Ezi zi-ETF eziphezulu zingasetyenziselwa ukwakha iipotfoliyo ezipheleleyo
Ngaphambi kokuba singene kwiluhlu lwemali, makhe sihlolisise i-ETFs ukuze siqiniseke ukuba olu hlobo lotyalo-mali lufanelekile kwiimfuno zakho zokutyalomali.
I-ETF Inkcazo, i-Basics kunye nokuthelekiswa kweMigual Mutual
Nangona ungazange utyalomali kwi-ETFs, amathuba okuba uvile ngale nto inotyalo-mali. Kodwa yintoni kanye i-ETF?
I-ETF isingqamaniso esimele i-Exchange-Traded Fund. Zifana neengxowa-mali zobudlelwane ngokubodwa ukuba zizinombolo ezingabodwa ezibamba ibhasikidi yezibambiso eziphantsi. Njengemali yenkcazo, ininzi ye-ETF ilandelelisa ingqamaniso ye-benchmark, njenge- S & P 500 index , i- NASDAQ 100 okanye uRussell 2000 . Kodwa yilapho ukufana kwee- ETF kunye neemali ezihlangeneyo ziphela.
Ngokungafani neemali zentengiso, ii-ETF zithengisa emini njengezifuba, kanti ukuthengwa kweemali zentengiso ekupheleni kosuku. Oku kubonelela ngokugqithiseleyo xa ukhetha indawo yokungena, mhlawumbi usebenzise ithuba lokutshintsha kwexesha elifutshane kwixabiso. Nangona kunjalo, ii-ETF ziyakwazi ukukhetha ukukhetha utyalo-mali kubaqeshwa-mali abade bexesha elide.
Ngenxa yokulula kwabo kunye nobunzima, ii-ETF zivame ukuba neendleko eziphantsi kunemali yokubambisana. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba kuninzi kakhulu ukuthengiswa kwepotfolioliyo yezibambiso eziphantsi, ii-ETF zizinzileyo zerhafu, ezenza zibe yimpumelelo yokubambisa i-akhawunti yomrhwebi.
Ngoku ngoku ngeendlela ezisemthethweni eziphuma ngaphandle kwendlela, ushiywe ngumsebenzi wokukhetha ii-ETF ezilungileyo ukugcina kwipotfoliyo yakho.
Njengoko ngamandla okungafani kunye neengxowa-mali kunye nezinye iintlobo zotyalo-mali, kuqikelele ukubamba i-ETF enye kwiinjongo ezininzi zophuhliso.
I-ETF eziPhambili eziLandela iiNkcazo ezinkulu zeMakethe
Ukuqala uluhlu lwethu lwe-ETF ezifanelekileyo ze-ETF zokubamba naluphi na umgomo wokutyalomali okanye isitayela, siza kuqala ngeemali ezixhaswa ngokubanzi ezilandelela iindices ezihlukeneyo. Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba ezi zi-ETF zilandelelanayo isalathisi esinobungozi kumacandelo amaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, ngamnye unayo
1. I-Spider S & P 500 (SPY) : Ukuvula abatyali-mali ngo-1993, i-SPY yi-ETF yokuqala ekhoyo kwimarike. Njengoko igama layo lisikisela, SPY ulandelela ngokungathandabuli inkcazo ye-S & P 500, emele ngaphezu kwe-500 yezona zimpahla ezinkulu kwi-US, njengoko zilinganiswe ngetekethi. Oku kuthetha ukuba abanini-nxaxheba bafumana iipotifoliyo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezifana ne-Apple (AAPL), iMicrosoft (MSFT) kunye ne-Alphabet (GOOG). I-SPY inokusebenza kakuhle njengotyalo-mali oluzimeleyo kwiinjongo zokutyalomali zangexesha elide okanye njengento ebambe iqhosha kwiipotifoliyo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Abanini-mali abanokuthi baqaphele ukuba, nangona i-SPY inamakhulu ama-stocks, ukuhla kwexesha elifutshane kulindeleke kulindeleke. Umyinge weendleko ze-SPY ungama-0.0945 ekhulwini, okanye i-$ 9.45 ngonyaka ngonyaka we-$ 10,000.
Oku kwenza i-SPY ixabiso elincinci kunezona nkcukacha ezininzi ze-S & P 500.
