Iingxowa-mali zezibambiso, iimali zebhanki zenkampani, iimali zebhondi ze-US, kunye neengxowa-mali zebhanki zakwamanye amazwe, iimali zebhanki ezikhulayo, iimali zebhanki zikamasipala, iimali zebhanki zexesha elifutshane, iimali zebhanki zexesha elide, ixesha elide. iimali ezibophelelweyo, ukugcinwa kwexabiso lokunyuka kwexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso (TIPS) iimali zezibophelelo, iimali zenkxaso-mali yamacandelo amaninzi, kwaye uluhlu luqhubeka.
Kodwa esikhundleni sokuba uhluthe amaninzi okanye nakwikhulu leemali ezidibeneyo, siye sanciphisa ukhetho kuluhlu lweemali ezigqwesileyo ezigqithisiweyo kwiintlobo ezimbalwa ezahlukeneyo ezisebenza kakuhle kwininzi lwabatyala - ixesha elide abatyali-zimali abakhangela iimali eziphathekayo eziphantsi kweendleko eziphantsi.
Iibhondi zeBond Index
Iimali zekhompyutheni zingaba zigqibo ezikhethekileyo kubatyali-zimali abafuna ukukhawulela inxalenye enkulu yemarike ethile ngelixa begcina iindleko eziphantsi. Nazi ezinye ezintathu zezona nkcazo zengxelo ezilungileyo kakhulu eziya kutyalomali kwiibhondi:
- I-Vanguard Total Bond Index (VBMFX): Le ngxowa-mboleko ibamba iintlobo zeekhonkco, ezidibanisa ukudala yonke imarike yaseburhulumenteni yase-US emashishini. Ngoko xa ulungele ukwandisa iphothifoliyo yakho kunye nokulinganisela umngcipheko ngexabiso eliphantsi, i-index b bond bond, i-VBMFX yinkokhelo yakho. I-VBMFX inexabiso eliphantsi lentlawulo ye-0.16 yeepesenti kunye ne-3,000 eyi-3 000 yokuthenga ubuncinane.
- Ukunyaniseka kweBond Bond (FTBFX): Ukuba ukhangele inkcazo ecacileyo eyahlukeneyo enokubamba iintlawulo eziphezulu kuneemali ezifanayo ngexesha elide, i-FTBFX yinto ekhethekileyo. Le ngxowa-mboleko inamabhonkco angaphezu kwama-2,700, kodwa ixhomekeke ngakumbi kwi-VBMFX, ephethe amabhondi angaphezu kwe-10 000. Isiphumo, ubuncinane kwimbali, kukuba i-FTBFX inakho ukubuyisela ubukhulu obuphezulu kwimbuyekezo (oko kukuthi iminyaka eyi-10 okanye ngaphezulu) ithatha ingozi enkulu, nangona indlela ehlakaniphile. I-FTBFX inexabiso eliphantsi lentlawulo ye-0.45 yeepesenti kwaye inokutshala imali encinci ye-$ 2,500.
- I-Vanguard I-Term Bond Index (VBIIX): Le ngxowa-mali yenkcazo igxininise kwizinto ezinokuthi zichazwe kakuhle ngokuthi "indawo enothabathekileyo" yokutyalomali-mali. Izibophelelo zexesha elifutshane zinomngcipheko ophantsi onyanzeliso lwemarike, kodwa zivelisa isivuno esezantsi kunye nokubuyisa ngexesha elide. Yaye iimbophe zexesha elide zinokuvelisa izivuno ezingcono kunye nokusebenza. Baphatha umngcipheko omkhulu kwiimarike kwixesha elifutshane kunokugqithiswa kwexesha eliphakathi. Ngoko ke, nge-VBIIX, ufumana umgca omkhulu wobungozi kwaye ubuyele, yonke into enexabiso elincinci le-0.16%. Utyalo-mali obuncinane bokuqala u-3,000.
Eyona ndlela ihamba phambili 'Yiya Kuphi' iNgxowa-mali yeBond
Abatyala-mali abade bexesha elide abangenakucinga ukuthatha ingozi emarike eyongezelelweyo bangathanda ukuqwalasela ingxowa-mboleko ye-bond joint engakwazi ukuthenga nayiphi na inhlobo yentlaka kwiimarike ezahlukeneyo. Ezi zimali zesikhonkco zihlala zihlulwe njenge-"sector-sector" yeekhonkco zemali ngenxa yokuba zineentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeekhonkco, kubandakanywa izibophelelo eziphezulu ezivunayo kunye nezibophelelo zangaphandle.
