Oko abatshali-mali kufuneka bazi ngokumalunga ne-Investment kwi-Index Index
Impendulo yento ofuna ukuyifumana (kunye nemibuzo ongazange ucinge ukuba uyayibuza) malunga nendlela yokutshala imali kunye neengxelo zemali zilapha. Ukuphononongwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo imibuzo malunga nokutyalwa kwetyala kunokuncedisa abaqalayo kunye nabalimi abanamava baqonda izinto ezisisiseko malunga neengxelo zezimali kunye nendlela yokufunda izinto ezintsha zokufumana imali enkulu.
Index Index Investment and Resources
Ukuze ufumane lula kunye nokubhekiselela phambili, umbuzo ngamnye unesixhumela kwiinkcukacha ezingakumbi ukuze ufumane ubunzulu obunzulu nokuqonda ngakumbi kwimpendulo yombuzo. Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ngaphezulu, vele uhambe phezu kombuzo uze uqakraze isixhumanisi !
Yiyiphi inkcazo kwaye Ziziphi ezinye zeMzekelo?
Isalathisi, ngokubhekiselele kutyalo-mali, yinkampu yesampula yee-securities ezidibanisa ukumela ingxenye echaziweyo yemarike. Ngokomzekelo, i- S & P 500 Index yinkampu yee-stock capital. Isalathiso ngokwaso asiyilo-mali; iindleko (okanye iindleko) zenziwe ukuba zisebenzise njengeenkcukacha zenkcazo okanye amanqaku okulinganisa ukulinganisa icandelo elithile lemarike. Abatyalomali kunye nabaphathi beephothifoliyo bangaqhathanisa ukusebenza kweefowulini zabo zokutshala imali malunga nesalathisi, nethemba lokugqithisa isalathisi.
Iinkampani ezininzi zeengxowa-mali zidibanisa iimali zenkcazo zokulinganisa ukusebenza komboniso othile.
Imizekelo yezinye iimbosi zibandakanya iWilshire 5000 kunye noRussell 3000 , zombini ebizwa ngokuba yi-stock market indexes, iRussell 2000 , emele amasheya amancinci, i -Barclays Capital Capital Bond Index , kunye neendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo ze -MSCI Indices , ezimele iintengiso zamazwe ngamazwe.
Yintoni iDow Jones kunye nabaTyalo-mali batyisebenzisa njani?
Umyinge weDow Jones weShishini i-index emele ukunyuka kwexabiso lentengo yeenkampani ezingama-30 ezivela kumashishini athile e-United States. Ebizwa emva kukaCharles Dow noEdward Jones, i-stock-benchmark eyaziwayo eyaziwa ngokuba yiDow Jones, iDow 30 okanye njengoko ibizwa ngokuba yi "Dow." Mhlawumbi ngenxa yegama layo elibonakalayo, iindaba zeendaba zakusihlwa kunye neendaba ezifundwa ngokubanzi ziyakwazi nje ukubonelela ngentloko, njengokuthi "iDow Hits Hits Highs" kwaye abathengi beenkcukacha baya kuqonda ukuba oko kuthetha ntoni. Nangona kunjalo, i-Dow ngokuyinhloko isetyenzisiweyo. Nangona abatshali-mali abaninzi abanengqondo bahlonela ingqondo yayo "yintloko," ukusetyenziswa kweDow njengezithuthi zotyalo-mali akufunwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yobume bayo obuncitshisiweyo kwizinto ezincinci.
Kutheni iikhompyutheni zekhompyutheni zibetha ngeengxowa-mali eziphathekayo?
Impendulo yalo mbuzo inokuphendulwa ngemibandela embalwa yokulandelelana: Ukuba wonke umntu ufuna ukubetha isalathisi, kutheni ungatyeli imali nje kwingxowa-mali? Ngaba kulungile ukudlala 'ukungaphumeleli' kwiimarike kunokudlala ukudlala nokunyusa umngcipheko wokulahlekelwa? Kukho izizathu ezininzi ezizodwa zokutshala imali kwiinkcukacha zenkcazo. Esinye sezizathu eziphambili zokutyalomali kwiimali zenkcazo kukuba zilawulwa ngokungathandabuzekiyo , oko kuthetha ukuba umphathi wezezimali akazami ukuzama ukubetha i-marhwebo okanye nayiphi na inxalenye yemarike; Bafuna kuphela ukulingana nokusebenza kwenkcazo (okanye ukuza kufanana nayo emva kweendleko).