2. iShares Russell 3000 (IWV) : Abatyalo-mali abafuna ukugqithisa ngokubanzi kunokuba banikezelo lwe-S & P 500, baya kufuna ukujonga ngokufutshane i-IWV. Le ETF ilandelelanisa inkcazo kaRussell 3000, emele amasheya angama-3 000 ase-US, amaninzi awo ayenamasheya amakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, i-IWV nayo inamasheya amancinane kunye nee-cap-cap, ezenza ukuba kube nokubambelela okwehlukeneyo kunee-index ze-S & P 500. IWV ingaba lukhethi olukhethekileyo kubatyalomali ukuqala ukutyalomali nge-ETFs. Inyaniso yokuba i-IWV iphethe iikhompyutheni ezingama-100 ithetha ukuba abatyali-mali kufuneka babe nexesha elide lexesha kunye nokunyamezela kwengxaki. Umlinganiselo weendleko ze-IWV yi-0.20 yeepesenti, okanye i-$ 20 minyaka yonke i-$ 10,000 etyalomali.
3. iShares Russell 2000 (i-IWM) : Le ETF ingaba yinto ekhethileyo yokutyalomali abatyali abafuna ukukhutshwa ngokubanzi kwiisitokisi ezincinci.
IWM ilandelelanisa inkcazo kaRussell 2000, emele amasheya angama-2 000 ase-US ezincinci-mali. Izitokisi ezincinci zentengiso zengxowankulu kuneempahla ezinkulu kodwa nazo zinakho ukubuyiswa kwexesha elide. IWM ingenza isibonelelo esihle seSatellite kwiipotifoliyo ngokunyusa ukwanda kwamathuba xa kunciphisa umngcipheko ngokusebenzisa ulwahlulo. Iindleko ze-IWM zi-0.20 zeepesenti, okanye i-$ 20 ngonyaka ngonyaka we-$ 10,000.
4. I-Vanguard neS & P 400 Mid-Cap 400 (IVOO) : IVanguard iyaziwa kakhulu ngenxa yeemali eziphathekayo eziphezulu, eziphantsi kweendleko eziphantsi, ezingekho mthwalo kodwa zineenkcukacha ezihlukeneyo ze-ETF kunye ne-IVOO ingaba yinto ephakathi phambili ETF kwimarike. Iimpahla zesikhokelo esiphakathi zibizwa ngokuthi "indawo enhle" yeemarike ngenxa yokuba zibuyiselwe kwiminyaka ephakamileyo yerhafu ezibuyiselwayo kunezikhutshana ezinkulu zesikhokhelo ngelixa zithwele ingozi emarike engaphantsi kuneempahla ezincinci. Olu mgangatho ombini otyalo-mali lwenza i-IVOO ikhethe ngokukhethekileyo ukuba isebenzise njengobambelelo obunzima okanye njengenkxaso kwi-index ye-S & P 500. Umlinganiselo weendleko kwi-IVOO ngowama-0.15 ekhulwini, okanye i-$ 15 ngonyaka ukuya kuma-$ 10,000.
5. iShares MSCI EAFE (EFA) : Ukuba bekufuneka ukhethe enye ye-ETF yesinye isizwe esithengayo, i-EFA yayiza kuba yinto ekhethileyo. Le ETF ilandelelanisa i-index ye-MSCI EAFE, emele amasheya angaphezu kwe-900 kwiindawo eziphuhlisiweyo zehlabathi zaseYurophu, "i-Australasia" (i-Australia kunye neNew Zealand), kunye neMpuma Ekude, eyenza i-EAFA isivakalisi. Izitokisti ziquka ukubamba iindawo ezinkulu kunye nee-cap. Utyalo-mali lwangaphandle luhlala lubeka umngcipheko ophezulu kwimarike kunokuba utyalo-mali lwama-US, oko kuthetha ukuba i-EFA isetyenziswe kakuhle njenge-satellites ebambe iphothifoliyo eyahlukeneyo. Umlinganiselo weendleko ze-EFA yi-0.33 yeepesenti, okanye i-$ 33 ngonyaka nge-$ 10,000.
