Funda indlela 'Ukulwa neFed' Kungaba yimiba embi kubaTyalo-mali
Njengoko uninzi lweengxowa-mali kunye neengongoma, kukho ezinye izicelo zeli lizwi malunga nemigaqo-nkqubo yeBhodi ye-Reserve Reserve kodwa abaninzi abatyalo-mali basisilumko ukusekela zonke izigqibo zabo zokutshala imali kwiinjongo zabo zemali.
Kodwa kulabo bafuna ukwazi ngelizwi, nantoni na ukuba bazi malunga nokulwa neBhodi yeBhodi yeBhodi yeBhunga labaPhathiswa kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo , eyaziwa ngokuba yi-"Fed":
'Musa ukulwa neFed' Inkcazo kunye noMzekelo
Yintoni "engayilwa neFed" ithetha ukuba, ngokusekelwe kwimimandla yembali, abatyalo-mali bangenza kakuhle ukutyalo-mali ngendlela ehambelana nemigaqo-mali yemali ekhoyo ye-Federal Reserve Board, kunokuba ihambisane nabo.
Ngokomzekelo, ilizwi libonisa ukuba umtyalomali kufuneka ahlale etyalo-mali ngokupheleleyo (ukufikelela ekunyamezelweni kwabo , ngokuqinisekileyo) xa i-Fed iyanciphisa ixabiso lentengo okanye ihlale iphantsi. Ngoko umtyalo-mali onokunyamezela okukhulu kwimeko engqongileyo unokukhulula ukwabela i-100% yephothifoliyo yazo kwimali ye-stock xa umgaqo-mali we-Fed "ululaza" okanye "indawo yokuhlala".
Ingqiqo kukuba, kwiimeko eziphantsi kwezinga, iinkampani zinokuboleka imali engabizi kakuhle, edla ngokuguqulela kwinzuzo eninzi njengoko betyala imali ebolekelwe ukukhulisa ishishini labo (oko kukuphucula iinkqubo nokwandisa umveliso ngokuthenga iteknoloji), okanye nje ukuhlaziywa kwetyala ukusuka kumazinga aphezulu ukuya kumaxabiso aphantsi, ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa inzuzo ngokunciphisa iindleko.
Ngenxa yoko, izitokhwe zenkampani zenza kakuhle xa i-balance-incuted balance sheet ishicilelwe.
Xa i-Fed iqala ukuphakamisa amaxabiso, yenza njalo ukukhusela umnotho kwiindawo ezithisa kakhulu, ezinokuthi zenze amaxabiso aphezulu e-inflation. Ukunyuka kwamazinga kuhambelana nesigaba sokugqibela somjikelezo wezoshishino , ngokukhawuleza kulandelelaniswe imarike yeebhere kunye nokunciphisa umjikelezo wokukhula (kwaye ke kuya kufutshane nemakethe yeebhere kunye nokunciphisa imali).
Ngako oko, imarike yenkomo kwiimpahla zamasitokisi ziphakame phambi kokuba uqoqosho lukhuphuke. Oku kungenxa yokuba imarike yemasheya yindlela ekhangele phambili okanye "indlela yokuphuhlisa."
Ukufingqa, uza kuba "ukulwa neFed," ukuba uthethe, ukuba uthe wahlala utyalomali ngokupheleleyo xa i-Federal Reserve iphakamisa amaxabiso enzala okanye ukuba utyalo-mali ngokuzenzekelayo xa uhlawule amazinga okanye uwagcina phantsi. Kodwa le ngcamango ayiyikulwa neMali! Ngoko ke nibambelele kwiitoksi xa iFed iyanciphisa amazinga kwaye isuka kuyo xa amaxabiso aqala ukuphakama kwakhona.
Okungakumbi malunga nokuhlala phambi kweFed
Ngokungafaniyo kwiimarike kunye nootyalo-mali, uqoqosho, okanye oluchanekileyo ukuthetha, i-Fed nezinye i-economics, jonga emva. Bajonga iinkcukacha zembali, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuya kweenyanga ezintathu, ukubonelela ngemilinganiselo yempilo yezoqoqosho. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba uqoqosho lwezomnotho lwaqala namhlanje, aluyi kubikwa ngabakulingani ngokuqinisekileyo ubuncinane inyanga (okanye zinyanga ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu xa ubangela ukuhlaziywa kwazo).