- I-Loomis Sayles Bond (i-LSBRX): Imali yeBond njengeLSBRX inokuvelisa imbuyekezo efana nempahla ekuhambeni kwexesha, kodwa kuya kufuneka ulungele ukunciphisa amaninzi kwiimarike ezinzima. Ngokomzekelo, xa uqoqosho ludonsa ngo-2008, i-LSBRX yawa -22 ekhulwini. Nangona kunjalo, yaqhuma iipesenti ezingama-37 ngo-2009, xa kuqaliswa ukuhlaziywa. Kwixesha elide, imbali ibonisa ukuba umngcipheko unokufanele kwaye i-LSBRX inokubetha ngokukrakra umyinge weengxowa-mali. Umlinganiselo wendleko uqikelele kwi-0.89 pesenti xa ubona iqela lolawulo oluhlangene. Ubutyebi obuncinane bokuqala u-LSBRX ngu-$ 2,500.
- I-Pimco Income Fund I-Class D (PONDX): Ukuba ufuna izityalo eziphezulu kwaye ungacingi ukuba umngcipheko ophezulu oza kunye nayo, i-PONDX yenye yezona zibophelelo zezona zibophelelo. Le ngxowa ibhetele ngokufanelekileyo kubatyalomali abanomlinganiselo wokunyamezela ophezulu ekujonganeni nokufuna ukufumana imali engenayo ephezulu kwimali-mali. Nangona "udidi lokumkani," uBill Gross washiya i-PIMCO, inkampani awamiseleyo isinezona zivakalisi ezilungileyo kakhulu zeengxowa-mali eziphakamileyo eziphezulu kwi-universe fund. I-PONDX inexabiso elingaphantsi kwe-average ye-0.79 yepesenti kwaye ubuncinci bentengo-mali yokuqala eyi-$ 1,000.
IiNgxowa-mali eziMnandi zikaMasipala
Abatyalomali abafuna ukugcina iirhafu ubuncinci bangathanda ukuqwalasela ngokucokisekileyo iingeniso zeemali zebhanki zikamasipala, ezingahlawulwa iintlawulo zentlawulo kunye neentlawulo zorhulumente (ukuba ibhondi yebhondi ibamba izibophelelo ngaphakathi kwimeko yokuhlala yokuhlala oyintloko). Apha siza kugxininisa iimali zebhanki zikamasipala ezibambe izibophelelo ezivela kulo lonke ilizwe. Oku kuya kunceda ukwandisa iimeko ezinokubuyiselwa kwexesha elide kunye nezivuno eziphezulu.
- I-Vanguard High Yield Tax Exempt (VWAHX): Abatyalo-mali abafuna i-fund yexabiso eliphantsi kweendleko zakwa-municipal enikeza ibhalansi yokuvelisa isivuno kunye nokubuyela baya kufana noko bakubonayo kwi-VWAHX. I-VWAHX ayifuni kuphela ukufuna ukubamba izibophelelo eziphakamileyo kodwa ibuye ilandelwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngaphezu kweepesenti ezingama-95 zeengxowa-mboleko eziphezulu ezivunayo ezi-3, 5-, 10 no-15. Hlanganisa ukuba isivuno kunye nentsebenzo ngeendleko eziphantsi zeepesenti ezingama-0.2 kunye nolwabiwo-mali olusisiseko lwama-3,000, kwaye ufumana enye yeyona mali engcono kakhulu engenaxanduva lwemali yoomasipala kwi-universal fund.
- I-T. Rowe Intengo yeNtlawulo ephezulu yeNtlawulo yeNtlawulo (Free PRFHX): Kwabo batyali-mali abafuna isivuno esincinci ngaphandle kweengozi eninzi-eyongeziweyo, i-PRFHX iyona khetho oluqinileyo. Nangona le ngxowa-mali ithatha iimbophelelo eziphezulu ezivelisa i-riskier, ayikwabi kangako kulo mhlaba onyanzeliswayo ongenawo umgangatho njengengxowa-mboleko ye-bond-bond. Yaye nesimo sokungahlawulwa kwentlawulo yeebhanki zikamasipala senza le ngxowa-mali ikhangele ngakumbi kulabo abafuna isibonelelo se-tax -efficiency account. I-PRFHX inomlinganiselo ophantsi weendleko zee-0.69 zepesenti kwaye ubuncinci bokutshala imali eyi-$ 2,500.