Olu lawulo oluhambelanayo luvelisa ezinye izizathu okanye iingenelo zokutshala imali kwiinkcukacha zenkcazo, ezifana nokulinganiswa kweendleko eziphantsi kunye nokusebenza kweerhafu . Ngenxa yezi nzuzo, nangaphezulu kwexesha elide, njengeminyaka eyi-10 okanye ngaphezulu, iimali zenkcazo zidla ngokugqithiseleyo ubuninzi beemali ezilawulwa ngokuzithandela.
Ziziphi iiflethi ze-S & P 500 Index?
Iimali zekhompyutheni zingaba lukhetho olukhethekileyo kubanini-mali abatyali kunye neengxelo zemali ezisetyenzisiweyo kakhulu zizo ziphindaphinda i- S & P 500 Index . Kodwa zeziphi ezilungileyo? Iimali ze-S & P 500 zifana ngendlela yokuba bonke batyale imali malunga nama-500 eenkampani ezinkulu zase-US, ezilinganiselwe kwiimali zentengiso. Ngoko ke imali ephezulu ye-S & P 500, njenge-Vanguard 500 Index (VFINX), iNkcazo ye-Fidelity Spartan 500 (FUSEX) kunye ne-Schwab S & P 500 Index (SWPPX), yilezo ezinenani eliphantsi kweendleko .
Yiyiphi i-'Total Total Market Market' Iimali kwaye Ziziphi eziphambili?
Iingxelo ezithi zithatha i-market market totali ziquka i -Wilshire 5000 Index kunye neRussell 3000 Index , elandelana ngokulandelanayo malunga nama-5000 ne-3000 aseStock. Iimali zenkcazo ezenza umsebenzi omhle wokuphinda zichazwe ezi zihlomelo, ngelixa zigcina ixabiso elibalulekileyo lexabiso , ziquka iVanguard Total Total Market Index (VTSMX), iSwab Total Total Market Index (SWTSX) kunye neShares Russell 3000 Index (IWV), I-Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) .
Yiyiphi eyona nto ilungileyo: Iyonke i-Stock Market Index Index okanye i-S & P 500 Index Index?
Iimali ezipheleleyo zeemarike ze-stock market ezifuna ukuphinda ziphindwe ezi zihlomelo zinikela abatyali ukutyhila ngokubanzi kwiimpahla zesikhombi esikhulu, amasheya angaphakathi-midlalo kunye nezitokhwe ezincinci. Nangona kunjalo, abatyali-mali kufuneka bangacingi ukuba lukhulu ngakumbi ngokubhekiselele kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yokuba ezi zorhwebo zemali zentengiso zorhwebo zithengiswa ngeemarike, oko kuthetha ukuba izitokisi ezinkulu zibandakanya ininzi yesalathisi, ukusebenza kuya kufana (bona R-squared ) kwisikhokelo se-S & P 500. Ngamanye amazwi, umtyalomali unokube ngcono ekusebenziseni enye yeengxowa-mali eziphezulu ze-S & P 500 kwaye ke ukwakhela malunga nale ngundoqo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengxowa-mali kwiimali zonyanisiweyo "zesebe".
Yiyiphi i-Exchange Partnership Fund (ETF)?
I-Exchange Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) iyafana nekhompyutheni yomxhaswano phakathi kokuthi ithatha ibhaskithi yee-securities eziya kufuna ukuphinda iphendule inkcazo ethile. Uhlobo oluphambili kukuba ii-ETF zirhweba njengezitshixo, oku kuthetha ukuba intengo yabo iya kuguqulwa kulo lonke usuku, kanti imali edibeneyo kuphela ithengisa ekupheleni kosuku kwixabiso lexabiso lexabiso .
Umtyalo-mali oqhelekileyo, uhlalutyo lweemali ezixhamlayo zifana nokuba (okanye ezingcono kune-ETFs) ngenxa yeenzuzo eziphambili (oko kukuthi iindleko eziphantsi, uhlobo oluthile, ukunyuka kweemarike, kunye nokulula) kuyafana nababini. Abanye abatyali-mali basebenzisa ii-ETF ukuze kube lula ukuguquguquka kwiinkqubo zokutshintsha kweemarike kodwa ukuhweba okwandisiweyo kuya kwandisa imali yokuthengisa .
Yiyiphi i-Hypothesis esebenzayo ye-Market (EMH)?
Uninzi lwabatyalo-mali baxhasayo kwi-Exact Market Hypothesis (EMH). Iingcamango zithetha ukuba yonke into eyaziwayo malunga nokugcinwa kweemali, njengemasheya, isele ihlanganiswe kumaxabiso aloo mathupha kwaye ngoko, akukho mali yokuhlalutya inokunika umtyalo-mali phezu kwabanye abatyala-mali. Ukubeka nje, iimali zenkcazo ziyakucingwa ukuba "ukuba awukwazi ukubetha ', qhafaza' em" ukhetho lokutshala imali.