Ngoku khawucinge ukuba ubude obude (ubude) beemarike zeebhere kwiimasheya ngumnyaka owodwa. Ngexesha lezoqoqosho zithe zalisa iindaba zokuthi uqoqosho luqalisile, imarike yeebhere ingaba sele ikhona kwiinyanga ezintathu okanye ezine, kwaye ukuba ingaphantsi kwe-average kwisithuba, kunokuthi kubekho ixesha lokuqala ukubuyisela kwisitokisi.
Yingakho i-market market ibizwa ngokuba "ngumbonakaliso wezoqoqosho okhokelayo" kuba inokuthi (kodwa kungekho rhoqo) iqikelele ukulandelelaniswa kwexesha elizayo elisondeleyo kwezoqoqosho. Oku kuholele kumxholo oyisiqendu kweli nqaku, "Musa ukulwa neFed." Nangona uqoqosho kunye nemarike yemasheya ingaqhubeka ikhula kwaye iqhube phezulu xa i-Federal Reserve iqala ukunyusa izinga lentengo, abatyali-mali bahlala bekhangele phambili kwisigaba esilandelayo. Kule meko, isigaba esilandelayo siyancipha kwaye abatshali-zimali abafuni ukubanjiswa ukuba bavelele kwiimpahla ezikhuselekileyo ngexesha lokunciphisa imali. Ngokomzekelo kukho iibhondi ezithile zebhanki ezenza kakuhle xa amaxabiso enzala ekhulayo kwaye abanye abatyalo-mali bangathanda ukuphepha iimbopheleleko ezigqithisileyo zokunyuka kwamaxabiso.
Ngokufanayo, xa i-Fed iyanciphisa ixabiso lentengo, uqoqosho luya kuhlawuleka kwaye amanani e-stock angakwazi ukuqhubeka ewa.
Nangona kunjalo, isigaba sokukhula kunye nemarike yenkomo ingaba nje ngeenxa zonke. Ngamagama ahlukeneyo, imarike entsha yeebhere yamasheya ingaqala nangokuba uqoqosho luqhubeka lukhula. Enyanisweni, ngeli xesha i-Federal Reserve ivakalisa ngokusemthethweni ukutyekela kwemali sele iqalile, kuya kuba yinto elungileyo yokufumana utyhafu kwaye uqale ukubeka iindidi zakho zentalo-mali.
Isishwankathelo kunye Nokulumkisa ekulwa neMali (okanye Akunjalo)
Ngokusisishwankathelo, nokuphinda, ukuba uphumelele ekungabambiselani neFed, utyalomali ngakumbi xa behla izinga lentengo kwaye utyalomise ngakumbi ngokukhawuleza xa bephakamisa amaxabiso enzala.
Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba amaxabiso ezitokhwe angakwazi (kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo) aqhubeke ekhula emva kokuba iFed iqalise ukuqinisa umgaqo-nkqubo wayo ngezinga eliphezulu. Ukunyuka kwamazinga, ngoko ke, kungumqondiso wokuthi imarike yenkomo isondele ekupheleni kokuqala.
Okubaluleke ngakumbi, abatyali-mali bayabulumko ukuba bangacingi ukuba lukhokelo lwamaxabiso amasheya okanye uqoqosho olusekelwe kwimigaqo ye-Federal Reserve. Izenzo zabo, okanye ukungabikho kwamanyathelo, zingenye yezinto ezininzi ezichaphazela amanani entengo.
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi olukule ndawo lunikezelwa ngeenjongo zengxoxo kuphela, kwaye akufanele lichazwe ngokungeniswa njengeengcebiso zotyalo-mali. Ngaphandle kweemeko ngaba le nkcazelo ibonisa isincomo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iziqinisekiso.