Ukususela kuma-1980 ukuya kwiimali ezixhaseneyo ze-bonds zika-2010 ziye zanandipha indawo efanelekileyo yokunyuka kwamaxabiso.
Ngaphandle kokuqala kotyalo-mali unokwazi ukuba amazinga omdla aphezulu kakhulu kwiminyaka yee-1980 kwaye yayingamaxesha onke kwixesha elilandelayo emva kokuLungiswa OkuMkhulu ka-2007 no-2008. ), i-math mathematikhi kunye neengcamango ukubona ukuba amaxabiso eebhondi aphakanyisiwe kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo.
Ubutyebi-mali beemali zanamhlanje uqikelele ukufunda iziseko zeebhondi kunye nendlela yokwenza uphando lwabo. Nantsi indlela yokwenza ngayo:
Funda iSiseko seBond kunye neBond Fund
Ukuba ufumene ngokukodwa ukugqithiswa kwebhanki yakho kunye neengxowa-mali zentsebenziswano, uya kuxhamla ngokufunda izinto ezisisiseko zokubambisana. Ubhonkco luyisithembiso sokuhlawula - ngumboleko. Umboleki uyinkampani, njenge-corporation, urhulumente wase-US okanye inkampani eyenziwa ngumntu, ejongene neengxowa-mali zokuphakamisa imali (imali) ngenjongo yokuxhasa iiprojekthi okanye ukuxhaswa imisebenzi yangaphakathi neyoqhubekayo yeli candelo.
Abathengi beebhanki batyali-mali abatyala imali kwi-entity, ngokuthenga izibophelelo, ngokutshintshela iintlawulo zexesha kunye nomdla.
Umzekelo, i-bhondi yomntu ngamnye iya kuhlawula umdla, obizwa ngokuba ngumgqwetha (umtyalomali) kwizinga elichaziweyo kwixesha elichaziweyo (ixesha). Ukuba igcinwe ekuvuthweni, kwaye umbopheli wombophelo akayi kuhlawuleka, umnini-mboleko uya kufumana zonke iintlawulo zenzalo kunye ne-100% yazo yeyona nqununu emva kokuphela kwekota.
Ngamazwi ahlukeneyo, abatyala-mali abaninzi abanakho ukulahlekelwa ngunqununu njengokuba kunokwenzeka ngeengxowa-mali zentsebenziswano - akukho mngcipheko wemarike wangempela okanye umngcipheko wokulahlekelwa yintengo kwaye iintlawulo zenzalo zizinzileyo, ke kutheni amabhondi abizwa ngokuba yi-investment-income investment. Iimali zobudlelwane bezivumelwano zeBond azibandakanyi le nto ebalulekileyo.
Qonda ukuhluka kwaBond kunye ne-Bond Mutual Funds
Iimali zeBond zixhaswa ngeemali ezizimeleyo ezityalomali kwizibophelelo. Faka enye indlela; Isikhwama esisodwa sekhonkco sinokucingwa njengobhasikidi bamaninzi okanye amakhulu amabhondi (phantsi kwebhanti) ngaphakathi kwipotfoliyo enye. Iingxowa-mali ezininzi zebhondi ziquka uhlobo oluthile lokubambisa, njengenkampani okanye urhulumente, kwaye ichazwe ngokuthe ngxiba ixesha lokukhula, njengexesha elifutshane (elingaphantsi kweminyaka engama-3), ixesha eliphakathi (iminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwe-10) kunye nexesha elide -mitha (iminyaka eyi-10 okanye ngaphezulu).
Izibophelelo zomntu ngamnye zingabanjelwa ngumtyalo-mali ukuya kukhula. Ixabiso lebhondi lingahle litshintshe ngelixa umnini-zimali ephethe ubophelelo, kodwa umtyalo-mali unokufumana i-100% yokutshala kwakhe kokuqala (inqununu) ngexesha lokukhula. Ngako oko akukho nto "ilahleko" yenqununu enokuthi ihlale inokukhula (kwaye i-entity issuing does not default because of circumstances, such as bankruptcy).
Akufani nokokusebenza kweemali zentsebenziswano. Ngeemali zentsebenziswano, umtyalo-mali akasayi kubamba ngqo izibophelelo. Ngako oko iimali zebhondi ziqhuba umngcipheko omkhulu wemakethi kuneebhonkce ngenxa yokuba umtyalo-mali obophelelweyo uyazibonakaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwiimeko zokuwa kwexabiso, kanti utyalomali-mboleko unakho ukubamba umxhesho wakhe ekuvuthweni, ufumane inzala kwaye athole inqununu yakhe epheleleyo ekukhuleni, ecinga ukuba into ekhuphayo ayiyiyo.
Yazi iiNqobo eziSiseko zeBond (iCandelo, uMasipala, uNondyebo, iJunk)
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeekhonkco, kodwa iintlobo ezisisiseko ziquka izibophelelo zoshishino, izibophelelo zikamasipala, iiHorari kunye neJunk
- Amasheya eNondyebo e-US, awaziwa ngokuba nguNondyebo, ayenembopheleleko yetyala ekhutshwa yiSebe le-Nondyebo yase-United States. Xa uthengisa i-Treasury, uxhasa ngemali ukusebenza koRhulumente wase-United States Government. Ngamazwi ahlukeneyo, ukhawulela imali kwi-federal government. Kukho iintlobo ezine zeNondyebo: 1) Iingxowa-mali ze-Nondyebo (i-T-Bills), ekhulile kwiminyaka eli-1 okanye ngaphantsi, 2) Amanqaku eNondyebo (i-T-Notes), ekhulile kwiminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwe-10, i-3) Bonds), ekhulile kwiminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwe-30 kunye ne-4) I-Imali-mali eVikelekileyo (Protected Securities) (TIPS), ezi-bonds-indexed bonds.
- Iibhanki zentsebenziswano zibopheleleko zetyala ezikhishwe ngamashishini ngenjongo yokwandisa imali kwiiprojekthi zenkampani kunye nezinye iindlela zokwandisa iqumrhu elikhuphayo. Xa uthengisa isibophelelo senkampani, uboleka imali kwi-corporation, leyo leyo ithetha ngokukuhlawula umlinganiselo othile wenzalo de kubekwe umhla wokukhula, ngexesha apho isixa-mali sokuqala esithengile (inqununu) sibuyiselwa kuwe, utyalomali.
- Iibhondi zikamasipala zibophelelweyo zinikezelwa oomasipala karhulumente okanye i-arhente yabo. Imizekelo ibandakanya izixeko, amazwe, kunye neenkonzo zoluntu. Izibophelelo zetyala zisetyenziselwa ukuphakamisa imali ukuxhasa imali yokwakha izikolo, iipaki, iindlela ezihamba phambili kunye nezinye iiprojekthi zokusetyenziswa koluntu.
- Izibopho ezingenayo i-Junk , eyaziwayo njengesivuno esiphezulu, zizibophelelo ezinokulinganiswa kwexabiso lekhredithi ngaphantsi kwebakala lotyalo-mali (ireyithi engaphantsi kweBBB ngo-Standard & Poor's okanye ngaphantsi kwe-Baa yi-arhente ye-credit rating). Ikhonkco inokufumana isilinganiselo semali esezantsi ngenxa yengozi yokungagqibekanga kwiqumrhu elikhupha isibophelelo. Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa yolu mngcipheko olusenyongweni, amashishini anikezela ezi zibophelelo aya kubhatala amazinga amanqanaba aphezulu ekuhlawuleleni abo batyalo-mali ukuba bathathe umngcipheko wokuthenga izibophelelo.
Funda indlela yokuPhando kunye nokuThengisa iBond
Akudingeki ukuba ube yingcali yokwenza uphando lwakho lweentambo. Yonke yolwazi, isigama, kunye nobunzima obandakanyekayo kwiimarike ezibopheleleyo, ziya kufumaneka kwaye zenziwe zilula kunye nezicwangciso ezilula kunye namaziko ambalwa ancedo. Kukho abahlalutyi bamabhendi kunye nee-arhente zemboleko ezenza uninzi lomsebenzi kuwe. Ngako oko utyalomali-mali uthetha kuphela ukuba azi apho angabheka khona nendlela yokutolika ulwazi olukhoyo.
Ungasebenzisa iisayithi zokucwaninga ngeengxowa-mali ukuze ubone ukuba ngabaphi abanye abaphathi beebhanki eziphathekayo abambelele kwiipotifoliyo zabo ngeengcamango ezithile. Emva koko unokwenza ukuba wenze uphando lwakho ngokujonga kwiisayithi, ezifana nokutyalomali kwi-investinginbonds.com.
Gwema ukugqithisa kunye nokudibanisa
Njengoko kunye neemali zentsebenziswano, ukuxhamla kungenzeka ngokuthenga i-bond bonds. Ukuba unamabhonkco ahlukeneyo kwipotfoliyo yakho yebhanti, awukwazi ukuhambelana ngokufanelekileyo. Zama ukuhlukahluka kwamanani (okt, unyaka-1, unyaka-5, unyaka-10, iminyaka engama-30), iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zebhondi (oko kukuthi, uNondyebo, uMasipala, i-Corporate, Imveliso ephezulu) kunye namaqela ahlukeneyo phakathi kweebhanki zenkampani (okt, imali , ezempilo, ukuvelisa, ukuthengisa).
Cinga ngeCore kunye neStatfolio Portfolio Structure
Nangona uvakalelwa ukuba umngcipheko wengozi yemali iya kubakho ixesha elide, akukho sikhokelo sokushiya ngokupheleleyo imali. Ngenxa yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, abatyali-mali baya kuba bulumko ukuba baqwalasele ubuncinane bebhanki enye ye-bond efanayo njengengeniso "engundoqo" yokubamba imali engenayo kunye nokwakhiwa kwayo. Luhlobo "lwesiseko kunye nesakhiwo seSatellite" esivumelanisiweyo kunye nepotfolio epheleleyo yee-fund, eziza kubandakanya iifowuni zengxowa-mali kunye neengxowa-mali zakho.
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi olukule ndawo lunikezelwa ngeenjongo zengxoxo kuphela, kwaye akufanele lichazwe ngokungeniswa njengeengcebiso zotyalo-mali. Ngaphandle kweemeko ngaba le nkcazelo ibonisa isincomo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iziqinisekiso.