Disinflation 101
I-disinflation yinto eqhelekileyo kakhulu kune-deflation. Ngexa uqala ukujonga izinga eliphantsi lokunyuka kwamaxabiso liyakubonakala lilungile-kwaye ngokwenene liqhelekileyo kulabo babopheleleneyo, kuba landisa inani labo (emva kokunyuka kwamaxabiso) abuya- oko kungenakuhlala kuyinyaniso. Kwiimeko ezininzi, izinga lokuwela kwexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso libonisa ukukhula okucothayo kunye nokungaphumeleli kwemisebenzi. Inqanaba elithile lokunyuka kwamaxabiso yintuthuko ebonakalayo ebonisa ubutyebi kwimpilo enempilo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okuqala ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwonakalisa ixabiso lemali ehambelana nempahla kunye neenkonzo, kuchukumisa abantu ukuba bachithe kunokuba basindise. Ukunyuka kweendleko zokunyuka kwamaxabiso okunyuka kwamaxabiso, okuya kuphumela ekugqibeleni ukuxhomekeka kwe- hyperinflation - imeko engathintekanga kakhulu edlalwa kunye nokuhlaselwa kweentlalo. Kwesinye seziganeko ezigqithiseleyo, i-hyperinflation ye-post ye-WWI yoqoqosho lwaseJamani ithathwa njengento ebangela ukuba amaNazi aphakame ngamandla.
Deflation 101
Xa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kuwela ngaphantsi kwe-zero, uqoqosho kuthiwa luseburhulumenteni. Kwakhona, oku kungabonakala kukuhle ekuqaleni - ukuba inqwelo epheleleyo yokutya ibiza i-$ 150 namhlanje, yintoni ephosakeleyo ngayo ibiza i-$ 140 kusasa? Ingxaki kukuba njengoko amaxabiso eempahla kunye neenkonzo ezidlulayo, ixabiso elihambelanayo lekheshi kwi- creases.
Oku kubangela abathengi ukuba bayeke ukuchitha imali, oko kukukhokelela ekubuthathaka okuqhubekayo kwezoqoqosho. Oku kungakhokelela ekubeni "ujikelezo lwe-deflationary", umjikelezo wokuzikhusela owenziwe kukukhokelela ekunciphiseni utyalo-mali kwiindawo zokuvelisa, oku kwaphumela ekungabikho kwemisebenzi engaphezulu kunye nokuqhubeka kwehla ekusebenziseni.
Enye yeempawu ezibalaseleyo zalo mjikelezo onobubi zenzeke ngexesha loKuCaluleka OkuKhulu, okwakuboniswe ukuchaswa kweefayile ezimbini kwi-nadir yayo. Ngoku kutshanje, iJapan yayinzima ukuxhatshazwa emva kokuba i-bubble yayo yaqhuma ngo-1990. Ilizwe alinakukwazi ukubuyisela imeko yokunyuka kwamaxabiso ngokuqhelekileyo, okubangela ukuba kuzalwe "i-Abenomics" ngo-2013, okanye umgaqo wokuvuselela okukhulu kunye nokushicilela imali kusebenze UNdunankulu waseJapan uShinzo Abe.
Ukukhutshwa kwe-disinflation, Deflation, kunye neMakethe yeMali
Ukuchithwa kwe-disinflation akuyona into embi kwiimarike zemali. Amasheya anako, kwaye kaninzi akwenza, enza kakuhle xa izinga lokunyuka kwamaxabiso liyancipha. Izibhanki ziyakwazi ukubuyisela ngaphezulu kwe-average-return in a disinflationary situation kuba yenza amabhanki angundoqo angenakukwazi ukuphakamisa amazinga enzala kunye nokunye okunokwenzeka ukunciphisa.
Gcinani engqondweni, ukukhutshwa kwe-disinflation kulungile xa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kuphezulu.
Ukusondela kwezinga lokunyuka kwamaxabiso kuya ku-zero, nangona kunjalo, iimarike ziya kuba nzima kakhulu nge-disinflation kuba iphakamisa i-specter ye-deflation.
Isizathu salo mmahluko kukuba ukuchaswa yimeko ewonakalisa kakhulu kwezoqoqosho kunye neemarike zezemali. Ngethuba lexesha lokuchasana, amanani emasheya ayenokukwenza kakuhle. Oku akusiyo imiphumo eqhelekileyo yokunyuka kwamaxabiso kuphela; inokuphinda ivela kwezinye iindwendwe ezihamba ngokuphambeneyo (ezifana nokunciphisa ngokwemali, ukungabikho kwemibutho yoluntu, njl.).
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izibophelelo zenza kakuhle kwixesha lokuchaswa kwezizathu ngezizathu ezihlukeneyo: ukukhula okucothayo, ukunciphisa ukulindela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso emfuyo, ipolisi ebalulekileyo yebhanki, kunye " nokuqhubela umgangatho " kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo zotyalo-mali. Ukongeza, ukuchasana kuthetha ukuba ababolekisi (oko kukuthi, abathengi bentengo) banokuhlawula ababolekisiweyo (oko kukuthi, abakhupheli bebhanki) ngenkokhelo elahlekelwe ixabiso ngeli xesha lobomi bentambo.
Ngaphantsi
Ukukhutshwa kwe-disinflation kunye nokungcola kwezilwanyana zizilwanyana ezimbini ezihlukileyo. Nangona i-disinflation ayibhubhise ngokukhawuleza nje ngokuba amanqanaba angamaxabiso athile ahlala ehle, ukuchithwa kwemali. Qiniseka ukuba ugcine lo mmahluko engqondweni xa uvala amagama amabini asetyenziswe kumajelo eendaba.