- USAA I-Tax-Exempt Term-Term (USATX): Ukuba ufuna ukufaka isibonelelo esikhankanywe kakuhle, esilawulwa kakuhle sikamasipala kwipotifoliyo yakho, i-USATX iyimali evelele yokuqwalasela. Inkalo ebalulekileyo yale ngxowa-yeenkwenkwezi ezintlanu yiqela lezokuphatha eliye lahlala khona ukususela ngo-1990, elixesha elide kwishishini lokuxhasa imali. Eli thuba liye laphumela ekusebenzeni komgangatho ophezulu ngaphezu komyinge othelekileyo nakweminye imali kwingxowa-mali yokuxhaswa kwentlawulo. Umlinganiselo weendleko ungaphantsi kwe-average kwi-0.55 yeepesenti kwaye ubuncinane bokutshala imali ku-USATX yi-$ 3,000.
Amagama ambalwa angakumbi ngokufumana iifom zeBond best kwiWindows
Nangona lolu uluhlu lweemali ezigqithisiweyo lugqamisa ezinye zezona zinto zingcono ukuzithenga kwi-universe engenayo engenako, unako ukuphuma uphinde wenze uphando olwakho. Okanye, unokuba ufuna ukuphinda uhlolisise umgangatho wale mali kwaye wenze enye imisebenzi yasekhaya ukuze uqiniseke ukuba bafanele ukunyamezela kwakho kunye neenjongo zokutshala ixesha elide.
Xa ufuna ingxowa-mali yokugqithisa engcono kwixesha elide, unako ukungaziboni izivuno kwaye ugxininise ngakumbi kwiminyaka emi-5, eyi-10 kunye neye-15 yokubuyisela ingcamango (kungekhona isiqinisekiso) ngendlela i-fund engayenza ngayo ngaphezulu kwiminyaka elishumi okanye ezayo.
Xa ufuna ingxowa-mali engcono kakhulu yengeniso, uya kufuna ukujonga kwi- 30 Day Day Incence , ekubhekiselele ekubaleni kwemveliso esekelwe kwimihla engama-30 ephela ngomhla wokugqibela wenyanga edlulileyo. Isivuno sibonakalisa izabelo kunye nomdla owenziweyo ngexesha, emva kokuncitshiswa kweendleko zeengxowa-mali.
Enye injongo eqhelekileyo yokutyalomali kwiimali ezizibopheleleyo zihlukeneyo . Ixabiso leBond lihamba kwindlela eyahlukileyo njengamazinga enzala. Ngoko xa iBhodi yeSigqeba yeSigqeba ibonisa ukuba iya kunciphisa umyinge wezinga lomrhumo ohlawulwe kwiibhanki, amaxabiso amabhonkco ahlala ephakamileyo. Kwaye iFed iyanciphisa amaxabiso xa uqoqosho lubuthathaka.
Ngoko ke iimali zengxowa-mali ziyakwenza kakuhle xa uqoqosho kunye nemarike yemasheya engekho. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, abatyala-mali abaninzi bathanda ukufaka iimali ezibophelelweyo kwiiphothifoliyo zabo ukubonelela ngokulinganisela kunye nokuzinza xa imali yabo yesigxina ingaba ixabiso.
Iimali zeBond zivame ukuhlaselwa kumngcipheko weemarike kunokuba izitokhwe, kunye neebhondi zikwazi ukunyuka kwixabiso njengoko i-stocks iyancipha, kodwa ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kweemali zebhondi kuwusebenzisa ngokubambisana neefowuni zemali zeefotfoliyo ezahlukahlukeneyo .
I-Balance ayinikezeli irhafu, utyalo-mali, iinkonzo zemali kunye neengcebiso. Ulwazi lwenziwa ngaphandle kokuqwalasela iinjongo zotyalo-mali, ukunyamezela ngengozi okanye imeko zezimali kwanoma yimuphi umtyalo-mali othile kwaye angenakufaneleka kubo bonke abatyalo-mali. Ukusebenza kwangaphambili akubonakali kweziphumo ezizayo. Utyalo-mali luquka ubungozi kubandakanya ukulahlekelwa kwinqununu.