Olunye utyalo-mali abatyala abanakho ukuxhasa oko kuthethwa yi-EMH, kodwa abakholelwa ukuba ixesha elongezelelweyo kunye nezixhobo ezifunekayo ukuze uphumelele nge-stocks, bonds, kunye / okanye iimali eziphathekayo eziphathekayo zifanelekile. Ngenxa yoko, uninzi lwabatyalo-mali abanokuthi bangakholelwa emagqabini kunabanye abatyali-mali okanye ukuba, ukucinga ukuba imarike inokubetha ngekhono, utyalo-mali usalathanga ukwenza uphando olufunekayo ukugqithisa i-index indexes. "Ukuhamba nokuhamba kweemarike kunokuba lula kwaye kunenzuzo kunokuba ungene.
Ndingayenza njani iNgxowa-mali ne-Index Index?
Emva kokugqiba izigaba zokucwangcisa zokuqala zokumelana nokunyamezela umngcipheko kunye nokwenza ulwabiwo- mali olufanelekileyo, unokuqala ukwakha iphothifoliyo. Isakhiwo esisigxina se-fund fund sabizwa ngokuba yiCore kunye neSatellite , apho umtyali-mali uza kukhetha ukubamba okubalulekileyo kunye nokwakha ngokubaluleka kunye neminye imali (i-satellites). Ukubamba okusemgangathweni okubalulekileyo kuyinkcazo yesitokhwe esikhulu, njengenye yee- S & P 500 Index Index Fund , kunye nama-satellites aquka ezinye iintlobo zeengxowa ezimele iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengxowa-mali kunye / okanye iikharityhulam zecandelo . Ungasebenzisa zonke iifom zenkcazo okanye udibaniso lweenkcukacha kunye neengxowa-mali ezilawulwa ngamandla. Qaphela: Kwimeko enoba, i-S & P 500 yengxowa-mali yecandelo leyona nto ingcono kakhulu.
Ndingayisebenzisa njani i-Index yeeNgxowa-mali zokuTyala imali kwiiNkcubeko?
Iimali zeCandelo zijolise kumashishini athile, injongo yezentlalo okanye amacandelo afana neenkonzo zempilo, i-real estate okanye iteknoloji. Injongo yabo yokutyalomali kukubonelela ngokugqithiseleyo kumaqela athile e-industry, abizwa ngamacandelo. Abatyalomali abayidingi imali yecandelo lokwenza ulwahlulo olufanelekileyo kodwa banokukunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko kunye nokwandisa iindleko ukuba zisetyenziswe kakuhle.
Kwimvelo yendalo yanamhlanje yemali yeengxelo kunye ne-ETFs, umtyalo-mali unokufumana ukunyanzeliswa okuncinci kumacandelo amashishini kunye namanye amacandelo angaphantsi. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ufuna ukuthenga izahlulo zenkcazo yeklinikhi yezempilo ejongene nenani elibanzi lempahla yokugcina impahla, ungathenga izabelo ze-T. Rowe zezeSayensi zezeMpilo (PRHSX) okanye, ukuba ufuna ukutyalo kuma-stocks angaphandle, ngokukodwa kwilizwe laseIndiya, ungathenga izabelo ze-ETF, iS & P India Index ye-Nifty 50 (INDY).
Nangona kunjalo, abatyali-mali kufuneka baqaphele ngemali yecandelo ngenxa yokuba kukho ukwanda kwengozi yemarike ngenxa yokungahambisani nokunyanzelisa ukuba icandelo lithinteka. Ukugqithisa ngaphezulu kwecandelo elinye, umzekelo, uhlobo lwexesha lemarike engangqina ukuba inokuthi inokulimaza kwipotfoliyo ye-investor ukuba icandelo lenza kakubi. Ngokubanzi, ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kwamacandelo kukunyusa amaqela ahlukeneyo amathathu okanye a-4 ukuya kwipotifoliyo, ngalinye lilungelelaniso elincinane kwi-index engundoqo, emele malunga nama-5% ephothifoliyo.
Ingaba umtyalo-mali angasebenzisa uhlalutyo lweSatisati ukukhetha i-Index Index?
