I-Fed iya kuhlala iphakamisa iiRhafu ngo-2018
I-Fed iye yaveliswa ngokuthe ngcembe kwinqanaba ukusuka ngoDisemba 2015. Leyo yenyusa izinga lokuqala ukusuka ngo-Juni 29, 2006.
Isilinganiso sasiye malunga nantoni (phakathi kwe-0 ukuya kwe-0.25 ekhulwini) ukususela ngo-Disemba 16, 2008. I-Fed yanciphise ukuba ilwa neCreat Recession .
Isantya semali esondliwa ngokukhawuleza sichaphazela ngqo amazinga omyinge wexeshana . Ezi zibandakanya izinga lokubaluleka, amanani entengo yekhadi lesikweletu, kunye namaxabiso e-akhawunti yokulondoloza. Kungenxa yoko ukunyusa izinga lemali yinto ebalulekileyo ekuchaphazela umbono wezomnotho wase - US .
Ukuxhaswa ngokungathanga ngqo kuthintela iirejista zexesha elide, njengemali- mboleko , izibophelelo zenkampani, kunye namanqaku angama-10 weNondyebo . I-Fed iya kuphakamisa loo maxabiso xa ithengisa iimpahla zayo zeNondyebo amanqaku kunye nezibophelelo . I-Fed yazuza i-$ 4 trillion kulabo ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yayo yokunciphisa .
Kutheni i-Fed iphakamisa amaxabiso ngoku
I-Fed ixhala ukubuyisela amazinga kumgangatho weepesenti ezi-2. Ifuna ukufumana uqoqosho ngaphandle komthi onobuncwane . Yilapho iintsapho kunye namashishini abamba imali ngaphandle kokuchitha imali. Ixabiso lentengo elincinci alinakukukhuthaza kakhulu ukutshala imali.
Inye indlela yokuphuma kwintambo yokuthengisa umrhumo kukunyusa izinga lentengo.
I-Fed iphinda ifune ukuphakamisa amaxabiso kuba ithetha ngayo ngoku ngaphezu konyaka. Ekuphenduleni, kwangaphambili abathengisi balindele ukuba ixabiso leli dola liphakamise. Ukuzisebenzisa ngokunjalo, bafutshane i- euro . Eyomeleza i-dollar 25 ekhulwini ngo-2014 no-2015.
I dollar eqineleyo yenzakalisa ukuthunyelwa kwezinto zangaphandle kwaye yanciphisa ukukhula koqoqosho. Kwakhona kwadala amaxabiso angeniso angaphantsi. Oku kwanciphisa ithuba lokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Ukuba abantu balindele ukuba amaxabiso ahlale efana okanye ahlahle, anokunciphisa ubuncinane ukuchitha ngoku ngoku. Bayazi ukuba kuthengwa kwabo kungahle kube neendleko kwixesha elizayo.
Lowo owayengumongameli we-Fed uJanet Yellen wachaza ngoNovemba 17, 2016, intlanganiso yeCongress that iFed ayichaphazelwa yimiphumo yesigqibo. Amalungu eBhodi eBhodi ajongene nolwazi lwezoqoqosho. Kodwa uDonald Trump wathembisa imigaqo-nkqubo yezemali eyongeziweyo . Oko kuthetha ukuba iFed iya kulandela umgaqo-nkqubo wokubambisa umgaqo- mali wokukhusela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso . Kungenxa yokuba uqoqosho lukhula ngezinga elifanelekileyo . Ukunciphisa intela kunye nokunyuswa kwemali ngo-2017 kuya kuphelisa uqoqosho, kubangele ukunyuka kwamaxabiso.
Indlela iFed Increase ngayo amaRhafu enzala
I-Fed ikhulisa ixabiso lentengo ngokuphakamisa ithagethi yezinga lokuxhaswa kwemali kwiintlanganiso zayo eziqhelekileyo zeFOMC. Le ntlawulo yesigqeba ye-Federal isetyenziselwa ukunyusa imali . Ezi ngxowa-mali ezenziwe ngamabhanki komnye nomnye ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ze- Fed . Amabhanki abeka le mivuzo ngokwayo, kungekhona i-Federal Reserve.