6. I-iShares Core Integrg Bond (AGG) : Kwi-ETF enye, umtyalo-mali unako ukumbamba yonke imarike yebhanki yase-US kwaye ukuhlukahluka kwe-AGG kwenza i-AGG ibambe iqhosha eliyinxalenye yeengeniso ezingenakunqwenelekayo kwipotifoliyo okanye njengengxowa-mboleko yedwa. Ngomlinganiselo weendleko ze-0.05 weepesenti, unokufumana ukufikelela kuma-bond angama-6,000.
I-ETF ezintle zeeSikethi
Ukutshala imali kwiimali zecandelo kungekhona kubo bonke abantu kodwa bangaba yizixhobo ezintle kuzo zonke iipotifoliyo ngenjongo yokwahluka kunye nokuba nakho ukunyusa ukubuyiswa kwexesha elide. Imali emine yokugqibela kwiluhlu lwethu lwee-ETF ezilungileyo, siza kugxininisa imali yecandelo.
7. Impilo ye-SPDR (XLV) : Le ETF ijolise kwicandelo lempilo, eyaziwa ngeenzuzo ezidibeneyo zokukhula kwexesha elide kunye neempawu ezikhuselayo. Icandelo lezeMpilo liquka iinkampani zonyango, iifayili ze-biotechnology, abenzi bezixhobo zonyango, imibutho yezibhedlele kunye nokunye. Ngabantu abaguga kunye nenkqubela phambili kumachiza, icandelo lempilo lilungele ukuba libe yikomiti ephezulu yokwenza ikamva elibonakalayo. Isizathu sokuba izitokethi zempilo zibhekwa zikhuselekile kukuba zivame ukubamba ixabiso layo libhetele kuneemarike ezibanzi ngexesha lokuncipha okukhulu. Abantu basesidinga imishanguzo yabo kwaye ba tyelele ugqirha kwiindawo zokumisa. Umlinganiselo weendleko ze-XLV ngowama-0.14 ekhulwini, okanye i-$ 14 ngonyaka nge-$ 10,000.
8. I-Energy Khetha ICandelo le-SPDR (i-XLE) : Icandelo lamandla linokudibanisa umgangatho kwi-portfolio ye-ETF. Amandla afaka iinkampani ezivelisa ioli kunye negesi yendalo. Ekubeni ioli i-resource limited, amaxabiso emandla anokuthi aqhubele phezulu, njengoko kuya kuba ngamaxabiso emigodi yamandla. Umlinganiselo weendleko ze-XLE ungama-0.14 ekhulwini, okanye i-$ 14 ngonyaka nge-$ 10,000.
9. Izixhobo Khetha i-Sector SPDR (i-XLU) : Iinkonzo ziquka iinkampani ezinika iinkonzo zesevisi, ezifana negesi, ugesi, amanzi, kunye nefowuni kumthengi. Njengempilo, izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo zisadingeka ngabathengi ngexesha lokunyuka kweemarike, okwenza ezi zikhundla zibe yimidlalo emihle yokuzikhusela kunye nezixhobo ezihlukeneyo zohlobo lwe-potifoliyo. Umlinganiselo weendleko ze-XLU ungama-0.14 ekhulwini, okanye i-$ 14 ngonyaka nge-$ 10,000.
I-Staples Yabathengi Khetha Icandelo le-SPDR (XLP) : Ukuba ufuna ukwabelana ngokubanzi kwezitokisi ezikhuselayo, icandelo lomthengi isigaba esilungileyo sokubamba loo njongo. Isithambiso sabathengi zizinto abathengi abathenga ngazo zokuphila kwansuku zonke. Ezinye zazo zibandakanya izinto zokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukutya, izibonelelo, utywala kunye nocuba. Umlinganiselo weendleko ze-XLU ungama-0.14 ekhulwini, okanye i-$ 14 ngonyaka nge-$ 10,000.
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi olukule ndawo lunikezelwa ngeenjongo zengxoxo kuphela, kwaye akufanele lichazwe ngokungeniswa njengeengcebiso zotyalo-mali. Ngaphandle kweemeko ngaba le nkcazelo ibonisa isincomo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iziqinisekiso. U-Kent Thune akayikubamba naziphi na iziqinisekiso ezibhalwe ngasentla njengoko kubhalwe kulo mbhalo kodwa uzibamba kwezinye iakhawunti ze client.