Ezinye iindlela zokulinganisa, ezifana ne- Alpha (ezinceda ukubonakalisa indlela umphathi weengxowa-mali olawulwa ngokusebenzayo enezela ngayo), ayisebenzisi ngokwenene kwiinkcazo zemali kuba zilawulwe ngokungathandabuzekiyo. Amanye amanyathelo, njenge- R-squared (R2) , nangona kunjalo, unokunceda. I-R2 yinkalo yesalathiso abasetyenzisiweyo abanokuyisebenzisa ukuze baqulunqe ukulungelelaniswa kotyalo-mali oluthile kunye (ukufana) kunye nesilinganiselo esinikeziweyo. I-benchmark yinkcazo, njenge-S & P 500, enikwa ixabiso le-100. I-R-squared ethile yeengxowa-mali ingabonwa nguthelekiso obonisa indlela efanayo ngayo i-fund kwi-index.
Ukuba umzekelo, i-R-squared yengxowa-mali i-97, ithetha ukuba i-97% yenkqubela yeengxowa-mali (ups and downs in performance) ichazwe ngokunyakaza kwisahlu. I-R-squared inokunceda abatyali-mali ukuba bakhethe imali efanelekileyo ngokucwangcisa ulwahlulo lwezikhundla zabo zemali. Ngokomzekelo, umtyalo-mali osuphethe i-S & P 500 Index fund uya kufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba ezinye iimali abazifaka kwiipotfoliyo zabo azifani. Oku kuqinisekisa ukugqithisa okukhulu. Khawucinge ukuba unayo imali e-5 yemali kwi-potifoliyo yakho kwaye awuzange uqaphele ukuba bonke babenjalo ngokufanayo ukuba babeza kwenza phantse. Oku akuyi kuba yinto efumanekayo xa imali yakho yonke inqabile inzuzo kunye ne-market. Ukuthintela oku, unokwenza uqinisekise ukuba i- R-squared ibaluleke kakhulu kune-100%.
Ingxelo yeeNgxowa-mali zinganceda Ukugcina kwiNtlawulo?
Iimali ze-Index zithi "zenzeke ngerhafu," oko kuthetha ukuba, xa kubanjwe kwi-akhawunti ehlawuliswayo (into engekho i-akhawunti ehlawulwe irhafu, njenge-IRA okanye i-401 (k)), imali yenkcazo ivelisa ngaphantsi kwenkunzi ukufumana iimali ngaphandle kweengxowa-mali ezilawulwa ngempumelelo. Iimali zekhowudi zinexabiso elincinci , oku kuthetha isantya apho kuthengwa khona iindawo zokuthengisa kunye nokuthengiswa kunye neengxowa-mali ziphantsi kakhulu kunye neengxelo zemali xa kuthelekiswa nemali elawulwa ngokusebenzayo. Ukusebenzisa imali yenkcazo kwiingxelo ezihlawulwayo kunokuqwalaselwa into ebizwa ngokuba yindawo ye-asethi - ukukhetha uhlobo oluhle lwe-akhawunti (indawo) yemali ethile. Iimali zokubambisana ezenza igalelo ezininzi kunye neenzuzo eziphezulu zigcinwe kakuhle kwiakhawunti ezithengiswa ngerhafu, ezifana ne-IRAs, 401 (k) kunye neminyaka ethile. I-Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) ingaba nokukhetha ngokufanelekileyo ukulungelelanisa irhafu.
Ziziphi iiWebhsayithi ezilungileyo zoPhando lweeNgxowa-mali?
Ukuba uceba ukusebenzisa i-index index kuphela, unokufuna ukuya ngqo kwenye yezona nkampani eziphambili zeengxowa-mali zenkxaso-mali, ezifana neVanguard okanye unokwenza uphando olongezelelweyo kunye nokuhlalutya kwisayithi, njenge- Morningstar Lezi ziza kuphando ziya ukugqamisa iimpawu ezininzi ozibonayo kwingxowa-mali yeengxowa-mali. Njengesikhumbuzo, khangela i-index index kunye nexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu leendleko , uhla lwentlawulo ephantsi, inombolo efanelekileyo yokubamba , ixabiso lentlawulo ephantsi kunye necandelo le- fund . Yaye xa usenza isigqibo sokongeza ezinye iimali, uya kufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba i- R-squared ayisondele kakhulu kwi-100 (iyancinci inombolo, isezantsi ukulungelelanisa kwisiqulatho kwaye ngoko ke ulwahlulo olukhulu).
Ngemali ayinikezeli irhafu, utyalo-mali, iinkonzo zemali kunye neengcebiso. Ulwazi lwenziwa ngaphandle kokuqwalasela iinjongo zotyalo-mali, ukunyamezela ngengozi okanye imeko zezimali kwanoma yimuphi umtyalo-mali othile kwaye angenakufaneleka kubo bonke abatyalo-mali. Ukusebenza kwangaphambili akubonakali kweziphumo ezizayo. Utyalo-mali luquka ubungozi kubandakanya ukulahlekelwa kwinqununu.