Ezi ntlawulo azifaneli zihluke kwizinga elijoliswe kulo. Kungenxa yokuba iibhanki ziyazi ukuba i-Fed izakusebenzisa ezinye izixhobo ukuba zicinezele ukuba zihlangabezane nayo.
Ezi zixhobo ziquka iwindi yokuphuhlisa, izinga lokunciphisa , kunye nemisebenzi yemakethe evulekileyo .
NgoSeptemba 18, 2007, i-Fed yaqalisa ukuhamba kweenyanga ezili-16 ukuya kumaxabiso aphantsi kakhulu, ukusuka kwi-5.25 iphesenti ukuya ngaphantsi kweepesenti ezi-1. Le nto yayiphendule ekuqiniseni iimakethi zeebhanki ezilethwe yi- subprime mortgage crisis .
NgoJanuwari 2010, abatyali-zimali baqala ukuzibuza "Ixesha leFed liza kuphakamisa iirhafu zenzalo kwakhona?" Ekuphenduleni, iFed yamemezela isicwangciso sayo sokuphuma, esagxininise ekuqiniseni ukunikezwa kwemali usebenzisa yonke into, kodwa ixabiso lemali elondayo. I-Fed yafuna ukugcina loo ntlawulo iphantsi kuba ichaphazela imali eguquguqukayo yemilinganiselo . Imarike yezindlu yayingakabikho. Kwakukho umbhobho weenyanga ezili-15 zokuqhawulwa kwezinto ezikhuselekileyo ezazigcina izindleko zezindlu phantsi.
Ukulwa nomnotho, i-Fed igcine isantya semali esondliwe esitshintshiyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Yandisa izinga lokunciphisa kwaye linciphisa kwezinye iiprogram. Oku kugcinwa kwezinga lokubaluleka kunye neendleko zemali-mboleko eziphantsi, zisekela imarike yezindlu kwaye igcinwe i-credit bank.
Iimali eziMali eziPhambili ziya kuhamba
Kanye xa iFed iphakamisa izinga lokuxhaswa kwemali, liza kuphakama kangakanani? I-Fed ikulindele ukuyiphakamisa kuma-2 ekhulwini ngo-2018 kunye ne-3 ekhulwini ngowama-2019. Iziganeko ze-Fed zihlala zijikeleze malunga neepesenti ezi-2 ukuya ku-2022. Kungenxa yokuba kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso akubi nakakhulu kunokuba. Kodwa kukho amanyathelo amahlanu aya kukukhusela kwizinga lokunyuka kwamazinga .
Ngokomlando, isantya semali esondliwe sihlala phakathi kwama-2-5 ekhulwini. Eyona nto iphakamileyo ewake yaba yi-20 ekhulwini ngo-1981 ukulwa nesigxina kunye nexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso eli-12,9 ekhulwini. Kwakuyimeko engavamile eyabangelwa ukulawulwa kwexabiso lomvuzo, umgaqo-mali wokuyeka umgaqo-mali, kunye nokuthatha idoli ngaphandle komgangatho wegolide .
Lowo owayengumongameli we-Federal Reserve uBen Bernanke uthe inxaxheba ebaluleke kakhulu yeFed kukugcina umthengi kunye nentembelo-mali-mali kwi-Fed yokukwazi ukulawula ukunyuka kwamaxabiso . Oko kuthetha ukuba iFed iyakwazi ukuphakamisa amaxabiso kunokunciphisa.
Ekujuleni: Ziza kuphakanyiswa nini iRhafu? | Libor | Imbali ye-LIBOR ye-Historical | Indlela iNondyebo Ekhuphayo Echaphazela ngayo Amanani Eemali Zokuthengisa | INondyebo ityala ... I-Fed Funds Futures njengeThuluzi lokuQala Umlinganiselo wexabiso lemali lase-US | Indlela i-Control Controls Rates Rates) IsiGqeba soShishino seSikhathi samanje