Yintoni i-Index Index? Yintoni emelayo?
Uva le migaqo iphonywe ngeenxa zonke kwiindaba, kwaye uyazi ukuba la magama ahambelana ngokufanelekileyo nokutyalomali. Kodwa awuqinisekanga ukuba yiyiphi enye yale migaqo ithetha. Yintoni na?
Nantsi i-primer kwixesha eliqhelekileyo lokutyalomali.
Index Index
I-S & P 500, i-NASDAQ, i-Dow Jones, uRussell, kunye neWilshire yimizekelo ye-"index index". Isalathisi sinikeza isishwankathelo seemarike ngokulandela ezinye izitoko eziphezulu kuloo marike.
Izama ukubonelela umfanekiso wesalathisi obonisa ukuba ulwalathiso lwentengiso.
Iingxelo azilandelanga zonke izitokethi. Ezinye iimbosi zizama ukumela iinkampani ezincinci, eziphakathi kunye ezinkulu, ngelixa ezinye iindleko zimela kuphela iinkampani ezinkulu.
Ezinye iimbosi zithatha ukulandelela iinkampani ngaphakathi kwicandelo elithile, njengeteknoloji, ngelixa ezinye iindile zibanzi.
Ukuzonwabisa ngokuzonwabisa: U-Charles Dow Umlobi wabumba iqhosha lokuqala ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-100 edlulileyo. Ngomnyaka we-1896, iDow yahlula amaxabiso e-stock of the top 12 companies. (Wongezelela amanani abo esitokhwe kunye kwaye wahlula inani lilonke ngamanani esitokisini.)
Ngokwenza oku, wafumanisa ukuba unokukwazi ukulandelelanisa ukuhamba kwemarike yonke, kubandakanywa ukujikeleza okuqhelekileyo (okuphakathi) kweempahla ezingabandakanywa ekubaleni kwemali .
Ngoko ke yiyiphi iindleko zeemakethe ezithandwa kakhulu?
I-S & P 500
Olu lathisi lulandelela iinkampani ezinkulu ze-US ezinkulu kwi-wide span yamashishini kunye namacandelo.
Izitokethi kwi-S & P 500 zimele malunga ne-70 ekhulwini yazo zonke izitokhwe ezithengiswa esidlangalaleni. "I-S & P" imele "iMigangatho kunye neNyango," igama lenkampani yophando lweemarike.
Iinkampani zingabalwa kwiinkcukacha ezingaphezulu kweyodwa. Ezinye zeenkampani ezinkulu phakathi kwe-S & P 500 nazo ziseDow Jones Industrial Average.
Umyinge weDow Jones
Ebizwa emva kweCharles Dow, eli lathisi lilandelela iinkampani ezingama-30 ezinkulu zase-US. Oku kuthetha ukuba limele "iinkampani ezinkulu", eli lixesha le shishini "kwiinkampani ezinkulu kakhulu" njengoJohnson & Johnson, McDonald's, kunye neCoca-Cola.
Nangona iinkampani ngaphakathi kwiDow Jones zimela kuphela iipesenti ezingama-25 zazo zonke izitokisi, i-DJIA iyamkelwa ngokubanzi njengendlela ehamba phambili yezempilo kwimarike.
IWilshire 5000
Eli khonkco limele kwiikhampani ezi-5,000 zazo zonke iimoko kunye nobukhulu, ukusuka kwiinkampani ezinkulu ukuya kwiinkampani ezincinane kunazo zonke. (Kwimashishini-isigama, ezi zibizwa ngokuba "yi- cap enkulu ," "phakathi kwesikhephethi" kunye "ne-cap-encinci.")
IWilshire 5000 idlalwa ngokuba yi-" index total market ". Nangona indlela emele ngayo le ngcaciso, ngokungaqhelekanga ayifumanekanga njengokuba ithandwa okanye ilandelwa njenge-DJIA kunye ne-S & P 500.
URussell 2000
I-Dow Jones igxile kwiinkampani ezinkulu, kodwa uRussell 2000 wenza okuchaseneyo: ilandelela kuphela iinkampani ezincinci . Le ngcaciso ilandela aba-2,000 abadlali abancinci kumakethi.
Ukuba ucinga ukuba iinkampani ezi-2,000 zincinci kakhulu kwisayizi yeesampula, kwaye ufuna i-snapshot ekhudlwana, ebonisa ngakumbi ukuba iinkampani ezincinci zihamba njani, unokukhangela inkcazo yoodade, uRussell 3000.
I-NASDAQ
Ndilondolozile eli lokugqibela ngenxa yokuba linokudideka. "I-Nasdaq" ibhekisela kuzo zombini inkcazo kunye nokutshintshwa kwezohwebo. Makhe ndibuyise umncinci ndikunike imvelaphi ethile:
Kukho imarike apho abantu baya khona ukuthenga amasheya. Eli shishini libizwa ngokuba "utshintshiselwano." Into edumileyo yiNew York Stock Exchange. Kukho omnye udumi obizwa ngokuba yi-Nasdaq Exchange.
Amasheya athengiswayo kwi-Exchange ye- Nasdaq ihlala yinkampani ye-tech, njenge-Apple ne-Google. Kakade, iinkampani kwi-Nasdaq akudingeki zibe zinkulu njengalezo zimbini. Iinkampani ezincinci ezifana noLuhlu lwe-Angie (i-website enikezela ukuhlolwa kwamanye amakhontrakthi okulungisa amakhaya) kunye ne-1-800-Flowers zikwahlulelwa kwi-Exchange ye-Nasdaq.
I-Nasdaq ibuye isebenze iinkampani ezithile zebhanki, iinkampani zomoya ezinjenge-Air Airlines, kunye namashishini ambalwa angewona ubuchwepheshe njenge-Starbucks kunye ne-footwear ye-Steve Madden.
Ngamanye amazwi, akukho mthetho okhutshwe ngamatye otsho nje ukuba iinkampani eziphezulu zobugcisa zithengiswa kwi-Exchange ye-Nasdaq. I-Nasdaq nje ijwayele ukugcina ubuninzi beenkampani zobuchwepheshe.
Inkcazo yemakethe yase Nasdaq, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Nasdaq Composite," ithatha iinkampani ezi-3,000 ezithengiswa kwiNashdaq Exchange. Oku kuyinto engavamile kuba akukho nanye utshintshi olunolwazi lwayo oluthile. Iindaba zebusuku azifundi izibalo ezivela "kwiNew York Stock Exchange Composite."
I-Nasdaq Composite iye yanda kakhulu ngenxa yokuba iyakwamkelwa njengesigqirha esincinci malunga nenkampani yezobuchwepheshe kunye neenkampani ezintsha-ezimbini kunye ezincinci-zihamba.