kokuba kubangelwa yintlupheko efana neyenzeka ngo-2008.
Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okunyusa ngokwemali ngokuqhelekileyo kuyingozi kwiimpahla (ngokukhula okunciphisa ukunyuka) kunye neebhondi zikaRhulumente (ngokubangela ukuba isivuno siphume - kunye nemali iyawa - kwimicimbi emfutshane , echaphazela izibophelelo zazo zonke izilwanyana ). Lo ngumgaqo oqhelekileyo, akukho nto ihlala yimeko.
Ireyiti yemali yesigqeba isisiseko esiphakamileyo sama-20%, ngo-1980, ukuya kuma-0% - 0.25%, udidi olubekwe yi-FOMC ngoDisemba, 2008.
Funda kabanzi malunga nomgaqo-nkqubo we-Fed: