Isicwangciso seSicwangciso soNcedo lwazo zonke iintlobo zezoTyalo
Xa kuziwa ekuthengeni iimali zentengiso, konke ukutyalomali luhlobo lwexesha leemarike, nokuba uqeshe isicwangciso sokutyalomali sokuthenga. Ngokomzekelo, xa wenza isigqibo sokuthenga i-fund eyodwa, ukhethe oko ukuthenga kunye nokuba uthenge nini. Okufanayo kuya kwiindawo ezithengisayo - unquma ukuba yiyiphi inzala-mali ekuthengiseni ngayo, zingaphi izabelo, kwaye unquma isigqibo, nokuba ngaba uyazi kakuhle "ixesha lokuthengisa" okanye cha.
Njengazo zonke izicwangciso zophuhliso kunye nezicwangciso zemali, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuphumelela. Ufuna nje ukufumana isicwangciso esinye okanye ezimbini esisebenza kuwe kwaye uhlale nabo. Nazi iindlela ezili-10 zexesha lemarike kunye neengxowa-mali, kunye negama lokulumkisa malunga nexesha lokuthengisa kwimali ekupheleni:
1. Unqobe isitha esibi kunazo zonke
Ukucacisa umtyalo-mali osisigxina, uBen Graham, utshaba olubi kunazo zonke utyalo-mali uhlala ekhona. Mhlawumbi inkohlakalo enkulu umtyalo-mali angenzayo ivumeleke ukuba iphoswe yimvakalelo enobungozi, njengokwesaba, ukuhaha, ukuxhalaba kunye nomnqweno wokulawula, zonke ezo zinokuncitshiswa okanye zingathathi ncitshiswa zizinto zokuthobeka nomonde. Xa wenza izigqibo ngokuziqonda ukuba akunakwenzeka "ukuphuma ngaphandle kweemarike" kwaye uqaphela ukuba iziphumo aziqhelekanga ngokukhawuleza, uqala ukunciphisa iingxaki zokwenza izigqibo eziphosakeleyo, eziqhelekileyo ezisekelwe kwimvakalelo.
Ezi zigqibo ezimbi zivela kwimithombo yangaphandle, njengemithombo yezemali. Ngaba ufunda amanqaku agxininisa amaqhosha omzimba, afana ne "Indlela Yokufumana I-Quick Quick ngexesha leMakethe"? Zama ukugcina ulwazi lwakho olusekelwe kwizinto ezinokwenzeka. Kodwa ukuba unomuva wokuba uhlale unxulumene nesayithi ethanda ukukhupha imvakalelo, qiniseka ukuba uyayilungisa kunye nomnye umthombo ongokoqobo.
2. Ixabiso nge-Growth vs Index
Ingaba uyakha iphothifoliyo yemali yokubambisana ukusuka ekuqaleni okanye ufuna indlela engcono yokuphucula ukusebenza komxube wakho wohlobo lotyalo-mali, uqikelele ukuqonda apho umjikelezo weemarike iinjongo zokukhula kunye nezokukhula zisebenza kakuhle.
Izicwangciso zokukhula (i- stock growth funds joint) , njengoko igama libonisa, ngokuqhelekileyo lenza okusemgangathweni kwizigaba ezivuthiweyo zomjikelo wemakethi xa uqoqosho lukhula ngezinga elifanelekileyo. Isicwangciso sokukhula sibonisa ukuba ziphi iinkampani, abathengi kunye nabatyalo-mali bonke okwenza ngokufanayo kwimpuco enempilo - ekufuneni ukukhula okuzayo kunye nokuchitha imali eninzi yokwenza. Iinkampani zezobugcisa ziyimimiselo emihle apha, njengamanye amacandelo oshishino njengamandla okanye ezinye iindawo ezinjengeempahla ezixabisekileyo . Zihlala zixabisekileyo kodwa ziyakwazi ukuqhubeka zikhula ngaphaya kwezo zixabiso xa imeko ilungile.
Izicwangciso zokuxabisa ( ixabiso leempahla ezixhaswa ngemali ) ngokuqhelekileyo ukukhupha ukukhula kunye nokudibanisa (i-index) ngexesha leemeko ezithintekayo. Cinga ngo-2002 xa i-"dot com bubble" yaqhekeza ngokupheleleyo kwaye ukukhula kwakungeenxa yekona. Ngoku kutshanje ngo-2008, ukuphakama kwe-Greatest Recession, yabona ukubaluleka kukulawula ukukhula.
3. Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokutshala imali kwi-Small-Cap Stocks
Ubulumko obuqhelekileyo buxutyushwa malunga nexesha elifanelekileyo lokutshala imali kwi-stock stock cap. Abanye bathi bahamba phambili ekukhuleni kweemeko zentlalo kodwa ubunzima be-cap-small inokuvela ngokukhawuleza ekubuyiseni kwezoqoqosho, xa izinga lentengo linokuphakama kwaye liwa. Iingcamango kukuba iinkampani ezincinci zingaqala ukuhlawulela ekukhuleni kwezoqoqosho ngokukhawuleza kuneenkampani ezinkulu ngenxa yokuba igalelo labo elihlangeneyo alibophelelwanga ngokuthe ngqo kwimilinganiselo yenzalo kunye nezinye izinto zokunceda zikhule. Njengesikebhe esincinci emanzini, iinkampani ezincinane zihamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye zihambelane ngokuthe ngqo kuneenkampani ezinkulu ezihamba njengamaqhosha amakhulu olwandle.
4. Ixesha lokuhamba kweMali yeMali
Ukuhamba kwemali ye-Mutual, ebizwa ngokuthi "ukuhamba kweengxowa-mali," kubonisa indlela abatyali-mali abatyala ngayo imali yabo kwimali-mali.
Ukuhamba kwamanzi kuyimilinganiselo yeedola eziwela ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle kwemali. Abanye abatyali-mali bayisebenzisa ukuhamba kweengxowa njengendlela yokukhokela kwezoqoqosho, oku kuthetha ukuba izikhokelo malunga nokuba luphi uqoqosho oluya kuba lizayo kwixesha elizayo lungafumaneka ngokuqwalasela indlela abatyala-mali abatyalileyo abatyalomali ngayo namhlanje. Ukuba, ngokomzekelo, ukuhamba kweengxowa-mali kulungile - ngaphezulu kweedola zihamba ngeemali ezihlangeneyo kunokuba zikhupha ngaphandle - abatyali-mali bangacinga ukuba lo mqondiso ukuba uqoqosho lujolise kwisikhokelo esilungileyo kwixa elizayo.
5. Ukusebenzisa i-Bear Market Mutual Funds
Iimali ze-Bear-market ziyi-portfolio zeteknoloji ezakhiweyo kwaye zenzelwe ukwenza imali xa i-marhwebo iwa. Ukwenza oku, ubeke iimali zeemarike kwiityala ezimfutshane kunye neziphumo, ngoko ke ukubuyela kwazo ngokuqhelekileyo kuhamba kwindlela echaseneyo ye-index index. Ngako oko ixesha elifanelekileyo lokusebenzisa iimali zeemarike zeebhere likufuphi ekupheleni kwemarike yenkomo okanye xa umtyalo-mali ebona ubungqina obunyanzelisayo bemarike yeebhere .
6. Ixesha leMarike ngeeNkxaso
Kukho amashishini athile ahlukeneyo, njengononophelo lwempilo, ezezimali kunye nekhnoloji, kwaye ngalinye icandelo lenza okulungileyo ngexesha leendidi ezahlukeneyo zokwandiswa koqoqosho kunye nokuqhekeka. Ngako oko kunokwenzeka ukuba ixesha lokuthengisa iimali kunye ne-ETFs. Nangona kungekho sikhombiso sendlela yokwenza iimarike zentengiso, ukongezelela amacandelo amancinci kwipotfoliyo yokutshala imali, njengemali yesithathu okanye ye-ETF eyabelwe kwi-5% nganye, inokwenene idibanisa ukungafani (ukunciphisa umngcipheko) kwaye inokunyusa iipotfoliyo kubuya.
7. I-Momentum Utyalo-mali: Ixesha kunye neSicwangciso
Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwaye ngokukodwa ngemali ehlanganisiweyo eyenzelwe ukuthabatha isicwangciso esilimazayo sokutyala, le ngcamango "ukuthenga phezulu nokuthengisa ngaphezulu." Umzekelo umphathi weengxowa-mali ohlangeneyo unokufuna ukugcina izitokhwe ezibonise umgangatho wokuxabisa ngokuthe rhoqo kwixabiso kunye nokulindela ukuba ukunyuka kwexabiso lentengo kuya kuqhubeka. Eli xesha liqhelekile kwiimarike zokugqibela zentengiso yeenkomo, apho amanani e-stock aqhubela phambili ngaphezu kweminyaka embalwa kwaye umjikelo wezoqoqosho usondela kwizigaba ezivuthiwe.
Kuba abatyali-mali abaninzi indlela efanelekileyo yokusebenzisa isibonelelo esihle sokuthengiswa kweengxowa-mali, ezifana ne-Vanguard Growth ETF (VUG) okanye i-fund-joint management fund, njenge-Fidelity Growth Inkampani (FDGRX).
8. Ulwabiwo lweeAffic Asset
Ulwabiwo lwee-asethi zentengiso yindlela yokutshala imali apho iiklasi ze-asethi eziphambili (iibhanki, iibhonksi kunye nemali) zilungelelanise ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zihlengahlengiswa ngumtyalomali ngenjongo yokuphucula iifomatile zentlawulo kunye nokunciphisa ingozi xa kuthelekiswa nokulinganisa, njengoluhlu. Isitayela sokutyalomali sehluke kwizohlalutyo lobugcisa kunye nohlalutyo oluphambili ekugxininiseni ngokukodwa kwi-asethi eyabelwe kwaye okwesibini ukhetho lokutshala imali.
Inxalenye yale ndlela yokutyalwa kwemali eyenza ityhutyhile kukuba ulwabiwo luya kutshintsha kuxhomekeke kwiimarike ezikhoyo (okanye ezilindelekileyo) kunye neemeko zoqoqosho. Ngokuxhomekeka kwezi meko, kunye neenjongo zomtyalomali, ukwabiwa kwi-asethi ethile (okanye ngaphezulu kwee-asethi enye) ingaba yinto engathathi hlangothi, ininzi okanye iphantsi.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukwabiwa kwee-asethi ezihlukeneyo kuhluke kwixesha elifanelekileyo leemarike ngenxa yokuba indlela ihamba ngokukhawuleza, ngokuzikhethela kunye neendlela eziqhelekileyo, ngeli xesha ixesha elininzi libandakanya ukurhweba ngokuphindaphindiweyo nokucwangcisa. Ngako oko ulwabiwo-mali lwe-asethi luhlobo lwesityalo-mali esisebenzayo esinalo utyalo-mali oluthile, ukuthenga nokugcina iimpawu kuba umtyalo-mali akasayi kubalahla iintlobo ze-asethi okanye utyalo-mali kodwa kunokuba utshintshe izisindo okanye ipesenti.
9. Ukusebenzisa uhlalutyo lobugcisa
Uhlalutyo lobugcisa yindlela yokuthengisa ixesha elithengiswayo yi -hypothesis esebenzayo (EMH) echaza ukuba yonke into eyaziwayo malunga nokugcinwa kweemali, njengemasheya, isele yafakwa kwixabiso lazo ziqinisekiso. Ngako-ke akukho mveliso yohlalutyo inokunika umnini-mali umgca phezu kwabanye abatyala-mali. Abathengisi bezobugcisa bavame ukusebenzisa iitshathi ukuqaphela iipateni zamanani asandul 'uqobo kunye nemigangatho ekhoyo yamashishini ngenjongo yokubikezela iipatheni kunye neendlela ezizayo. Ngamagama ahlukeneyo, kukho iipateni ezithile kunye neendlela eziza kunika umthengisi wezobugcisa ezithile iimpawu okanye iimpawu, ezibizwa ngokuba zizibonakaliso, malunga nokuhamba kweemarike ezizayo. Umzekelo, ezinye iipateni zinikezwa amagama achazayo, afana ne "intloko namagxa" okanye " indebe nokuphatha ." Xa aba patters baqala ukuma kwaye baqatshelwa, umthengisi wezobugcisa angenza izigqibo zotyalo-mali zisekelwe kwisiphumo esilindelekileyo sephethini okanye umendo.
10. Ukuthenga kunye neSicwangciso soBuchule
Ewe, nokuthenga nokubamba yindlela yokuthengisa ixesha! Ukuba ucinga ukuba ngexesha ngalinye uthengela izabelo zamasheya, iibhondi, iimali ezixhasanayo okanye ii-ETFs, ukhetha ixesha kunye nenani lezabelo okanye inani leedola, usuqedile ukuthenga! Nangona ubuninzi bezinto zokuthenga nokubambisa kuthathwa njengotyalo-mali, ingakumbi xa abatyali-mali beqesha "beka kwaye bayalibale" ifilosofi ngeendlela ezifana ne- dollar-cost cost , ukuthenga-kunye-kubambe kusekho ixesha, nangona kunjalo.
Ixesha leemarike ngokuqhelekileyo linomthengi wokuthengisa kunye nokuthengisa ixesha elifutshane kunye nenjongo yokuthenga ngexabiso eliphantsi kunye nokuthengisa kumaxabiso aphezulu, kanti ukuthenga nokubamba ngokuqhelekileyo kuquka ukuthenga ngezikhathi ezithile, ngaphandle kokuncinci okanye ukungaboni ixabiso, ngenjongo ukubamba ixesha elide.
Ukongezelela, umtyalo-mthengi uthengise ukuba ukubamba ixesha elide kudinga ukuthengisa okungaphantsi kwamanye amaqhinga. Ngoko ke iindleko zokurhweba ziyancishiswa, eziza kukhulisa i-net net return of portfolio. Kulula nje, ukuthenga nokugcina abatyalomali bakholelwa ukuba "ixesha kwiimarike" isitayela esithembekileyo sokutyalomali kunokuba "ixesha lokuthengisa."
ILizwi Lokulumka kwixesha leMarike
Ixesha leemarike isicwangciso sotyalo-mali apho utyalomali wenza izigqibo zotyalo-mali, ukuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iimali zokugcina imali, ngokusekelwe kwizibikezelo zekamva. Kodwa i-Market Timing Wisely? Umbuzo wokuba ingahlawulwanga ixesha okanye i-market is wise for the investor fund ukuphendula ngokubuza omnye umbuzo: Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuqikelela ikusasa? Impendulo emfutshane kukuba 'Hayi' I-timer yeemakethe, nangona kunjalo, ikholelwa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuthenga izitokhwe okanye iimali eziphathekayo kumaxabiso aphezulu kwaye uthengise ngamanani aphantsi esekelwe ekuhlolweni kwabo kwiimarike ezizayo kunye nomsebenzi wezoqoqosho.
Uninzi luya kuvuma ukuba ixesha leemarike linokwenzeka ngexesha elifutshane, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukulandelelana ngokuchanekileyo nangokuchanekileyo ukunyuka kweemakethe ze-stock market kwixesha elide. Ngokuqinisekileyo umntu unokuqikelela ikusasa kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba iziprofeto ziya kuzaliseka. Kuba umtyalo-mali oqhelekileyo iipotifoliyo ezahlukahlukeneyo zengxowa-mali, ezigcinwe ixesha elide, licebo elihle. Ukwakha iipotifoliyo zeemali zentsebenziswano ezifanelekileyo zisetyenziswe kakuhle xa umtyalomali eqwalasele ngenyameko iinjongo zotyalo-mali (oko kukuthi ixesha elide, iinjongo zezemali) kunye nokunyamezela ingozi (oko kukuthi iimvakalelo okanye iimvakalelo malunga nokunyuka kweemarike).
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi olukule ndawo lunikezelwa ngeenjongo zengxoxo kuphela, kwaye akufanele lichazwe ngokungeniswa njengeengcebiso zotyalo-mali. Ngaphandle kweemeko ngaba le nkcazelo ibonisa isincomo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iziqinisekiso.